1
|
Li J, Kennedy LJ, Walker SJ, Wang H, Li JJ, Hong Z, O’Connor SP, Ye XY, Chen S, Wu S, Yoon DS, Nayeem A, Camac DM, Ramamurthy V, Morin PE, Sheriff S, Wang M, Harper TW, Golla R, Seethala R, Harrity T, Ponticiello RP, Morgan NN, Taylor JR, Zebo R, Maxwell B, Moulin F, Gordon DA, Robl JA. Discovery of Clinical Candidate BMS-823778 as an Inhibitor of Human 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD-1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1170-1174. [PMID: 30613321 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BMS-823778 (2), a 1,2,4-triazolopyridinyl-methanol derived analog, was identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) enzyme (IC50 = 2.3 nM) with >10,000-fold selectivity over 11β-HSD-2. Compound 2 exhibits robust acute pharmacodynamic effects in cynomolgus monkeys (ED50 = 0.6 mg/kg) and in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (ED50 = 34 mg/kg). Compound 2 also showed excellent inhibition in an ex vivo adipose DIO mouse model (ED50 = 5.2 mg/kg). Oral bioavailability ranges from 44% to 100% in preclinical species. Its favorable development properties, pharmacokinetics, high adipose-to-plasma concentration ratio, and preclinical pharmacology profile have prompted the evaluation of 2 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in phase 2 clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Kennedy
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steven J. Walker
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James J. Li
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Zhenqiu Hong
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Stephen P. O’Connor
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiang-yang Ye
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Shung Wu
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David S. Yoon
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Akbar Nayeem
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel M. Camac
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Vidhyashankar Ramamurthy
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Timothy W. Harper
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Rajasree Golla
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Seethala
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Thomas Harrity
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Randolph P. Ponticiello
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nathan N. Morgan
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph R. Taylor
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Rachel Zebo
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Brad Maxwell
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Frederick Moulin
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David A. Gordon
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Robl
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cole EL, Kim J, Donnelly DJ, Smith RA, Cohen D, Lafont V, Morin PE, Huang RYC, Chow PL, Hayes W, Bonacorsi S. Radiosynthesis and preclinical PET evaluation of 89Zr-nivolumab (BMS-936558) in healthy non-human primates. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5407-5414. [PMID: 28803798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, unlike traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic treatments, engages the immune system to identify cancer cells and stimulate immune responses. The Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) protein is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that seek out and destroy cancer cells. Multiple cancer types express and upregulate the Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) which bind to PD-1 as an immune escape mechanism. Nivolumab is a fully human IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for treatment of multiple cancer types. This study reports the preparation and in vivo evaluation of 89Zr labeled nivolumab in healthy non-human primates (NHP) as a preliminary study of biodistribution and clearance. The radiochemical and in vivo stabilities of the 89Zr complex were shown to be acceptable for imaging. Three naïve NHPs were intravenously injected with tracer only or tracer co-injected with nivolumab followed by co-registered by positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquired for eight days following injection. Image-derived standardized uptake values (SUV) were quantified by region of interest (ROI) analysis. Radioactivity in the spleen was significantly reduced by addition of excess nivolumab compared to the tracer only study at all imaging time points. Liver uptake of the radiotracer was consistent as a clearance organ with minimal signal from other tissues: lung, muscle, brain, heart, and kidney. The results indicate specific biodistribution to the spleen, which can be blocked by co-administration of excess nivolumab. Distribution to other organs is consistent with elimination pathways of antibodies, with primary clearance through the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Cole
- Radiochemistry Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Joonyoung Kim
- Imaging Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David J Donnelly
- Radiochemistry Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - R Adam Smith
- Imaging Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Protein Science Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Virginie Lafont
- Protein Science Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Paul E Morin
- Protein Science Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Y-C Huang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Patrick L Chow
- Imaging Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wendy Hayes
- Imaging Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Bonacorsi
- Radiochemistry Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith RA, Donnelly D, Morin PE, Lipovsek D, Gokemeijer J, Cohen D, Kim J, Pena A, Adelakun O, Wang XT, Chow P, Bonacorsi SJ, Hayes W. Abstract 871: [18F]BMS-986192 as a novel PET imaging agent for assessment of PD-L1 expression in vivo. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives Inhibition of the Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 interaction allows for potent anti-tumor activity and antibodies that disrupt this interaction have been approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types. PD-L1 expression has been investigated clinically as a potential biomarker to predict response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. BMS-986192, an Adnectin with high affinity and specificity for human PD-L1, was selected in vitro from a complex library. Here we report the discovery and first preclinical evaluation of [18F]BMS-986192 as a PET imaging agent to detect PD-L1 expression in vivo.
