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Bahlmann NA, Mautner L, Hoyos M, Sallard E, Berger C, Dangel A, Jönsson F, Fischer JC, Kreppel F, Zhang W, Esposito I, Bölke E, Baiker A, Ehrhardt A. In Vitro Analysis of the Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Non-VOC and four Variants of Concern on MHC-Class-I Expression on Calu-3 and Caco-2 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1348. [PMID: 37510253 PMCID: PMC10378856 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the MHC-I-pathway is key to antigen presentation to cytotoxic T-cells and, therefore, recognition by the host adaptive immune system, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 including its Variants of Concern (VOCs), influences MHC-I expression on epithelial cell surfaces as an immune evasion strategy. We conducted an in vitro time course experiment with the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. Cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 strains non-VOC/B.1.1, Alpha/B.1.1.7, Beta/B.1.351, Gamma/P.1, and Delta/B.1.617.2. At 2, 24, 48 and 72 h post-infection we performed RT-qPCR to track viral replication. Simultaneously, we performed intracellular staining with a serum of a double-vaccinated healthy adult containing a high amount of spike protein antibody. In flow cytometry experiments, we differentiated between infected (spike protein positive) and bystander (spike protein negative) cells. To compare their HLA expression levels, cells were stained extracellularly with anti-HLA-A-IgG and anti-HLA-B,C-IgG. While HLA-A expression was stable on infected Calu-3 cells for all variants, it increased to different degrees on bystander cells in samples infected with VOCs Beta, Gamma, Delta, or non-VOC over the time course analyzed. In contrast, HLA-A levels were stable in bystander Calu-3 cells in samples infected with the Alpha variant. The upregulation of MHC-I on spike protein negative bystander cells in Calu-3 cell cultures infected with Beta, Gamma, Delta, and partly non-VOC might suggest that infected cells are still capable of secreting inflammatory cytokines like type-I interferons stimulating the MHC-I expression on bystander cells. In comparison, there was no distinct effect on HLA expression level on Caco-2 cells of any of the VOCs or non-VOC. Further investigations of the full range of immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 variants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Bahlmann
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mona Hoyos
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erwan Sallard
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Carola Berger
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Jönsson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplant Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital, 40204 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Weber L, Mautner L, Hoyos M, Ehrhardt A, Baiker A, Bachmann HS. Effect of farnesyltransferase inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 32:164-166. [PMID: 36462736 PMCID: PMC9711904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to a severe pandemic situation. Treatment options are limited, and the efficacy of vaccines decreases due to mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed, and computational compound screenings are used to predict drugs quickly. One of these screenings revealed farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) as potential candidates. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 cells were treated with lonafarnib and tipifarnib and fold change viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 was measured using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, morphological changes, like CPE formation, were evaluated. Effects on Calu-3 cells were analyzed using MTT assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that the FTIs lonafarnib and tipifarnib have an effect on SARS-CoV-2 Wildtype and the Delta variant. Both FTIs dose-dependently reduced morphological changes and the formation of cytopathic effects in SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 cells. The effect of the FTIs on Omicron needs to be further elucidated because of inefficient viral replication. CONCLUSIONS The FTI lonafarnib and tipifarnib might be effective drugs against different SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mona Hoyos
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Hagen Sjard Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Jungnick S, Hobmaier B, Paravinja N, Mautner L, Hoyos M, Konrad R, Haase M, Baiker A, Eberle U, Bichler M, Treis B, Okeyo M, Streibl B, Wimmer C, Hepner S, Sprenger A, Berger C, Weise L, Dangel A, Ippisch S, Jonas W, Wildner M, Liebl B, Ackermann N, Sing A, Fingerle V. Analysis of seven SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in detecting omicron (B.1.1.529) versus delta (B.1.617.2) using cell culture supernatants and clinical specimens. Infection 2023; 51:239-245. [PMID: 35596057 PMCID: PMC9122478 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Omicron is rapidly spreading as a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC). The question whether this new variant has an impact on SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (RAT) performance is of utmost importance. To obtain an initial estimate regarding differences of RATs in detecting omicron and delta, seven commonly used SARS-CoV-2 RATs from different manufacturers were analysed using cell culture supernatants and clinical specimens. METHODS For this purpose, cell culture-expanded omicron and delta preparations were serially diluted in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and the Limit of Detection (LoD) for both VOCs was determined. Additionally, clinical specimens stored in viral transport media or saline (n = 51) were investigated to complement in vitro results with cell culture supernatants. Ct values and RNA concentrations were determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The in vitro determination of the LoD showed no obvious differences in detection of omicron and delta for the RATs examined. The LoD in this study was at a dilution level of 1:1,000 (corresponding to 3.0-5.6 × 106 RNA copies/mL) for tests I-V and at a dilution level of 1:100 (corresponding to 3.7-4.9 × 107 RNA copies/mL) for tests VI and VII. Based on clinical specimens, no obvious differences were observed between RAT positivity rates when comparing omicron to delta in this study setting. Overall positivity rates varied between manufacturers with 30-81% for omicron and 42-71% for delta. Test VII was only conducted in vitro with cell culture supernatants for feasibility reasons. In the range of Ct < 23, positivity rates were 50-100% for omicron and 67-93% for delta. CONCLUSION In this study, RATs from various manufacturers were investigated, which displayed no obvious differences in terms of analytical LoD in vitro and RAT positivity rates based on clinical samples comparing the VOCs omicron and delta. However, differences between tests produced by various manufacturers were detected. In terms of clinical samples, a focus of this study was on specimens with high virus concentrations. Further systematic, clinical and laboratory studies utilizing large datasets are urgently needed to confirm reliable performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity for all individual RATs and SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jungnick
