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Buscetta M, Cristaldi M, Cimino M, La Mensa A, Dino P, Bucchieri F, Rappa F, Amato S, Aronica TS, Pace E, Bertani A, Cipollina C. Cigarette smoke promotes inflammasome-independent activation of caspase-1 and -4 leading to gasdermin D cleavage in human macrophages. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22525. [PMID: 36004615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200837r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms and consequences of gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation in cigarette smoke (CS)-associated inflammation and lung disease are unknown. GSDMD is a downstream effector of caspase-1, -8, and -4. Upon cleavage, GSDMD generates pores into cell membranes. Different degrees of GSDMD activation are associated with a range of physiological outputs ranging from cell hyperactivation to pyroptosis. We have previously reported that in human monocyte-derived macrophages CS extract (CSE) inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and shifts the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) towards the TLR4-TRIF axis leading to activation of caspase-8, which, in turn, activates caspase-1. In the present work, we investigated whether other ASC-dependent inflammasomes could be involved in caspase activation by CSE and whether caspase activation led to GSDMD cleavage and other downstream effects. Presented results demonstrate that CSE promoted ASC-independent activation of caspase-1 leading to GSDMD cleavage and increased cell permeability, in the absence of cell death. GSDMD cleavage was strongly enhanced upon stimulation with LPS+CSE, suggesting a synergistic effect between the two stimuli. Noteworthy, CSE promoted LPS internalization leading to caspase-4 activation, thus contributing to increased GSDMD cleavage. Caspase-dependent GSDMD cleavage was associated with mitochondrial superoxide generation. Increased cleaved GSDMD was found in lung macrophages of smokers compared to ex-smokers and non-smoking controls. Our findings revealed that ASC-independent activation of caspase-1, -4, and -8 and GSDMD cleavage upon exposure to CS may contribute to macrophage dysfunction and feed the chronic inflammation observed in the smokers' lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnese La Mensa
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Amato
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
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Di Sano C, Lazzara V, Durante M, D’Anna C, Bonura A, Dino P, Uasuf CG, Pace E, Lenucci MS, Bruno A. The Protective Anticancer Effect of Natural Lycopene Supercritical CO 2 Watermelon Extracts in Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061150. [PMID: 35740047 PMCID: PMC9219748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids may have different effects on cancer and its progression. The safety of carotenoid supplements was evaluated in vitro on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma A549 cells by the administration of three different oleoresins containing lycopene and other lipophilic phytochemicals, such as tocochromanols. The oleoresins, obtained by the supercritical CO2 green extraction technology from watermelon (Lyc W), gấc(Lyc G) and tomato (Lyc T) and chlatrated in α-cyclodextrins, were tested in comparison to synthetic lycopene (Lyc S), by cell cycle, Annexin V-FITC/PI, clonogenic test, Mytosox, intracellular ROS, Western Blot for NF-kB and RT-PCR and ELISA for IL-8. The extracts administered at the same lycopene concentration (10 µM) showed conflicting behaviors: Lyc W, with the highest lycopene/tocochromanols ratio, significantly increased cell apoptosis, mitochondrial stress, intracellular ROS, NF-kB and IL-8 expression and significantly decreased cell proliferation, whereas Lyc G and Lyc T significantly increased only cell proliferation. Lyc S treatment was ineffective. The highest amount of lycopene in Lyc W was able to counteract and revert the cell survival effect of tocochromanols supporting the importance of evaluating the lycopene bio-availability and the real effect of antioxidant tocochromanols' supplementation which may not only have no anticancer benefits but may even increase cancer aggressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Claudia D’Anna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Angela Bonura
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (B.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carina Gabriela Uasuf
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.S.); (V.L.); (C.D.); (A.B.); (P.D.); (C.G.U.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.); (A.B.)
