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Aung A, Cui A, Maiorino L, Amini AP, Gregory JR, Bukenya M, Zhang Y, Lee H, Cottrell CA, Morgan DM, Silva M, Suh H, Kirkpatrick JD, Amlashi P, Remba T, Froehle LM, Xiao S, Abraham W, Adams J, Love JC, Huyett P, Kwon DS, Hacohen N, Schief WR, Bhatia SN, Irvine DJ. Low protease activity in B cell follicles promotes retention of intact antigens after immunization. Science 2023; 379:eabn8934. [PMID: 36701450 PMCID: PMC10041875 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity of vaccine antigens is critical to the generation of protective antibody responses, but the impact of protease activity on vaccination in vivo is poorly understood. We characterized protease activity in lymph nodes and found that antigens were rapidly degraded in the subcapsular sinus, paracortex, and interfollicular regions, whereas low protease activity and antigen degradation rates were detected in the vicinity of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Correlated with these findings, immunization regimens designed to target antigen to FDCs led to germinal centers dominantly targeting intact antigen, whereas traditional immunizations led to much weaker responses that equally targeted the intact immunogen and antigen breakdown products. Thus, spatially compartmentalized antigen proteolysis affects humoral immunity and can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ava P. Amini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin R. Gregory
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maurice Bukenya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heya Lee
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan M. Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D. Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tanaka Remba
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leah M. Froehle
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shuhao Xiao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josetta Adams
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Huyett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dept. of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Wang C, Cui A, Bukenya M, Aung A, Pradhan D, Whittaker CA, Agarwal Y, Thomas A, Liang S, Amlashi P, Suh H, Spranger S, Hacohen N, Irvine DJ. Reprogramming NK cells and macrophages via combined antibody and cytokine therapy primes tumors for elimination by checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110021. [PMID: 34818534 PMCID: PMC8653865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments aiming to augment immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer often focus on T cell immunity, but innate immune cells may have important roles to play. Here, we demonstrate a single-dose combination treatment (termed AIP) using a pan-tumor-targeting antibody surrogate, half-life-extended interleukin-2 (IL-2), and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which primes tumors to respond to subsequent ICB and promotes rejection of large established tumors in mice. Natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages activated by AIP treatment underwent transcriptional reprogramming; rapidly killed cancer cells; governed the recruitment of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and other leukocytes; and induced normalization of the tumor vasculature, facilitating further immune infiltration. Thus, innate cell-activating therapies can initiate critical steps leading to a self-sustaining cycle of T cell priming driven by ICB. Wang et al. report an immune priming therapy based on a single dose of anti-tumor antibodies, IL-2, and anti-PD-1, which engages natural killer cells and macrophages, promotes lymphocyte recruitment and activation, and elicits vascular normalization. This priming strategy allows subsequent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to eradicate large, established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensu Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maurice Bukenya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dikshant Pradhan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayush Thomas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Liang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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