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hobmaier
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Natali Paravinja
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mona Hoyos
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Regina Konrad
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maren Haase
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Eberle
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Magdalena Bichler
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Treis
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mercy Okeyo
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Streibl
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Clara Wimmer
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hepner
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annika Sprenger
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Carola Berger
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Laura Weise
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ippisch
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Bavarian Pandemic Warehouse, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Walter Jonas
- Bavarian State Institute of Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Wildner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,Bavarian State Institute of Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,Bavarian State Institute of Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Ackermann
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Sing
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Fingerle
- grid.414279.d0000 0001 0349 2029Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Mautner L, Hoyos M, Dangel A, Berger C, Ehrhardt A, Baiker A. Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in common cell culture models. Virol J 2022; 19:76. [PMID: 35473640 PMCID: PMC9038516 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic caused by the emerging virus SARS-CoV-2, research in the field of coronaviruses has expanded tremendously. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly acquired numerous mutations, giving rise to several Variants of Concern (VOCs) with altered epidemiological, immunological, and pathogenic properties. METHODS As cell culture models are important tools to study viruses, we investigated replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the African Green Monkey-derived Vero E6 kidney cell line and the two human cell lines Caco-2, a colon epithelial carcinoma cell line, and the airway epithelial carcinoma cell line Calu-3. We assessed viral RNA copy numbers and infectivity of viral particles in cell culture supernatants at different time points ranging from 2 to 96 h post-infection. RESULTS We here describe a systematic comparison of growth kinetics of the five SARS-CoV-2 VOCs Alpha/B.1.1.7, Beta/B.1.351, Gamma/P.1, Delta/B.1.617.2, and Omicron/B.1.1.529 and a non-VOC/B.1.1 strain on three different cell lines to provide profound information on the differential behaviour of VOCs in different cell lines for researchers worldwide. We show distinct differences in viral replication kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 non-VOC and five VOCs on the three cell culture models Vero E6, Caco-2, and Calu-3. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic comparison of all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on three different cell culture models. This data provides support for researchers worldwide in their experimental design for work on SARS-CoV-2. It is recommended to perform virus isolation and propagation on Vero E6 while infection studies or drug screening and antibody-based assays should rather be conducted on the human cell lines Caco-2 and Calu-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Mautner
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mona Hoyos
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Carola Berger
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany. .,Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany.
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5
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Jungnick S, Hobmaier B, Mautner L, Hoyos M, Haase M, Baiker A, Lahne H, Eberle U, Wimmer C, Hepner S, Sprenger A, Berger C, Dangel A, Ippisch S, Hahner S, Wildner M, Liebl B, Ackermann N, Sing A, Fingerle V. In Vitro Rapid Antigen Test Performance with the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091967. [PMID: 34576862 PMCID: PMC8465346 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are an integral part of SARS-CoV-2 containment strategies. As emerging variants of concern (VOCs) displace the initially circulating strains, it is crucial that RATs do not fail to detect these new variants. In this study, four RATs for nasal swab testing were investigated using cultured strains of B.1.1 (non-VOC), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta). Based on dilution series in cell culture medium and pooled saliva, the limit of detection of these RATs was determined in a laboratory setting. Further investigations on cross-reactivity were conducted using recombinant N-protein from seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs). RATs evaluated showed an overall comparable performance with cultured strains of the non-VOC B.1.1 and the VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. No cross-reactivity was detected with recombinant N-protein of the hCoV strains HKU1, OC43, NL63, and 229E. A continuous evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RAT performance is required, especially with regard to evolving mutations. Moreover, cross-reactivity and interference with pathogens and other substances on the test performance of RATs should be consistently investigated to ensure suitability in the context of SARS-CoV-2 containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jungnick
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Bernhard Hobmaier
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Lena Mautner
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.M.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Mona Hoyos
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.M.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Maren Haase
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.M.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Armin Baiker
- Unit of Molecular Biologic Analytics and Biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.M.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Heidi Lahne
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Ute Eberle
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Clara Wimmer
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabrina Hepner
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Annika Sprenger
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Carola Berger
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Siegfried Ippisch
- Bavarian Pandemic Warehouse, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany;
| | - Sonja Hahner
- Protein Biochemistry, Mikrogen GmbH, 82061 Neuried, Germany;
| | - Manfred Wildner
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany; (M.W.); (B.L.)
- Bavarian State Institute of Health, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany; (M.W.); (B.L.)
