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Reina-Couto M, Roboredo-Madeira M, Pereira-Terra P, Silva-Pereira C, Martins S, Teixeira-Santos L, Pinho D, Dias A, Cordeiro G, Dias CC, Sarmento A, Tavares M, Guimarães JT, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Paiva JA, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Evaluation of urinary cysteinyl leukotrienes as biomarkers of severity and putative therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:475-491. [PMID: 36617343 PMCID: PMC9826622 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) are potent inflammation-promoting mediators, but remain scarcely explored in COVID-19. We evaluated urinary CysLT (U-CysLT) relationship with disease severity and their usefulness for prognostication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The impact on U-CysLT of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and of comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity was also assessed. METHODS Blood and spot urine were collected in "severe" (n = 26), "critically ill" (n = 17) and "critically ill on VV-ECMO" (n = 17) patients with COVID-19 at days 1-2 (admission), 3-4, 5-8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point. U-CysLT were measured by ELISA. Routine markers, prognostic scores and outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS U-CysLT did not differ between groups at admission, but significantly increased along hospitalization only in critical groups, being markedly higher in VV-ECMO patients, especially in hypertensives. U-CysLT values during the first week were positively associated with ICU and total hospital length of stay in critical groups and showed acceptable area under curve (AUC) for prediction of 30-day mortality (AUC: 0.734, p = 0.001) among all patients. CONCLUSIONS U-CysLT increase during hospitalization in critical COVID-19 patients, especially in hypertensives on VV-ECMO. U-CysLT association with severe outcomes suggests their usefulness for prognostication and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Roboredo-Madeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Pinho
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Dias
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informação e Decisão em Saúde, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sarmento
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Tavares
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Bioquímica, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Reina-Couto M, Silva-Pereira C, Pereira-Terra P, Quelhas-Santos J, Bessa J, Serrão P, Afonso J, Martins S, Dias CC, Morato M, Guimarães JT, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Paiva JA, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Endothelitis profile in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock patients: Endocan as a potential novel biomarker and putative therapeutic target. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965611. [PMID: 36035482 PMCID: PMC9407685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Inflammation-driven endothelitis seems to be a hallmark of acute heart failure (AHF) and cardiogenic shock (CS). Endocan, a soluble proteoglycan secreted by the activated endothelium, contributes to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, but has been scarcely explored in human AHF. We aimed to evaluate serum (S-Endocan) and urinary endocan (U-Endocan) profiles in AHF and CS patients and to correlate them with biomarkers/parameters of inflammation, endothelial activation, cardiovascular dysfunction and prognosis. Methods: Blood and spot urine were collected from patients with AHF (n = 23) or CS (n = 25) at days 1–2 (admission), 3-4 and 5-8 and from controls (blood donors, n = 22) at a single time point. S-Endocan, U-Endocan, serum IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (S-TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (S-ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (S-VCAM-1) and E-selectin were determined by ELISA or multiplex immunoassays. Serum C-reactive protein (S-CRP), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (P-BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin I (P-hs-trop I), lactate, urea, creatinine and urinary proteins, as well as prognostic scores (APACHE II, SAPS II) and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were also evaluated. Results: Admission S-Endocan was higher in both patient groups, with CS presenting greater values than AHF (AHF and CS vs. Controls, p < 0.001; CS vs. AHF, p < 0.01). Admission U-Endocan was only higher in CS patients (p < 0.01 vs. Controls). At admission, S-VCAM-1, S-IL-6 and S-TNF-α were also higher in both patient groups but there were no differences in S-E-selectin and S-IL-1β among the groups, nor in P-BNP, S-CRP or renal function between AHF and CS. Neither endocan nor other endothelial and inflammatory markers were reduced during hospitalization (p > 0.05). S-Endocan positively correlated with S-VCAM-1, S-IL-6, S-CRP, APACHE II and SAPS II scores and was positively associated with P-BNP in multivariate analyses. Admission S-Endocan raised in line with LVEF impairment (p = 0.008 for linear trend). Conclusion: Admission endocan significantly increases across AHF spectrum. The lack of reduction in endothelial and inflammatory markers throughout hospitalization suggests a perpetuation of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. S-Endocan appears to be a biomarker of endothelitis and a putative therapeutic target in AHF and CS, given its association with LVEF impairment and P-BNP and its positive correlation with prognostic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Janete Quelhas-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Bessa
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Serrão
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ and EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informação e Decisão em Saúde, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ and EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Bioquímica, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa Sousa,
