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Macêdo WV, Harpøth RD, Poulsen JS, de Jonge N, Fischer CH, Agneessens LM, Nielsen JL, Biller P, Rickers CK, Vergeynst L. Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge and combined wheat straw-manure. Bioresour Technol 2024; 399:130559. [PMID: 38460566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) shows promise for converting wet biomass waste into biofuel, but the resulting high-strength process water (PW) requires treatment. This study explored enhancing energy recovery by anaerobic digestion using semi-batch reactors. Co-digesting manure with HTL-PW from wheat straw-manure co-HTL yielded methane (43-49% of the chemical oxygen demand, COD) at concentrations up to 17.8 gCOD·L-1, whereas HTL-PW from sewage sludge yielded methane (43% of the COD) up to only 12.8 gCOD·L-1 and complete inhibition occurred at 17 gCOD·L-1. Microbial community shifts confirmed inhibition of methanogenic archaea, while hydrolytic-fermentative bacteria were resilient. Differences in chemical composition, particularly higher levels of N-containing heterocyclic compounds in PW of sewage sludge, likely caused the microbial inhibition. The considerable potential of combining HTL with anaerobic digestion for enhanced energy recovery from straw-manure in an agricultural context is demonstrated, yet sewage sludge HTL-PW requires more advanced approaches to deal with methanogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williane Vieira Macêdo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Rune Dall Harpøth
- Danish Technological Institute, Teknologiparken, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Struckmann Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Patrick Biller
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Leendert Vergeynst
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Macêdo WV, Schmidt JS, Jensen SB, Biller P, Vergeynst L. Is nitrification inhibition the bottleneck of integrating hydrothermal liquefaction in wastewater treatment plants? J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119046. [PMID: 37832286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge management poses challenges due to its environmental impact, varying composition, and stringent regulatory requirements. In this scenario, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for producing biofuel and extracting phosphorus from sewage sludge. However, the toxic nature of the resulting process water (HTL-PW) raises concerns about integrating HTL into conventional wastewater treatment processes. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of HTL-PW on the activity of the main microbial functions in conventional activated sludge. Upon recirculation of the HTL-PW from the excess sludge into the wastewater treatment plant, the level of COD in the influent is expected to increase by 157 mgO2⋅L-1, resulting in 44% nitrification inhibition (IC50 of 197 mg⋅L-1). However, sorption of inhibitory compounds on particles can reduce nitrification inhibition to 27% (IC50 of 253 mg⋅L-1). HTL-PW is a viable carbon source for denitrification, showing nearly as high denitrification rates as acetate and only 17% inhibition at 157 mgO2⋅L-1 COD. Under aerobic conditions, heterotrophic organic nitrogen and organic matter conversion remains unaffected up to 223 mgO2⋅L-1 COD, with COD removal higher than 94%. This study is the first to explore the full integration of HTL in wastewater treatment plants for biofuel production from the excess activated sludge. Potential nitrification inhibition is concerning, and further long-term studies are needed to fully investigate the impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williane Vieira Macêdo
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jennie Spicker Schmidt
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sara Brorson Jensen
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Biller
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Leendert Vergeynst
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Silva Thomsen LB, Anastasakis K, Biller P. Wet oxidation of aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge. Water Res 2022; 209:117863. [PMID: 34844067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process for the conversion of biomass into bio-crude oil. However, treatment of post-HTL aqueous by-products is an emerging issue towards the commercialisation of HTL technology. This study investigates the use of non-catalytic wet oxidation (WO) for the reduction of organic compounds and heat production at different temperatures (200-350 °C), residence times (RT) (2-180 min) and excess oxygen. The aqueous phase from HTL of sewage sludge is investigated, and 97.6% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 96.1% of the total organic carbon (TOC) were removed at the highest temperature and retention time. The minimum energy requirement achieved was 9.6 kWh/kg COD removed at 200 °C for 180 min, and the exothermic reactions of the process can generate 28.3% of the required heat. GC-FID and -MS analysis revealed that the degradation of different groups of organic compounds generates acetic acid as an intermediate by-product of WO, being further oxidised at temperatures higher than 300 °C. NH4+and NH3 are generated from the decomposition of nitrogenated organic compounds showing the highest concentration of 704.5 mg NH4+ /L at 350 °C after 180 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bjørn Silva Thomsen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Anastasakis
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Patrick Biller
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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Edifor SY, Nguyen QD, van Eyk P, Biller P, Lewis DM. Rheological studies of municipal sewage sludge slurries for hydrothermal liquefaction biorefinery applications. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Edifor SY, Nguyen QD, van Eyk P, Biller P, Hall T, Lewis DM. Viscosity Variation of Model Compounds during Hydrothermal Liquefaction under Subcritical Conditions of Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y. Edifor
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Quoc D. Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Philip van Eyk
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Patrick Biller
- Department of Engineering-Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Tony Hall
- Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David M. Lewis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Edifor SY, van Eyk P, Biller P, Lewis DM. The influence of feedstock characteristics on processability of biosolid slurries for conversion to renewable crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silva Thomsen LB, Carvalho PN, Dos Passos JS, Anastasakis K, Bester K, Biller P. Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge; energy considerations and fate of micropollutants during pilot scale processing. Water Res 2020; 183:116101. [PMID: 32777593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial use of sewage sludge for valorization of carbon and nutrients is of increasing interest while micropollutants in sludge are of concern to the environment and human health. This study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge in a continuous flow pilot scale reactor at conditions expected to reflect future industrial installations. The processing is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, bio-crude yields and quality. The raw sludge and post-HTL process water and solid residues were analyzed extensively for micropollutants via HPLC-MS/MS for target pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, blood pressure medicine, antidepressants, analgesics, x-ray contrast media, angiotensin II receptor blockers, immunosuppressant drugs and biocides including triazines, triazoles, carbamates, a carboxamide, an organophosphate and a cationic surfactant. The results show that a positive energy return on investment was achieved for all three HTL processing temperatures of 300, 325 and 350 °C with the most beneficial temperature identified as 325 °C. The analysis of the HTL by-products, process water and solids, indicates that HTL is indeed a suitable technology for the destruction of micropollutants. However, due to the large matrix effect of the HTL process water it can only be stated with certainty that 9 out of 30 pharmaceuticals and 5 out of 7 biocides products were destroyed successfully (over 98% removal). One compound, the antidepressant citalopram, was shown to be moderately recalcitrant at 300 °C with 87% removal and was only destroyed at temperatures ≥325 °C (>99% removal). Overall, the results suggest that HTL is a suitable technology for energy efficient and value added sewage sludge treatment enabling destruction of micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bjørn Silva Thomsen
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Juliano Souza Dos Passos
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Anastasakis
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Patrick Biller
- WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark.
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Biller P, Johannsen I, Dos Passos JS, Ottosen LDM. Primary sewage sludge filtration using biomass filter aids and subsequent hydrothermal co-liquefaction. Water Res 2018; 130:58-68. [PMID: 29197757 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for biofuel production and treatment of wastewater sludge. The current study investigates a novel utilization of biomass-assisted filtration of primary sludge to obtain high dry matter (DM) content sludge. Drastic improvements in filtration speed are achieved using different types of lignocellulosic biomass filter aids prepared via mechanical pre-treatment. The combined sludge-biomass filter cake is subsequently used as a feedstock for HTL and shows superior bio-crude yields and properties compared to their individual counterparts. The chemical energy recovery to bio-crude is increased to 75% compared to 46% for biomass and 67% for sludge on its own. The increased DM content of filter cakes (∼25%) compared to primary sludge (5%) increases the energy efficiency of HTL of primary sludge by a factor of 4.5. Introducing a biomass filteraid-HTL combination to a wastewater treatment plant would reduce the organic carbon load to treat by 62%. By combining sludge with lignocellulosic biomass the use of alkali catalyst can be avoided entirely which represents a major cost factor in HTL of lignocellulosics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Biller
- Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Ib Johannsen
- Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Biller P, Madsen RB, Klemmer M, Becker J, Iversen BB, Glasius M. Effect of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase recycling on bio-crude yields and composition. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:190-199. [PMID: 27567480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermo-chemical processing technology for the production of biofuels but produces large amounts of process water. Therefore recirculation of process water from HTL of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is investigated. Two sets of recirculation on a continuous reactor system using K2CO3 as catalyst were carried out. Following this, the process water was recirculated in batch experiments for a total of 10 rounds. To assess the effect of alkali catalyst, non-catalytic HTL process water recycling was performed with 9 recycle rounds. Both sets of experiments showed a large increase in bio-crude yields from approximately 35 to 55wt%. The water phase and bio-crude samples from all experiments were analysed via quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate their composition and build-up of organic compounds. Overall the results show an increase in HTL conversion efficiency and a lower volume, more concentrated aqueous by-product following recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Biller
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - René B Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maika Klemmer
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Becker
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Biller P, Michaux L, Pauw LD, Camboni A, Mourad M, Kanaan N. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after kidney transplantation: time to adopt monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus? Acta Clin Belg 2015; 70:218-22. [PMID: 25541210 DOI: 10.1179/2295333714y.0000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a classical complication encountered after kidney transplantation, its diagnosis can still be challenging and its outcome life-threatening. Most cases are related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and occur mainly in the first year post-transplant, favoured by the seronegative EBV status of the recipient transplanted with a kidney from a seropositive donor, and strong immunosuppression. We report the case of a young kidney-pancreas transplant recipient who developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) early after transplantation, with a rapid fatal issue. We review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of PTLD with a focus on prevention.