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3
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Bruno A, Di Sano C, Simon HU, Chanez P, Patti AM, Di Vincenzo S, Dino P, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Pace E. Leptin and TGF-β1 Downregulate PREP1 Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mature Adipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700481. [PMID: 34327205 PMCID: PMC8315375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is widely recognized as an extremely active endocrine organ producing adipokines as leptin that bridge metabolism and the immune system. Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (PREP1) is a ubiquitous homeodomain transcription factor involved in the adipogenic differentiation and insulin-sensitivity processes. Leptin, as pleiotropic adipokine, and TGF-β, known to be expressed by primary pre-adipocytes [adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)] and mature differentiated adipocytes, modulate inflammatory responses. We aimed to assess for the first time if leptin and TGF-β interfere with PREP1 expression in both ASCs and mature differentiated adipocytes. Human ASCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose liposuction and, after expansion, fully differentiated to mature adipocytes. In both ASCs and adipocytes, leptin and TGF-β1 significantly decreased the expression of PREP1, alone and following concurrent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Moreover, in adipocytes, but not in ASCs, leptin increased TLR4 and IL-33 expression, whereas TGF-β1 enhanced TLR4 and IL-6 expression. Taken together, we provide evidence for a direct regulation of PREP1 by leptin and TGF-β1 in ASCs and mature adipocytes. The effects of leptin and TGF-β1 on immune receptors and cytokines, however, are limited to mature adipocytes, suggesting that modulating immune responses depends on the differentiation of ASCs. Further studies are needed to fully understand the regulation of PREP1 expression and its potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases CIC Nord INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Zito G, Buscetta M, Cimino M, Dino P, Bucchieri F, Cipollina C. Cellular Models and Assays to Study NLRP3 Inflammasome Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124294. [PMID: 32560261 PMCID: PMC7352206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that initiates innate immunity responses when exposed to a wide range of stimuli, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Inflammasome activation leads to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and to pyroptotic cell death. Over-activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. A deep knowledge of NLRP3 inflammasome biology is required to better exploit its potential as therapeutic target and for the development of new selective drugs. To this purpose, in the past few years, several tools have been developed for the biological characterization of the multimeric inflammasome complex, the identification of the upstream signaling cascade leading to inflammasome activation, and the downstream effects triggered by NLRP3 activation. In this review, we will report cellular models and cellular, biochemical, and biophysical assays that are currently available for studying inflammasome biology. A special focus will be on those models/assays that have been used to identify NLRP3 inhibitors and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zito
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Buscetta
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maura Cimino
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Dino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6809191; Fax: +39-091-6809122
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5
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Di Sano C, D'Anna C, Ferraro M, Chiappara G, Sangiorgi C, Di Vincenzo S, Bertani A, Vitulo P, Bruno A, Dino P, Pace E. Impaired activation of Notch-1 signaling hinders repair processes of bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Dino P, D'Anna C, Sangiorgi C, Di Sano C, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Pace E. Cigarette smoke extract modulates E-Cadherin, Claudin-1 and miR-21 and promotes cancer invasiveness in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:102-109. [PMID: 31574306 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is considered a risk factor for lung and colorectal cancer. A convincing link between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with colorectal cancer progression and therapeutic resistance has emerged. Deregulated expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1 and increased miR-21 expression and invasiveness represent hallmarks of EMT. The effects of cigarette smoke exposure on EMT in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells are largely unknown. AIM The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on miR-21, Claudin-1 and E-Cadherin, molecules associated to EMT in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS A human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) was treated with CSE at different concentration (5% and 10%) and for different time points (3 h and 24 h). Metabolic activity (by MTS assay), cell necrosis/cell apoptosis (evaluating Propidium Iodide/Annexin V expression by flow cytometry), miR-21, Claudin-1 and E-Cadherin gene expression were evaluated by Real time PCR. Cell permeability, actin polymerization and cancer cell migration was assessed by Trans-Epitelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), Phalloidin expression and matrigel system, respectively. RESULTS CSE at all the tested concentrations and at all time points reduced cell necrosis. CSE at 10% increased miR-21 and reduced the metabolic activity, cell necrosis, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin mRNA at 3 h. Cell permeability, actin polymerization and cancer cell migration were all increased upon CSE exposure. CONCLUSION These results showed that CSE increasing miR-21, Claudin-1 and E-Cadherin and enhancing the aggressiveness of cancer cells, may concur to colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dino