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Reina-Couto M, Pereira-Terra P, Quelhas-Santos J, Silva-Pereira C, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Inflammation in Human Heart Failure: Major Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746494. [PMID: 34707513 PMCID: PMC8543018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction, acute HF and cardiogenic shock. Nevertheless, the results of several trials attempting anti-inflammatory strategies in HF patients have not been consistent or motivating and the clinical implementation of anti-inflammatory treatments for HF still requires larger and longer trials, as well as novel and/or more specific drugs. The present work reviews the different inflammatory mechanisms contributing to each type of HF, the major inflammatory mediators involved, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, the interleukins 1, 6, 8, 10, 18, and 33, C-reactive protein and the enzymes myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and their effects on heart function. Furthermore, several trials targeting these mediators or involving other anti-inflammatory treatments in human HF are also described and analyzed. Future therapeutic advances will likely involve tailored anti-inflammatory treatments according to the patient's inflammatory profile, as well as the development of resolution pharmacology aimed at stimulating resolution of inflammation pathways in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Janete Quelhas-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
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4
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Long S, Resende DISP, Palmeira A, Kijjoa A, Silva AMS, Tiritan ME, Pereira-Terra P, Freitas-Silva J, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Pinto E, Martins da Costa P, Sousa E, Pinto MMM. New marine-derived indolymethyl pyrazinoquinazoline alkaloids with promising antimicrobial profiles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31187-31204. [PMID: 35520644 PMCID: PMC9056383 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for novel antimicrobials is urgent. Inspired by marine alkaloids, a series of indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones was prepared using a one-pot microwave-assisted multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains. Compounds 26 and 27 were the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 reference strain with MIC values of 4 μg mL−1, and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate with MIC values of 8 μg mL−1. It was possible to infer that enantiomer (−)-26 was responsible for the antibacterial activity (MIC 4 μg mL−1) while (+)-26 had no activity. Furthermore, compound (−)-26 was able to impair S. aureus biofilm production and no significant cytotoxicity towards differentiated and non-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was observed. Compounds 26, 28, and 29 showed a weak antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolate with MIC 128 μg mL−1 and presented a synergistic effect with fluconazole. Indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones were prepared using a one-pot multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Solida Long
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA - Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS) Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra PRD Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Freitas-Silva
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
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5
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Pereira-Terra P, Moura RS, Nogueira-Silva C, Correia-Pinto J. Neuroendocrine factors regulate retinoic acid receptors in normal and hypoplastic lung development. J Physiol 2015; 593:3301-11. [PMID: 26096456 DOI: 10.1113/jp270477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Retinoic acid (RA) and ghrelin levels are altered in human hypoplastic lungs when compared to healthy lungs. Although considerable data have been obtained about RA, ghrelin and bombesin in the congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) rat model, neuroendocrine factors have never been associated with the RA signalling pathway in this animal model. In this study, the interaction between neuroendocrine factors and RA was explored in the CDH rat model. The authors found that normal fetal lung explants treated with RA, bombesin and ghrelin showed an increase in lung growth. Hypoplastic lungs presented higher expression levels of the RA receptors α and γ. Moreover bombesin and ghrelin supplementation, in vitro, to normal lungs increased RA receptor α/γ expression whereas administration of bombesin and ghrelin antagonists to normal and hypoplastic lungs decreased it. These data reveal for the first time that there is a link between neuroendocrine factors and RA, and that neuroendocrine factors sensitise the lung to the RA action through RA receptor modulation. ABSTRACT Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterised by a spectrum of lung hypoplasia and consequent pulmonary hypertension, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, CDH has been associated with an increase in the levels of pulmonary neuroendocrine factors, such as bombesin and ghrelin, and a decrease in the action of retinoic acid (RA). The present study aimed to elucidate the interaction between neuroendocrine factors and RA. In vitro analyses were performed on Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. Normal lung explants were treated with bombesin, ghrelin, a bombesin antagonist, a ghrelin antagonist, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), RA dissolved in DMSO, bombesin plus RA and ghrelin plus RA. Hypoplastic lung explants (nitrofen model) were cultured with bombesin, ghrelin, bombesin antagonist or ghrelin antagonist. The lung explants were analysed morphometrically, and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α, β and γ expression levels were assessed via Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry analysis of RAR was