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Elliott DC, Biller P, Ross AB, Schmidt AJ, Jones SB. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: developments from batch to continuous process. Bioresour Technol 2015; 178:147-156. [PMID: 25451780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the recent results in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass in continuous-flow processing systems. Although much has been published about batch reactor tests of biomass HTL, there is only limited information yet available on continuous-flow tests, which can provide a more reasonable basis for process design and scale-up for commercialization. High-moisture biomass feedstocks are the most likely to be used in HTL. These materials are described and results of their processing are discussed. Engineered systems for HTL are described; however, they are of limited size and do not yet approach a demonstration scale of operation. With the results available, process models have been developed, and mass and energy balances determined. From these models, process costs have been calculated and provide some optimism as to the commercial likelihood of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Elliott
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Patrick Biller
- Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew B Ross
- Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Schmidt
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susanne B Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Jazrawi C, Biller P, Ross AB, Montoya A, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS. Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biller P, Friedman C, Ross AB. Hydrothermal microwave processing of microalgae as a pre-treatment and extraction technique for bio-fuels and bio-products. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:188-195. [PMID: 23567681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are regarded as a promising source of lipids for bio-diesel production and bio-products. The current paper investigates the processing of microalgal slurries under controlled microwave irradiation. Microwave power was applied to reach temperatures of 80, 100, 120 and 140 °C at a constant residence time of 12 min. Microwave irradiation led to disruption of the algal cell walls which facilitated lipid extraction. The influence of inorganic material on microwave heating was assessed for three strains including, Nannochloropsis occulata, Chlorogloeopsis fritschii and Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea. Mass balances were calculated and showed that the amount of carbon, nitrogen and total mass recovered in the residue was highly dependent on process conditions and algae strain. Hydrothermal microwave processing (HMP) was found to be an effective pre-treatment for hydrothermal liquefaction and extraction of lipids and phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Biller
- Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Biller P, Marot L, Lambert M, Lefebvre C. Calciphylaxis: an uncommon manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism. A case report. Acta Clin Belg 2013; 67:442-4. [PMID: 23340152 DOI: 10.2143/acb.67.6.2062711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calciphylaxis is a rare disorder which mainly affects patients with end-stage renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. We report here a case of calciphylaxis in a 56-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism, a much more uncommon association. Skin biopsy revealed the characteristic pictures of the disease. Soon after parathyroidectomy, the parameters of the phosphorus-calcium metabolism normalised but the cutaneous lesions persisted for several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biller
- Division of Gengeral Internal Medicine, Saint-Luc University Hopital, Brussels, Belgium
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Biller P, Ross A, Skill S, Lea-Langton A, Balasundaram B, Hall C, Riley R, Llewellyn C. Nutrient recycling of aqueous phase for microalgae cultivation from the hydrothermal liquefaction process. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Biller P, Riley R, Ross AB. Catalytic hydrothermal processing of microalgae: decomposition and upgrading of lipids. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:4841-8. [PMID: 21295976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal processing of high lipid feedstock such as microalgae is an alternative method of oil extraction which has obvious benefits for high moisture containing biomass. A range of microalgae and lipids extracted from terrestrial oil seed have been processed at 350 °C, at pressures of 150-200 bar in water. Hydrothermal liquefaction is shown to convert the triglycerides to fatty acids and alkanes in the presence of certain heterogeneous catalysts. This investigation has compared the composition of lipids and free fatty acids from solvent extraction to those from hydrothermal processing. The initial decomposition products include free fatty acids and glycerol, and the potential for de-oxygenation using heterogeneous catalysts has been investigated. The results indicate that the bio-crude yields from the liquefaction of microalgae were increased slightly with the use of heterogeneous catalysts but the higher heating value (HHV) and the level of de-oxygenation increased, by up to 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biller
- Energy and Resources Research Institute, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Biller P, Ross AB. Potential yields and properties of oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with different biochemical content. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:215-25. [PMID: 20599375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A range of model biochemical components, microalgae and cyanobacteria with different biochemical contents have been liquefied under hydrothermal conditions at 350 °C, ∼200 bar in water, 1M Na(2)CO(3) and 1M formic acid. The model compounds include albumin and a soya protein, starch and glucose, the triglyceride from sunflower oil and two amino acids. Microalgae include Chlorella vulgaris,Nannochloropsis occulata and Porphyridium cruentum and the cyanobacteria Spirulina. The yields and product distribution obtained for each model compound have been used to predict the behaviour of microalgae with different biochemical composition and have been validated using microalgae and cyanobacteria. Broad agreement is reached between predictive yields and actual yields for the microalgae based on their biochemical composition. The yields of bio-crude are 5-25 wt.% higher than the lipid content of the algae depending upon biochemical composition. The yields of bio-crude follow the trend lipids>proteins>carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biller
- Energy and Resources Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Biller P, Petruccione F. Dynamics of sine-Gordon solitons under random perturbations: Weak additive large-scale white noise. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:2139-2144. [PMID: 9993946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Petruccione F, Biller P. Dynamics of sine-Gordon solitons under random perturbations: Multiplicative large-scale white noise. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:2145-2149. [PMID: 9993947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Biller P, Petruccione F. Rheological properties of polymer dumbbell models with configuration‐dependent anisotropic friction. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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