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Mautner L, Baillie CK, Herold HM, Volkwein W, Guertler P, Eberle U, Ackermann N, Sing A, Pavlovic M, Goerlich O, Busch U, Wassill L, Huber I, Baiker A. Rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Virol J 2020; 17:160. [PMID: 33087160 PMCID: PMC7576985 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fast, reliable and easy to handle methods are required to facilitate urgently needed point-of-care testing (POCT) in the current coronavirus pandemic. Life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread all over the world, infecting more than 33,500,000 people and killing over 1 million of them as of October 2020. Infected individuals without any symptoms might still transfer the virus to others underlining the extraordinary transmissibility of this new coronavirus. In order to identify early infections effectively, treat patients on time and control disease spreading, rapid, accurate and onsite testing methods are urgently required. Results Here we report the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based method to detect SARS-CoV-2 genes ORF8 and N directly from pharyngeal swab samples. The established reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) assay detects SARS-CoV-2 directly from pharyngeal swab samples without previous time-consuming and laborious RNA extraction. The assay is sensitive and highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 detection, showing no cross reactivity when tested on 20 other respiratory pathogens. The assay is 12 times faster and 10 times cheaper than routine reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction, depending on the assay used.
Conclusion The fast and easy to handle RT-LAMP assay amplifying specifically the genomic regions ORF8 and N of SARS-CoV-2 is ideally suited for POCT at e.g. railway stations, airports or hospitals. Given the current pandemic situation, rapid, cost efficient and onsite methods like the here presented RT-LAMP assay are urgently needed to contain the viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Mautner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Christin-Kirsty Baillie
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Heike Marie Herold
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfram Volkwein
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Guertler
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Eberle
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Ackermann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Sing
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Pavlovic
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ottmar Goerlich
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Lars Wassill
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
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Köppel R, Ledermann R, van Velsen F, Ganeshan A, Guertler P. Duplex digital droplet PCR for the determination of apricot kernels in marzipan. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guertler P, Grohmann L, Naumann H, Pavlovic M, Busch U. Corrigendum to "Development of event-specific qPCR detection methods for genetically modified alfalfa events J101, J163 and KK179" [Biomol. Detect. Quantif. 17 (March) (2019) 100076]. Biomol Detect Quantif 2019; 17:100088. [PMID: 31194052 PMCID: PMC6547942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2019.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2018.12.001.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Guertler
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lutz Grohmann
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstrasse 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Naumann
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute, Dresdenstr. 2, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Pavlovic
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Guertler P, Grohmann L, Naumann H, Pavlovic M, Busch U. Development of event-specific qPCR detection methods for genetically modified alfalfa events J101, J163 and KK179. Biomol Detect Quantif 2019; 17:100076. [PMID: 30984566 PMCID: PMC6446038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified alfalfa is authorized for cultivation in several countries since 2005. On the other hand, cultivation in or export to the European Union is not allowed and thus neither certified reference material nor official event-specific detection methods are available. Therefore, based on patent sequence information, event-specific real-time PCR detection methods targeting the junction sequence of the alfalfa genome and the transgenic insert of the respective events J101, J163 and KK179 were developed. Newly developed plasmids were used as reference material for assay optimization and in-house validation. Plasmid standards were quantified using digital droplet PCR and LOD95%, PCR efficiency, robustness and specificity of the assays were determined using real-time PCR. A LOD95% of 10 copies per PCR reaction was observed and PCR efficiencies of 95-97 % were achieved. Different real-time PCR instruments and PCR conditions were applied to test for robustness of the assays using DNA at a concentration of 30 copies per μL for each gm alfalfa event. All replicates were positive independent of the instrument or the PCR condition. DNA from certified reference material of different genetically modified crops as well as reference materials of the three events was used to experimentally test for specificity. No unspecific amplification signal was observed for any of the assays. Validation results were in line with the "Minimum Performance Requirements for Analytical Methods of GMO Testing" of the European Network of GMO Laboratories. Furthermore, an inter-laboratory comparison study was conducted to show the transferability and applicability of the methods and to verify the assay performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Guertler
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Grohmann
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstrasse 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Naumann