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C D'Anna
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Sangiorgi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Di Sano
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ferraro
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Di Salvo E, Genovese S, Dino P, Sangiorgi C, Ferraro M, Gangemi S. MiR-21 upregulation increases IL-8 expression and tumorigenesis program in airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22183-22194. [PMID: 31054160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure, increasing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Chronic inflammation, microRNA (miRNA), and oxidative stress are associated with cancer development. AIMS The present study was aimed to explore whether cigarette smoke exposure, altering miR-21 expression, promoted inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis processes in airway epithelial cells. METHODS Airway normal and cancer epithelial cells (16HBE and A549) were exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or with/without agomiR-21, and then it was assessed: a) miR-21 expression; b) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) nuclear protein expression and ERK1/2 activation; c) IL-8 gene expression and protein release. An antagonist of TLR4 (CLI-095) and the antioxidant flavonoid, apigenin, were also included to evaluate miR-21 expression in CSE exposed cells. RESULTS It was demonstrated that: a) A549 cells constitutively expressed higher levels of miR-21 and IL-8; b) CSE increased STAT3 nuclear expression in 16HBE; c) in both cell lines, CSE and agomiR-21 increased: miR-21 expression; ERK1/2 activation and IL-8 gene expression and protein release; d) TLR4 inhibition counteracted the effects of CSE on miR-21 in A549; e) apigenin reduced miR-21 and IL-8 gene expression in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Data herein provided identified for the first time new mechanisms supporting the crucial role of cigarette smoke-induced miR-21 expression in the amplification of inflammatory responses and in tumorigenesis processes within the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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8
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Bruno A, Di Sano C, Lorusso F, Dino P, Russo D, Ballacchino A, Gallina S, Modica DM, Chiappara G, Simon HU, Pace E. Notch-1 decreased expression contributes to leptin receptor downregulation in nasal epithelium from allergic turbinates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1642-1650. [PMID: 30951821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a remodeling of nasal epithelium. Since the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways are known to be involved in cell differentiation and remodeling processes and leptin adipokine has already been identified as a marker for homeostasis in human bronchial and nasal epithelial cells of asthmatics, roles played by these pathways have been investigated for chronic allergic rhinitis. METHODS The leptin/leptin receptor expression has been investigated in a study with 40 biopsies from allergic (AR, n = 18) and non-allergic (C, n = 22) inferior turbinates, using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR. In addition, extracts from in vitro samples prepared from primary cells of inferior turbinates as well as in vitro cultured human nasal epithelial RPMI 2650 cells (ATCC-CCL-30) were also tested for leptin expression and activation of the Notch-1 pathway. RESULTS With regards to AR, in vivo expression levels of both leptin and its receptor significantly decreased in comparison to C. Furthermore, leptin receptor mRNA was significantly reduced in AR as compared to C. Immunofluorescence showed an apparent co-expression of leptin receptor with Notch-1, which was not seen with TGF-β. In vitro, in primary turbinate epithelial cells, the expression of leptin receptor and Notch-1 significantly decreased in AR as compared to C. Moreover, in RPMI 2650 cells, leptin receptor expression was shown to be induced by Notch-1 ligand signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, both the leptin and Notch-1 pathways appear to represent markers for epithelial homeostasis in allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Lorusso
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Russo
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Gallina
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Michele Modica
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
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9