- Bavarian State Institute of Health, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Ackermann
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Sing
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany; (M.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Volker Fingerle
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.J.); (B.H.); (H.L.); (U.E.); (C.W.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (N.A.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+49-9131-6808-5870
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6
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Jungnick S, Hobmaier B, Mautner L, Hoyos M, Haase M, Baiker A, Lahne H, Eberle U, Wimmer C, Hepner S, Sprenger A, Berger C, Dangel A, Wildner M, Liebl B, Ackermann N, Sing A, Fingerle V. Detection of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in five SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs), Germany, March 2021. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 33890568 PMCID: PMC8063588 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.16.2100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) should not escape molecular surveillance. We investigated if SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs) could detect B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 VOCs in certain laboratory conditions. Infectious cell culture supernatants containing B.1.1.7, B.1.351 or non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 were respectively diluted both in DMEM and saliva. Dilutions were analysed with Roche, Siemens, Abbott, nal von minden and RapiGEN RATs. While further studies with appropriate real-life clinical samples are warranted, all RATs detected B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, generally comparable to non-VOC strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jungnick
- These authors contributed equally to this work.,Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hobmaier
- These authors contributed equally to this work.,Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Unit of molecular biologic analytics and biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mona Hoyos
- Unit of molecular biologic analytics and biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maren Haase
- Unit of molecular biologic analytics and biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Unit of molecular biologic analytics and biogenetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Heidi Lahne
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Eberle
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Clara Wimmer
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hepner
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annika Sprenger
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Carola Berger
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Wildner
- Bavarian State Institute of Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- Bavarian State Institute of Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Ackermann
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Sing
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Volker Fingerle
- Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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- Members of the Bavarian SARS-CoV-Public Health Laboratory Team are listed below.,Public Health Microbiology Unit, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Mautner L, Baillie CK, Herold HM, Volkwein W, Guertler P, Eberle U, Ackermann N, Sing A, Pavlovic M, Goerlich O, Busch U, Wassill L, Huber I, Baiker A. Rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Virol J 2020; 17:160. [PMID: 33087160 PMCID: PMC7576985 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fast, reliable and easy to handle methods are required to facilitate urgently needed point-of-care testing (POCT) in the current coronavirus pandemic. Life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread all over the world, infecting more than 33,500,000 people and killing over 1 million of them as of October 2020. Infected individuals without any symptoms might still transfer the virus to others underlining the extraordinary transmissibility of this new coronavirus. In order to identify early infections effectively, treat patients on time and control disease spreading, rapid, accurate and onsite testing methods are urgently required. Results Here we report the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based method to detect SARS-CoV-2 genes ORF8 and N directly from pharyngeal swab samples. The established reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) assay detects SARS-CoV-2 directly from pharyngeal swab samples without previous time-consuming and laborious RNA extraction. The assay is sensitive and highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 detection, showing no cross reactivity when tested on 20 other respiratory pathogens. The assay is 12 times faster and 10 times cheaper than routine reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction, depending on the assay used.
Conclusion The fast and easy to handle RT-LAMP assay amplifying specifically the genomic regions ORF8 and N of SARS-CoV-2 is ideally suited for POCT at e.g. railway stations, airports or hospitals. Given the current pandemic situation, rapid, cost efficient and onsite methods like the here presented RT-LAMP assay are urgently needed to contain the viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Mautner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Christin-Kirsty Baillie
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Heike Marie Herold
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfram Volkwein
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Guertler
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Eberle
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Ackermann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Sing
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Pavlovic
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ottmar Goerlich
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Lars Wassill
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
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Simmnacher K, Krach F, Schneider Y, Alecu JE, Mautner L, Klein P, Roybon L, Prots I, Xiang W, Winner B. Unique signatures of stress-induced senescent human astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113466. [PMID: 32949572 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence was recently linked to neurodegeneration and astrocytes are one of the major cell types to turn senescent under neurodegenerative conditions. Senescent astrocytes were detected in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' brains besides reactive astrocytes, yet the difference between senescent and reactive astrocytes is unclear. We aimed to characterize senescent astrocytes in comparison to reactive astrocytes and investigate differences and similarities. In a cell culture model of human fetal astrocytes, we determined a unique senescent transcriptome distinct from reactive astrocytes, which comprises dysregulated pathways. Both, senescent and reactive human astrocytes activated a proinflammatory pattern. Astrocyte senescence was at least partially depending on active mechanistic-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and DNA-damage response signaling, both drivers of senescence. To further investigate how PD and senescence connect to each other, we asked if a PD-linked environmental factor induces senescence and if senescence impairs midbrain neurons. We could show that the PD-linked pesticide rotenone causes astrocyte senescence. We further delineate, that the senescent secretome exaggerates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in midbrain neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) of PD patients with alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) locus duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Simmnacher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paulina Klein
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Kim RH, Mautner L, Henning J, Volpe R. An unusual case of thyroid carcinoma with direct extension to great veins, right heart, and pulmonary arteries. Can Med Assoc J 1966; 94:238-43. [PMID: 5902240 PMCID: PMC1935272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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