performed in normal and hypoplastic lungs 17.5 days post-conception (dpc). Compared with the controls, hypoplastic lungs exhibited significantly higher RARα/γ expression levels. Furthermore considering hypoplastic lungs, bombesin and ghrelin antagonists decreased RARα/γ expression. Normal lung explants (13.5 dpc) treated with RA, bombesin plus RA, ghrelin plus RA, bombesin or ghrelin exhibited increased lung growth. Moreover, bombesin and ghrelin increased RARα/γ expression levels, whereas the bombesin and ghrelin antagonists decreased RARα/γ expression. This study demonstrates for the first time that neuroendocrine factors function as lung growth regulators, sensitising the lung to the action of RA through up-regulation of RARα and RARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute S Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Peixoto FO, Pereira-Terra P, Moura RS, Carvalho-Dias E, Correia-Pinto J, Nogueira-Silva C. The role of ephrins-B1 and -B2 during fetal rat lung development. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 35:104-15. [PMID: 25547331 DOI: 10.1159/000369679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/ AIMS: The knowledge of the molecular network that governs fetal lung branching is an essential step towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets against pulmonary pathologies. Lung consists of two highly branched systems: airways and vasculature. Ephrins and its receptors, Eph, have been implicated in cardiovascular development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This study aims to clarify the role of these factors during lung morphogenesis. METHODS Ephrins-B1, -B2 and receptor EphB4 expression pattern was assessed in fetal rat lungs between 15.5 and 21.5 days post-conception, by immunohistochemistry. Fetal rat lungs were harvested at 13.5 dpc, cultured during 4 days and treated with increasing doses of ephrins-B1 and -B2 and the activity of key signaling pathways was assessed. RESULTS Ephrin-B1 presents mesenchymal expression, whereas ephrin-B2 and its receptor EphB4 were expressed by the epithelium. Both ephrins stimulated pulmonary branching. Moreover, while ephrin-B1 did not affect the pathways studied, ephrin-B2 supplementation decreased activity of JNK, ERK and STAT. This study characterizes the expression pattern of ephrins-B1, -B2 and EphB4 receptor throughout rat lung development. CONCLUSION Our data highlight a possible role of ephrins as molecular stimulators of lung morphogenesis. Moreover, it supports the idea that classical vascular factors might play a role as airway growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca O Peixoto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Raposo D, Morgado C, Pereira-Terra P, Tavares I. Nociceptive spinal cord neurons of laminae I-III exhibit oxidative stress damage during diabetic neuropathy which is prevented by early antioxidant treatment with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). Brain Res Bull 2014; 110:68-75. [PMID: 25522867 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord neurons located in laminae I-III respond to nociceptive stimuli and participate in the transmission of painful information to the brain. In the present study we evaluated if nociceptive laminae I-III neurons are affected by oxidative stress damage in a model of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (STZ rat). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of a preventive antioxidant treatment with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) in nociceptive neuronal activation and behavioural signs of DNP. Three days after diabetes induction, a treatment protocol of STZ rats with an aqueous solution of EGCG in the drinking water was initiated. Ten weeks after the onset of treatment, the spinal cords were immunoreacted against validated markers of oxidative stress damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8-OHdG) and of nociceptive neuronal activation (Fos). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed before and after EGCG treatment. Untreated STZ rats presented increased levels of 8-OHdG immunoreaction, higher numbers of Fos-immunoreacted neurons and high levels of co-localization of 8-OHdG and Fos in laminae I-III. Treatment with EGCG normalized the increase of the above mentioned parameters and ameliorated mechanical hypersensitivity. The present study shows that nociceptive neurons in spinal cord laminae I-III exhibit oxidative stress damage during diabetic neuropathy, which probably affects ascending pain transmission during DNP. The neurobiological mechanisms and translational perspectives of the beneficial effects of a preventive and sustained EGCG treatment in DNP need to be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raposo
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - C Morgado
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - P Pereira-Terra
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - I Tavares
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Morgado C, Silva L, Pereira-Terra P, Tavares I. Corrigendum to “Changes in serotoninergic and noradrenergic descending pain pathways during painful diabetic neuropathy: The preventive action of IGF1” [Neurobiol. Dis. 43/1 (2011) 275–284]. Neurobiol Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of antioxidant treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats with α-lipoic acid (α-LA) in neuronal and microglial activation at the spinal cord, an important relay station of nociceptive transmission. Because of the role of the potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in neuronal activation at the spinal cord and the influence of microglia in KCC2 expression, we also evaluated the effects of α-LA in KCC2 expression at the spinal cord. METHODS Four weeks after STZ injection, the rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of α-LA (100 mg/kg), during 2 weeks. Mechanical nociception was evaluated before and after α-LA treatment. Spinal cords were immunoreacted against 8-OH-dG (marker of oxidative stress damage), Fos (marker of neuronal activation) and CD11b (marker of microglia). KCC2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with α-LA decreased the 8-OH-dG and Fos expressions to controls' levels, but did not affect CD11b. Treatment with α-LA alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia and partially corrected KCC2 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that neuronal hyperactivity at the spinal cord of STZ-diabetic rats can be corrected by α-LA, which may account for alleviation of mechanical hyperalgesia. These effects are probably partially mediated by KCC2, but are independent from microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morgado