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Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Dino P, Bucchieri S, Cipollina C, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Budesonide, Aclidinium and Formoterol in combination limit inflammaging processes in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:78-87. [PMID: 30659954 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cellular senescence (also called inflammaging) are involved in the pathogenesis of premature lung aging, a key driver of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Downregulation of histone deacetylases and FoxO3 expression, activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway and IL-8 increase are hallmarks of lung inflammaging. The effects of Budesonide (BUD), Aclidinium (ACL) and Formoterol (FO) on lung inflammaging are unknown. This study was aimed to assess the effects of BUD, ACL and FO in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by evaluating: a) Expression of TLR4 and survivin and LPS binding by flow cytometry; b) expression of HDAC2, HDAC3, SIRT1 and FoxO3 and activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway by western blot; c) IL-8 mRNA levels and release by Real Time-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Reported results show that CSE increased TLR4 and survivin, LPS binding, ERK 1/2 activation, IL-8 release and mRNA levels but decreased SIRT1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and FoxO3 nuclear expression. Combined therapy with BUD, ACL and FO counteracted the effects of CSE on LPS binding, FoxO3 nuclear expression, ERK 1/2 activation, survivin and IL-8 release and mRNA levels. These findings suggest a new role of combination therapy with BUD, ACL and FO in counteracting inflammaging processes induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Dino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Bucchieri
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Cipollina
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Barbaro MR, Fuschi D, Cremon C, Carapelle M, Dino P, Marcellini MM, Dothel G, De Ponti F, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 restores epithelial permeability alterations induced by irritable bowel syndrome mediators. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13388. [PMID: 29956419 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal permeability is altered in a subgroup of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and may contribute to symptom development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on Caco-2 permeability alterations induced by mediators released by IBS mucosal biopsies compared to asymptomatic controls (AC). METHODS Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro model of intestinal permeability. Seven AC and 28 well-phenotyped IBS (9 IBS-D, 8 IBS-C, and 11 IBS-M) patients were enrolled. Mucosal mediators spontaneously released (SUP) by IBS and AC biopsies were collected. Two concentrations of EcN (108 and 106 ) were applied to Caco-2 with or without SUP or SLIGRL (a protease-activated receptor-2 activating peptide), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Paracellular permeability was assessed by evaluating the flow of sulfonic-acid conjugated to fluorescein through Caco-2 monolayer. KEY RESULTS EcN 108 significantly reinforced Caco-2 monolayer compared to cells incubated with medium alone. IBS SUP induced a significant increase in paracellular permeability compared to AC SUP, independently of IBS bowel habit. EcN 108 induced a significant recovery of permeability rate compared to IBS SUP. Permeability increase induced by IBS SUP significantly correlated with severity and frequency of abdominal pain and abdominal distension. The co-incubation of EcN and IBS SUP abolished the above significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES EcN reinforces the integrity of Caco-2 monolayer and reverts the increase of permeability induced by mediators released by IBS biopsies. Future studies should investigate EcN therapeutic potentials in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Fuschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cremon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Carapelle
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Dino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M M Marcellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Dothel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - F De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Stanghellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Uasuf CG, Sano CD, Gangemi S, Albeggiani G, Cigna D, Dino P, Brusca I, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. IL-33/s-ST2 ratio, systemic symptoms, and basophil activation in Pru p 3-sensitized allergic patients. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:671-679. [PMID: 29774370 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in the development of allergic diseases, its contribution in food allergy is still unknown. METHODS In this study, we assessed the serum levels of IL-33 and its s-ST2 receptor in 53 control patients (without allergic diseases), 47 peach (Pru p 3)-sensitized allergic patients (SAP), and in 68 non-Pru p 3-SAP. Basophil activation test (BAT) was used to assess the basophil activation due to allergen exposure before and after the addition of s-ST2 to the blood samples from 5 Pru p 3-SAP. RESULTS IL-33 levels in Pru p 3-SAP were higher than in non-Pru p 3-SAP and in normal controls. Lower s-ST2 levels were found in Pru p 3-SAP than in non-Pru p 3-SAP. IL-33/s-ST2 ratio was higher in Pru p 3-SAP than in both non-Pru p 3-SAP and controls. Higher IL-33/s-ST2 ratio was observed in Pru p 3-SAP with severe than in those with mild systemic symptoms. BAT analysis in Pru p 3-SAP showed a decrease in basophil activation due to Pru p 3 exposure after the addition of s-ST2 to the blood samples. CONCLUSIONS An imbalance in the baseline levels of IL-33/ST2 pathway is present in Pru p 3-SAP. The measurement of this pathway might be helpful to detect patients at a higher risk of developing severe systemic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina G Uasuf
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Albeggiani
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Diego Cigna
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ignazio Brusca