Methods [18F]BMS-986192 was radiolabeled via copper-free click chemistry and assessed for its ability to detect PD-L1 expression. Tracer binding to human L2987 (PD-L1+) and HT-29 (PD-L1-) xenografts as well as human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples was assessed by autoradiography (ARG). Tracer binding was compared to PD-L1 expression assessed independently with anti-PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo performance of the tracer was also assessed by PET imaging in mice bearing bilateral L2987 and HT-29 xenografts, and tracer biodistribution was further assayed in these animals ex vivo by gamma counter. Finally, initial in vivo biodistribution and radiation dosimetry was measured by PET in cynomolgus monkey.
Results ARG studies showed increased [18F]BMS-986192 total binding to PD-L1(+) L2987 xenograft compared to PD-L1(-) HT-29 xenograft tissue. Radiotracer binding was higher in all tested human NSCLC tissue samples compared to xenografts. Dose-dependent blockade was seen in all PD-L1(+) tissues co-incubated with cold BMS-986192, and binding was unaffected by co-incubation with cold non-PD-L1 binding control. Visual comparison of tracer binding aligns closely with PD-L1 IHC both spatially as well as in intensity. Preferential accumulation of [18F]BMS-986192 was noted in PD-L1(+) L2987 compared to PD-L1(-) HT-29 xenografts in tumor-bearing mice. PET studies in cynomolgus monkeys confirmed binding to PD-L1(+) tissue (e.g. spleen) with minimal nonspecific background signal exclusive of primary clearance organs. Radiation dosimetry of [18F]BMS-986192 indicates an estimated single administration dose limit of 6.2 mCi for an average human subject.
Conclusions ARG, PET studies, and ex vivo measurements in rodent and cynomolgus monkey demonstrated sensitive and specific [18F]BMS-986192 binding to PD-L1. Low background signal in cynomolgus monkey in the context of endogenous PD-L1 expression further supports the potential of this tracer for sensitive detection of PD-L1(+) lesions in vivo. Radiation dosimetry suggests that [18F]BMS-986192 can be safely administered in human trials, with estimated absorbed radiation doses well within safe parameters for human administration. [18F]BMS-986192 has potential as a sensitive PD-L1 imaging agent for same-day imaging in patients.
Citation Format: Ralph A. Smith, David Donnelly, Paul E. Morin, Dasa Lipovsek, Jochem Gokemeijer, Daniel Cohen, Joonyoung Kim, Adrienne Pena, Olufemi Adelakun, Xi-Tao Wang, Patrick Chow, Samuel J. Bonacorsi, Wendy Hayes. [18F]BMS-986192 as a novel PET imaging agent for assessment of PD-L1 expression in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 871. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-871
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye XY, Chen SY, Wu S, Yoon DS, Wang H, Hong Z, O'Connor SP, Li J, Li JJ, Kennedy LJ, Walker SJ, Nayeem A, Sheriff S, Camac DM, Ramamurthy V, Morin PE, Zebo R, Taylor JR, Morgan NN, Ponticiello RP, Harrity T, Apedo A, Golla R, Seethala R, Wang M, Harper TW, Sleczka BG, He B, Kirby M, Leahy DK, Li J, Hanson RL, Guo Z, Li YX, DiMarco JD, Scaringe R, Maxwell B, Moulin F, Barrish JC, Gordon DA, Robl JA. Discovery of Clinical Candidate 2-((2S,6S)-2-Phenyl-6-hydroxyadamantan-2-yl)-1-(3'-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)ethanone [BMS-816336], an Orally Active Novel Selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4932-4948. [PMID: 28537398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BMS-816336 (6n-2), a hydroxy-substituted adamantyl acetamide, has been identified as a novel, potent inhibitor against human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme (IC50 3.0 nM) with >10000-fold selectivity over human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). 6n-2 exhibits a robust acute pharmacodynamic effect in cynomolgus monkeys (ED50 0.12 mg/kg) and in DIO mice. It is orally bioavailable (%F ranges from 20 to 72% in preclinical species) and has a predicted pharmacokinetic profile of a high peak to trough ratio and short half-life in humans. This ADME profile met our selection criteria for once daily administration, targeting robust inhibition of 11β-HSD1 enzyme for the first 12 h period after dosing followed by an "inhibition holiday" so that the potential for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation might be mitigated. 6n-2 was found to be well-tolerated in phase 1 clinical studies and represents a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other human diseases modulated by glucocorticoid control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Ye
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Stephanie Y Chen
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Shung Wu
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David S Yoon
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhenqiu Hong
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Stephen P O'Connor
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - James J Li
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lawrence J Kennedy
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Steven J Walker
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Akbar Nayeem
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Daniel M Camac
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Vidyhashankar Ramamurthy
