3
|
Schneider-Hohendorf T, Gerdes LA, Pignolet B, Gittelman R, Ostkamp P, Rubelt F, Raposo C, Tackenberg B, Riepenhausen M, Janoschka C, Wünsch C, Bucciarelli F, Flierl-Hecht A, Beltrán E, Kümpfel T, Anslinger K, Gross CC, Chapman H, Kaplan I, Brassat D, Wekerle H, Kerschensteiner M, Klotz L, Lünemann JD, Hohlfeld R, Liblau R, Wiendl H, Schwab N. Broader Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell receptor repertoire in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213431. [PMID: 36048016 PMCID: PMC9437111 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection precedes multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology and cross-reactive antibodies might link EBV infection to CNS autoimmunity. As an altered anti-EBV T cell reaction was suggested in MS, we queried peripheral blood T cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) repertoires of 1,395 MS patients, 887 controls, and 35 monozygotic, MS-discordant twin pairs for multimer-confirmed, viral antigen-specific TCRβ sequences. We detected more MHC-I-restricted EBV-specific TCRβ sequences in MS patients. Differences in genetics or upbringing could be excluded by validation in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS. Anti-VLA-4 treatment amplified this observation, while interferon β- or anti-CD20 treatment did not modulate EBV-specific T cell occurrence. In healthy individuals, EBV-specific CD8+ T cells were of an effector-memory phenotype in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In MS patients, cerebrospinal fluid also contained EBV-specific central-memory CD8+ T cells, suggesting recent priming. Therefore, MS is not only preceded by EBV infection, but also associated with broader EBV-specific TCR repertoires, consistent with an ongoing anti-EBV immune reaction in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patrick Ostkamp
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Tackenberg
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Philipps-University, Department of Neurology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Riepenhausen
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Wünsch
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florence Bucciarelli
- Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Flierl-Hecht
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Anslinger
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwab N, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Pignolet B, Bucciarelli F, Scandella L, Ciron J, Biotti D, Lebrun-Frenay C, Mathey G, Clavelou P, Pelletier J, Ostkamp P, Meinl I, Windhagen S, Klotz L, Gross CC, Meuth SG, Deisenhammer F, Brassat D, Wiendl H. Prospective validation of the PML risk biomarker l-selectin and influence of natalizumab extended intervals. Neurology 2019; 93:550-554. [PMID: 31439633 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schwab
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florence Bucciarelli
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lise Scandella
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jonathan Ciron
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Damien Biotti
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Lebrun-Frenay
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guillaume Mathey
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean Pelletier
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Ostkamp
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid Meinl
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Windhagen
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luisa Klotz
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catharina C Gross
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sven G Meuth
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Deisenhammer
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Brassat
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- From the Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (N.S., T.S.-H., P.O., L.K., C.C.G., S.G.M., H.W.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; CRC-SEP-Neurosciences Department (B.P., F.B., L.S., J.C., D. Biotti, D. Brassat), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CPTP-INSERM U1043-CNRS U5282-Université Toulouse III (B.P., F.B., L.S., D. Brassat), Toulouse, France; APHM (C.L.-F.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France; CHU of Nice (G.M.), Nice, France; CHU Montpied, Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (P.C.); APHM (J.P.), Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CRCSEP Marseille, France; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (I.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Clinics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; and Department of Neurology (F.G.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|