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute, Dresdenstr. 2, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Pavlovic
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Guertler P, Pecoraro S, Naumann H, Busch U. Development of a new qPCR method for specific detection and quantification of genetically modified maize MON863. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guertler P, Krebs S, Blum H, Busch U. Anwendung der Next Generation Sequencing Technologie in der GVO-Analytik. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-016-1077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grohmann L, Belter A, Speck B, Goerlich O, Guertler P, Angers-Loustau A, Patak A. Screening for six genetically modified soybean lines by an event-specific multiplex PCR method: Collaborative trial validation of a novel approach for GMO detection. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-016-1056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Castillo-Ramírez S, Fingerle V, Jungnick S, Straubinger RK, Krebs S, Blum H, Meinel DM, Hofmann H, Guertler P, Sing A, Margos G. Trans-Atlantic exchanges have shaped the population structure of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22794. [PMID: 26955886 PMCID: PMC4783777 DOI: 10.1038/srep22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and population structure of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), the agent of Lyme disease, remain obscure. This tick-transmitted bacterial species occurs in both North America and Europe. We sequenced 17 European isolates (representing the most frequently found sequence types in Europe) and compared these with 17 North American strains. We show that trans-Atlantic exchanges have occurred in the evolutionary history of this species and that a European origin of B. burgdorferi s.s. is marginally more likely than a USA origin. The data further suggest that some European human patients may have acquired their infection in North America. We found three distinct genetically differentiated groups: i) the outgroup species Borrelia bissettii, ii) two divergent strains from Europe, and iii) a group composed of strains from both the USA and Europe. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that different genotypes were likely to have been introduced several times into the same area. Our results demonstrate that irrespective of whether B. burgdorferi s.s. originated in Europe or the USA, later trans-Atlantic exchange(s) have occurred and have shaped the population structure of this genospecies. This study clearly shows the utility of next generation sequencing to obtain a better understanding of the phylogeography of this bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Castillo-Ramírez
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 565-A, CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - V. Fingerle
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - S. Jungnick
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - R. K. Straubinger
- LMU Munich, Department of Infection and Zoonoses, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Krebs
- LMU Munich, Gene Centre, Lafuga, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - H. Blum
- LMU Munich, Gene Centre, Lafuga, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - D. M. Meinel
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - H. Hofmann
- TU Munich, Klinik für Dermatologie and Allergologie, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - P. Guertler
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A. Sing
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - G. Margos
- National Reference Center for Borreliosis at the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maren Haase
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Patrick Guertler
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Iris Stockmar
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
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Guertler P, Harwardt A, Eichelinger A, Muschler P, Goerlich O, Busch U. Development of a CTAB buffer-based automated gDNA extraction method for the surveillance of GMO in seed. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zeitz JO, Guertler P, Pfaffl MW, Eisenreich R, Wiedemann S, Schwarz FJ. Effect of non-starch-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes as feed additive on the rumen bacterial population in non-lactating cows quantified by real-time PCR. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:1104-13. [PMID: 23216628 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of non-starch-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, added to a maize silage- and grass silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) at least 14 h before feeding, on the rumen bacterial population were investigated. Six non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows were allocated to three treatment groups using a duplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 31-day periods (29 days of adaptation and 2 days of sampling). Treatments were control TMR [69% forage and 31% concentrates on a dry matter (DM) basis] or TMR with 13.8 or 27.7 ml/kg of feed DM of Roxazyme G2 liquid with activities (U/ml enzyme preparation) of xylanase 260 000, β-glucanase 180 000 and cellulase 8000 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). The concentrations of 16S rDNA of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Treponema bryantii, and their relative percentage of total bacteria in rumen samples obtained before feeding and 3 and 7 h after feeding and from two rumen fractions were determined using real-time PCR. Sampling time had only little influence, but bacterial numbers and the composition of the population differed between the transition layer between rumen fluid and the fibre mat (fraction A) and the rumen fluid (fraction B) highlighting the importance to standardize sampling. The 16S rDNA copies of total bacteria and the six bacterial species as well as the population composition were mainly unaffected by the high levels of exogenous enzymes supplemented at all sampling times and in both rumen fractions. Occasionally, the percentages of the non-fibrolytic species P. ruminicola and A. lipolytica changed in response to enzyme supplementation. Some increases in the potential degradability of the diet and decreases in lag time which occurred collaterally indicate that other factors than changes in numbers of non-particle-associated bacteria are mainly responsible for the effects of exogenous enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Zeitz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Guertler P, Brandl C, Meyer HHD, Tichopad A. Feeding genetically modified maize (MON810) to dairy cows: comparison of gene expression pattern of markers for apoptosis, inflammation and cell cycle. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-012-0778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Guertler P, Huber I, Pecoraro S, Busch U. Development of an event-specific detection method for genetically modified rice Kefeng 6 by quantitative real-time PCR. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-011-0748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gruber H, Paul V, Guertler P, Spiekers H, Tichopad A, Meyer HHD, Muller M. Fate of Cry1Ab protein in agricultural systems under slurry management of cows fed genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) MON810: a quantitative assessment. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:7135-7144. [PMID: 21604675 DOI: 10.1021/jf200854n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to track the fate of recombinant Cry1Ab protein in a liquid manure field trial when feeding GM maize MON810 to dairy cows. A validated ELISA was applied for quantification of Cry1Ab in the agricultural chain from GM maize plants, feed, liquid manure and soil to crops grown on manured fields. Starting with 23.7 μg of Cry1Ab g(-1) dry weight GM maize material, a rapid decline of Cry1Ab levels was observed as 2.6% and 0.9% of Cry1Ab from the GM plant were detected in feed and liquid manure, respectively. Half of this residual Cry1Ab persisted during slurry storage for 25 weeks. After application to experimental fields, final degradation of Cry1Ab to below detectable levels in soil was reported. Cry1Ab exhibited a higher rate of degradation compared to total protein in the agricultural processes. Immunoblotting revealed a degradation of the 65 kDa Cry1Ab into immunoreactive fragments of lower size in all analyzed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Gruber
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
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Steinke K, Guertler P, Paul V, Wiedemann S, Ettle T, Albrecht C, Meyer HHD, Spiekers H, Schwarz FJ. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of long-term feeding of genetically modified corn (event MON810) on the performance of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:e185-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paul V, Guertler P, Wiedemann S, Meyer HHD. Degradation of Cry1Ab protein from genetically modified maize (MON810) in relation to total dietary feed proteins in dairy cow digestion. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:683-9. [PMID: 19888668 PMCID: PMC2902738 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relative degradation and fragmentation pattern of the recombinant Cry1Ab protein from genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dairy cows, a 25 months GM maize feeding study was conducted on 36 lactating Bavarian Fleckvieh cows allocated into two groups (18 cows per group) fed diets containing either GM maize MON810 or nearly isogenic non-GM maize as the respective diet components. All cows were fed a partial total mixed ration (pTMR). During the feeding trial, 8 feed (4 transgenic (T) and 4 non-transgenic (NT) pTMR) and 42 feces (26 T and 18 NT) samples from the subset of cows fed T and NT diets, and at the end of the feeding trial, digesta contents of rumen, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and cecum were collected after the slaughter of six cows of each feeding group. Samples were analyzed for Cry1Ab protein and total protein using Cry1Ab specific ELISA and bicinchoninic acid assay, respectively. Immunoblot analyses were performed to evaluate the integrity of Cry1Ab protein in feed, digesta and feces samples. A decrease to 44% in Cry1Ab protein concentration from T pTMR to the voided feces (9.40 versus 4.18 mug/g of total proteins) was recorded. Concentrations of Cry1Ab protein in GIT digesta of cows fed T diets varied between the lowest 0.38 mug/g of total proteins in abomasum to the highest 3.84 mug/g of total proteins in rumen. Immunoblot analysis revealed the extensive degradation of recombinant Cry1Ab protein into a smaller fragment of around 34 kDa in GIT. The results of the present study indicate that the recombinant Cry1Ab protein from MON810 is increasingly degraded into a small fragment during dairy cow digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paul
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350, Freising, Germany
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Guertler P, Paul V, Albrecht C, Meyer HHD. Sensitive and highly specific quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA for recording a potential transfer of novel DNA and Cry1Ab protein from feed into bovine milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1629-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Weckert E, Balewski K, Brefeld W, Brinker F, Decking W, Drube W, Franz H, Guertler P, Hahn U, Kaul O, Pflueger J, Schulte-Schrepping H, Tischer M, Schneider J. DESY plans for the upgrade of storage ring based sources for synchrotron radiation. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302088001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Moeller T, Wabnitz H, Schulz J, Laarmann T, Guertler P, Swiderski A, Laasch W. Non-linear phenomena in molecules and clusters induced by intense VUV radiation from a FEL. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302094011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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