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Faculty of Medicine of Porto and IBMC, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Morgado C, Silva L, Pereira-Terra P, Tavares I. Changes in serotoninergic and noradrenergic descending pain pathways during painful diabetic neuropathy: the preventive action of IGF1. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:275-84. [PMID: 21515376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) induces neuronal hyperactivity at the spinal cord and periaqueductal gray (PAG), a key area in descending nociceptive modulation. Since the PAG uses relay stations at serotoninergic and noradrenergic brainstem areas, we determined the serotonin and noradrenaline levels at the spinal cord of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and at those brainstem areas (serotoninergic rostroventromedial medulla and noradrenergic A(5) and A(7) cell groups). Since, during diabetes, the levels of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) decrease, reducing its neurotrophic effect in the brain, we also studied the effects of IGF1 treatment. One week after diabetes induction, subcutaneous injections of IGF1 (2.5mg/kg) were performed during 3 weeks. Body weights, glycemia, and mechanical nociception were weekly evaluated until the end of the study, the time when the animals were subjected to a modified formalin test to study chemical allodynia. Serotonin and noradrenaline levels were quantified by ELISA at the spinal cord, whereas at the brainstem, the quantification was performed by immunohistochemistry against, respectively, tryptophan hydroxylase (TpH) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). STZ-diabetic rats exhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and chemical allodynia, along with higher spinal levels of serotonin and noradrenaline and higher numbers of neurons expressing TpH at the RVM and TH at the A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Treatment with IGF1 prevented the behavioral signs of PDN and reversed the neuronal hyperactivity at the spinal cord and ventrolateral PAG and the neurochemical changes at the spinal cord and at the brainstem. Based on the facilitatory role of serotoninergic and noradrenergic descending modulation during chronic pain, the increased serotonin and noradrenaline innervation of the dorsal horn in STZ-diabetic rats may probably account for enhanced pain during PDN. The benefits of IGF1 in PDN are probably due to blockade of the increased peripheral input to the somatosensory system, but direct central actions cannot be discarded. The value of IGF1 in PDN treatment deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Morgado
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, IBMC, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal
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Morgado C, Pereira-Terra P, Cruz CD, Tavares I. Minocycline completely reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic rats through microglia-induced changes in the expression of the potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) at the spinal cord. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:150-9. [PMID: 21199267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM neuronal hyperactivity at the spinal cord during mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes may result from a decrease in the local expression of the potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2), which shifts the action of the neurotransmitter γ-amminobutiric acid (GABA) from inhibitory to excitatory. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spinal microglia inhibition or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) blockade on KCC2 expression, spinal neuronal activity and mechanically induced pain responses of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS four weeks after induction of diabetes, the STZ-diabetic rats received daily intrathecal injections, for 3 days, of minocycline (microglia inhibitor), TrkB/Fc (BDNF sequester) or saline. Behavioural responses to mechanical nociceptive stimulation of STZ-diabetic rats were evaluated by the Randall-Selitto test. The lumbar spinal cord was immunoreacted against the Fos protein (marker of neuronal activation) or KCC2, which was also quantified by western blotting. BDNF levels at the spinal cord were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS minocycline treatment reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia, increased Fos expression and decreased the KCC2 expression detected in STZ-diabetic rats to control levels. Treatment with TrkB/Fc was less effective, inducing moderate effects in mechanical hyperalgesia and Fos expression and only a partial correction of KCC2 expression. BDNF levels were not increased in STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrates that the microglial activation at the spinal cord contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia and spinal neuronal hyperactivity induced by diabetes, apparently by regulating the KCC2 expression. These effects do not seem to be mediated by BDNF, which is an important difference from other chronic pain conditions. New targets directed to prevent spinal microglia activation should be considered for the treatment of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morgado
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto and IBMC, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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