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Paul E Morin
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rachel Zebo
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joseph R Taylor
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Nathan N Morgan
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Randolph P Ponticiello
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Thomas Harrity
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Atsu Apedo
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rajasree Golla
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Seethala
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Timothy W Harper
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bogdan G Sleczka
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bin He
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mark Kirby
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David K Leahy
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ronald L Hanson
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - John D DiMarco
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Raymond Scaringe
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Brad Maxwell
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Frederick Moulin
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joel C Barrish
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David A Gordon
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Robl
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, §Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ∥Metabolic Diseases Biology, ⊥Lead Evaluation, #Process Chemistry, ∇Chemical Synthesis, ○Discovery Toxicology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.,Molecular Structure and Design, ¶Protein Science, +Solid State Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niemeijer ALN, Smit EF, Dongen GV, Windhorst A, Huisman MC, Hendrikse NH, Leung DK, Smith RA, Hayes W, Velasquez LM, Bonacorsi SJ, Donnelly DJ, Morin PE, Thunnissen E, Poot AJ, Vugts DJ, De Langen J. Whole body PD-1 and PD-L1 PET with 89Zr-nivolumab and 18F- BMS-986192 in pts with NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20047 Background: Tumor PD-L1 IHC relates moderately with treatment outcome following anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy in pts with NSCLC. Aim: 1. To assess safety of the PET procedures. 2. To quantify PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in tumors with 89Zirconium-labeled nivolumab (89Zr-nivo) and 18F-labeled BMS-986192 (18F-PD-L1) PET. 3. To assess intra- and inter-patient tracer uptake differences in tumors. 4. To correlate PET results with IHC and treatment outcome. Methods: NSCLC pts eligible for treatment with nivolumab were included. Pts received a dynamic and static whole body 18F-PD-L1 and a static 89Zr-nivo PET scan. A baseline tumor biopsy was required and up to two additional biopsies were allowed in case PET showed heterogeneous tumor uptake. SUVpeak was calculated for all delineable tumor lesions and related to PD-(L)1 IHC (28.8 assay) and response after 6 wks of nivolumab treatment. Results: 7 pts (5 ≥1%, 2 ≥50% and 2 negative by PD-L1 IHC) were enrolled and 11 lesions analyzed. No toxicity related to radiotracer administration was identified. Tumor uptake of both tracers was visualized in all pts. There was substantial variability among pts for 18F-PD-L1 (mean SUV 5.4, range 2.2 - 14.4) and 89Zr-nivo (mean SUV 5.0, range 1.6 - 9.7). Intra-patient tracer uptake heterogeneity was also seen: mean 2.5-fold (±0.96) and 2.3-fold (±0.86) differences between lesions for 18F-PD-L1 and 89Zr-nivo SUV, respectively. For lesions with < 50% PD-L1 IHC mean 18F-PD-L1 SUV was 3.4 (±2.9) as compared to 7.1 (±6.0) for lesions with ≥50% PD-L1 IHC (p = 0.22). For lesions with low PD-1 expression mean 89Zr-nivo SUV was 6.9 (±2.7) as compared to 8.1 (±2.0) for lesions with high PD-1 expression (p = 0.44). Five pts were evaluable for response evaluation: 1 PR, 2 SD and 2 PD with 18F-PD-L1 SUV values (most PET avid lesion) of 14.4 (PR), 2.0 and 5.4 (SD) and 6.4 and 6.6 (PD). Conclusion: 1.PET-imaging with both tracers is safe and feasible, with good tumor-to-normal tissue contrast. 2. Tumor uptake demonstrated substantial heterogeneity among pts and among tumors within the same pts. 3. Although higher 18F-PD-L1 tumor uptake was seen in pts with ≥50% tumor PD-L1 IHC and the highest 18F-PD-L1 SUV was measured in the responding pt, the dataset is still very small. Clinical trial information: 2015-004760-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Vrije Universiteit VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G.a.M.S. van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A.D. Windhorst
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc C. Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex J. Poot