- Clinical Pathology, Allergy Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Allergy Diseases Center "Prof G. Bonsignore", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy"(IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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D'Anna C, Cigna D, Di Sano C, Di Vincenzo S, Dino P, Ferraro M, Bini L, Bianchi L, Di Gaudio F, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Exposure to cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide modifies cytoskeleton organization in bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:347-358. [PMID: 29199880 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1377784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the respiratory epithelium is crucial for airway homeostasis. Tobacco smoke exposure and recurrent infections of the airways play a crucial role in the progression and in the decline of the respiratory function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to detect differentially expressed proteins in a bronchial epithelial cell line (16-HBE) stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of gram-negative bacteria, alone and/or in combination, by using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) analysis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was applied to confirm the expression of significantly modulated proteins. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to assess F-actin polimerization by phalloidin method. Fourteen proteins, with significant (p < 0.05) changes in intensity, were identified at various experimental points: 6 were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. As expected, bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of these proteins are involved in anti-oxidant and immune responses and in cytoskeleton stability. Western blot analysis confirmed that: Proteasome activator complex subunit 2 (PSME2), Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), Annexin A5 (ANXA5) and Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) were reduced and Coactosin-like protein (COTL-1) was increased by co-exposure of CSE and LPS. Furthermore, LPS and CSE increased actin polimerization. In conclusion, although further validation studies are needed, our findings suggest that, CSE and LPS could contribute to the progressive deterioration of lung function, altering the expression of proteins involved in metabolic processes and cytoskeleton rearrangement in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D'Anna
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Diego Cigna
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- b Molecular Biology Department , Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- b Molecular Biology Department , Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- c DiBiMeF (Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi) - Università degli Studi di Palermo - Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- a Department of Biomedicine , Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR , Palermo , Italy
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Bruno A, Cipollina C, Di Vincenzo S, Siena L, Dino P, Di Gaudio F, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Ceftaroline modulates the innate immune and host defense responses of immunocompetent cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:9-15. [PMID: 28720485 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke, the principal risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), negatively influences the effectiveness of the immune system's response to a pathogen. The antibiotic ceftaroline exerts immune-modulatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. AIMS AND METHODS The present study aims to assess the effects of ceftaroline on TLR2 and TLR4 expression, LPS binding and TNF-α and human beta defensin (HBD2) release in an undifferentiated and PMA-differentiated human monocyte cell line (THP-1) exposed or not to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE). TLR2, TLR4, and LPS binding were assessed by flow cytometry, TNF-α and HBD2 release were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS The constitutive expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and LPS binding were higher in differentiated compared to undifferentiated THP-1 cells. In undifferentiated THP-1 cells, CSE increased TLR2 and TLR4 protein levels, LPS binding and TNF-α release and reduced HBD2 release and ceftaroline counteracted all these effects. In differentiated THP-1, CSE did not significantly affect TLR2 and TLR4 expression and LPS binding but reduced HBD2 release and increased TNF-α release. Ceftaroline counteracted the effects of CSE on HBD2 release in differentiated THP-1. CONCLUSION Ceftaroline counteracts the effect of CSE in immune cells by increasing the effectiveness of the innate immune system. This effect may also assist in reducing pathogen activity and recurrent exacerbations in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Cipollina
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Dino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Di Gaudio
- DiBiMeF (Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Siena L, Chiappara G, Dino P, Vitulo P, Bertani A, Saibene F, Lanata L, Gjomarkaj M. Effects of Carbocysteine and Beclomethasone on Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation Processes in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2851-2859. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Mediterranean Institute for Tranplantation and for High Specialised Therapies (ISMETT); Palermo Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- Mediterranean Institute for Tranplantation and for High Specialised Therapies (ISMETT); Palermo Italy
| | | | | | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
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15
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Bruno A, Dino P, Bonsignore MR, Battaglia S, Saibene F, Lanata L, Gjomarkaj M. Carbocysteine counteracts the effects of cigarette smoke on cell growth and on the SIRT1/FoxO3 axis in bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Gerontol 2016; 81:119-28. [PMID: 27237816 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke may accelerate cellular senescence by increasing oxidative stress. Altered proliferation and altered expression of anti-aging factors, including SIRT1 and FoxO3, characterise cellular senescence. The effects of carbocysteine on the SIRT1/FoxO3 axis and on downstream molecular mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke are largely unknown. AIMS Aim of this study was to explore whether carbocysteine modulated SIRT1/FoxO3 axis, and downstream molecular mechanisms associated to cellular senescence, in a bronchial epithelial cell line (16-HBE) exposed to cigarette smoke. METHODS 16HBE cells were stimulated with/without cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) and carbocysteine. Flow cytometry and clonogenic assay were used to assess cell proliferation; western blot analysis was used for assessing nuclear expression of SIRT1 and FoxO3. The nuclear co-localization of SIRT1 and FoxO3 was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Beta galactosidase (a senescence marker) and SIRT1 activity were assessed by specific staining and colorimetric assays, respectively. ChiP Assay and flow cytometry were used for assessing survivin gene regulation and protein expression, respectively. RESULTS CSE decreased cell proliferation, the nuclear expression of SIRT1 and FoxO3 and increased beta galactosidase staining. CSE, reduced SIRT1 activity and FoxO3 localization on survivin promoter thus increasing survivin expression. In CSE stimulated bronchial epithelial cells carbocysteine reverted these phenomena by increasing cell proliferation, and SIRT1 and FoxO3 nuclear expression, and by reducing beta galactosidase staining and survivin expression. CONCLUSIONS The study shows for the first time that carbocysteine may revert some senescence processes induced by oxidative stress due to cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Dino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M R Bonsignore
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Battaglia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - L Lanata
- Dompè Medical Affair, Milan, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Symanowski JT, Giraud Y, Dino P, Atadja P, Vogelzang N, Sharma S. Design and analysis methods for assessing drug synergy: Illustration using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor LBH589 combined with CDDP in mesothelioma (meso) cell lines. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18108 Background: LBH589 (Novartis) is an investigational agent belonging to a cinnamic hydroxamic acid class of compounds that was shown to inhibit HDAC enzyme activity. LBH589 is in phase I clinical testing and combinations with various agents are being explored in the laboratory. Common experimental designs used for in-vitro cell viability experiments to assess drug synergy in cancer cell lines include complete factorial design (CFD) and fixed dose ratio design (FRD). While CFD provides data for the entire response surface, it can result in unfeasibly large experiments and complex synergy calculations, especially when 3 or more drugs are under evaluation. We investigated the FRD and alternative analysis methods to estimate and test synergy between two or more drugs. Methods: Experiments in meso cell lines were conducted using a colorimetric MTS assay. The FRD included 4 LBH concentrations (10 to 100 nM) and 4 CDDP concentrations (.5 to 5 μM), for each drug alone and in combination at a 50:1 CDDP:LBH ratio. Data were analyzed by applying the median effect equations (Chou, Adv Enzyme Regul, 1984) to the joint modeling approach by Straetemans, Biom. J., 2005. This method provides a straightforward estimate of the combination index (CI) and a statistical test for synergy (CI values less than 1.0 indicate synergy). Results: Results showed CI values significantly less than 1 for cell lines 2052 and MSTO for low to mid effect levels. Additive results were seen in cell line 2452. IC50’s were not greatly exceeded; therefore, CI’s for higher effect levels were not estimated. Conclusions: LBH appears to be synergistic with CDDP in some meso cell lines. The FRD is an efficient method to assess drug synergy and will be used for larger experiments to study 3 drug combinations involving LBH589. We propose a straightforward analysis method based on the median effect equations that jointly models the data, providing confidence intervals and a statistical test for synergy. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Symanowski
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Y. Giraud
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - P. Dino
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - P. Atadja
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - N. Vogelzang
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - S. Sharma
- Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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Sharma S, Giraud Y, Dino P, Vogelzang N. 216 Preclinical evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitors in malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(07)70292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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