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinto DJ, Smallheer JM, Corte JR, Austin EJ, Wang C, Fang T, Smith LM, Rossi KA, Rendina AR, Bozarth JM, Zhang G, Wei A, Ramamurthy V, Sheriff S, Myers JE, Morin PE, Luettgen JM, Seiffert DA, Quan ML, Wexler RR. Structure-based design of inhibitors of coagulation factor XIa with novel P1 moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1635-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Cheney DL, Bozarth JM, Metzler WJ, Morin PE, Mueller L, Newitt JA, Nirschl AH, Rendina AR, Tamura JK, Wei A, Wen X, Wurtz NR, Seiffert DA, Wexler RR, Priestley ES. Discovery of novel P1 groups for coagulation factor VIIa inhibition using fragment-based screening. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2799-808. [PMID: 25764119 DOI: 10.1021/jm501982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary, fragment-based screening approach involving protein ensemble docking and biochemical and NMR assays is described. This approach led to the discovery of several structurally diverse, neutral surrogates for cationic factor VIIa P1 groups, which are generally associated with poor pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Among the novel factor VIIa inhibitory fragments identified were aryl halides, lactams, and heterocycles. Crystallographic structures for several bound fragments were obtained, leading to the successful design of a potent factor VIIa inhibitor with a neutral lactam P1 and improved permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Cheney
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Bozarth
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra H Nirschl
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alan R Rendina
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | - Anzhi Wei
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiao Wen
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas R Wurtz
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dietmar A Seiffert
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - E Scott Priestley
- †Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iacob RE, Krystek SR, Huang RYC, Wei H, Tao L, Lin Z, Morin PE, Doyle ML, Tymiak AA, Engen JR, Chen G. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry applied to IL-23 interaction characteristics: potential impact for therapeutics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:159-69. [PMID: 25711416 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1018897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Adnectins are targeted protein therapeutics that are derived from domain III of human fibronectin and have a similar protein scaffold to antibodies. Adnectin 2 was found to bind to IL-23 and compete with the IL-23/IL-23R interaction, posing a potential protein therapeutic. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and computational methods were applied to probe the binding interactions between IL-23 and Adnectin 2 and to determine the correlation between the two orthogonal methods. This review summarizes the current structural knowledge about IL-23 and focuses on the applicability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to investigate the higher order structure of proteins, which plays an important role in the discovery of new and improved biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corte JR, Fang T, Hangeland JJ, Friends TJ, Rendina AR, Luettgen JM, Bozarth JM, Barbera FA, Rossi KA, Wei A, Ramamurthy V, Morin PE, Seiffert DA, Wexler RR, Quan ML. Pyridine and pyridinone-based factor XIa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:925-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Hangeland JJ, Friends TJ, Rossi KA, Smallheer JM, Wang C, Sun Z, Corte JR, Fang T, Wong PC, Rendina AR, Barbera FA, Bozarth JM, Luettgen JM, Watson CA, Zhang G, Wei A, Ramamurthy V, Morin PE, Bisacchi GS, Subramaniam S, Arunachalam P, Mathur A, Seiffert DA, Wexler RR, Quan ML. Phenylimidazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Coagulation Factor XIa with in Vivo Antithrombotic Activity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9915-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5010607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon J. Hangeland
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Todd J. Friends
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Karen A. Rossi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joanne M. Smallheer
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Cailan Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Zhong Sun
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James R. Corte
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tianan Fang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Pancras C. Wong
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alan R. Rendina
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Frank A. Barbera
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Bozarth
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph M. Luettgen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Carol A. Watson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anzhi Wei
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Vidhyashankar Ramamurthy
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory S. Bisacchi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Srinath Subramaniam
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Piramanayagam Arunachalam
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dietmar A. Seiffert
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mimi L. Quan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iacob RE, Chen G, Ahn J, Houel S, Wei H, Mo J, Tao L, Cohen D, Xie D, Lin Z, Morin PE, Doyle ML, Tymiak AA, Engen JR. The influence of adnectin binding on the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:2093-2102. [PMID: 25223306 PMCID: PMC4224629 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise and unambiguous elucidation and characterization of interactions between a high affinity recognition entity and its cognate protein provides important insights for the design and development of drugs with optimized properties and efficacy. In oncology, one important target protein has been shown to be the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through the development of therapeutic anticancer antibodies that are selective inhibitors of EGFR activity. More recently, smaller protein derived from the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin termed an adnectin has also been shown to inhibit EGFR in clinical studies. The mechanism of EGFR inhibition by either an adnectin or an antibody results from specific binding of the high affinity protein to the extracellular portion of EGFR (exEGFR) in a manner that prevents phosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain of the receptor and thereby blocks intracellular signaling. Here, the structural changes induced upon binding were studied by probing the solution conformations of full length exEGFR alone and bound to a cognate adnectin through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS). The effects of binding in solution were identified and compared with the structure of a bound complex determined by X-ray crystallography.ᅟ
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E. Iacob
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joomi Ahn
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA
| | | | - Hui Wei
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Biologics Manufacturing and Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zheng Lin
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L. Doyle
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Adrienne A. Tymiak
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Kennedy LJ, Wang H, Li JJ, Walker SJ, Hong Z, O’Connor SP, Nayeem A, Camac DM, Morin PE, Sheriff S, Wang M, Harper T, Golla R, Seethala R, Harrity T, Ponticiello RP, Morgan NN, Taylor JR, Zebo R, Gordon DA, Robl JA. Optimization of 1,2,4-Triazolopyridines as Inhibitors of Human 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD-1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:803-8. [PMID: 25050169 DOI: 10.1021/ml500144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small alkyl groups and spirocyclic-aromatic rings directly attached to the left side and right side of the 1,2,4-triazolopyridines (TZP), respectively, were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 1 (11β-HSD-1) enzyme. 3-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-8-cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (9f) was identified as a potent inhibitor of the 11β-HSD-1 enzyme with reduced Pregnane-X receptor (PXR) transactivation activity. The binding orientation of this TZP series was revealed by X-ray crystallography structure studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel M. Camac
- Protein Science & Structure, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Protein Science & Structure, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Protein Science & Structure, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quan ML, Wong PC, Wang C, Woerner F, Smallheer JM, Barbera FA, Bozarth JM, Brown RL, Harpel MR, Luettgen JM, Morin PE, Peterson T, Ramamurthy V, Rendina AR, Rossi KA, Watson CA, Wei A, Zhang G, Seiffert D, Wexler RR. Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Potent and Selective Factor XIa Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:955-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401670x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi L. Quan
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Pancras C. Wong
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Cailan Wang
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Francis Woerner
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joanne M. Smallheer
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Frank A. Barbera
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Bozarth
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Randi L. Brown
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mark R. Harpel
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph M. Luettgen
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tara Peterson
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Vidhyashankar Ramamurthy
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alan R. Rendina
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Karen A. Rossi
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Carol A. Watson
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anzhi Wei
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dietmar Seiffert
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Discovery Chemistry and Cardiovascular
Biology, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky
Hill Road, Pennington, New
Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gentles RG, Ding M, Bender JA, Bergstrom CP, Grant-Young K, Hewawasam P, Hudyma T, Martin S, Nickel A, Regueiro-Ren A, Tu Y, Yang Z, Yeung KS, Zheng X, Chao S, Sun JH, Beno BR, Camac DM, Chang CH, Gao M, Morin PE, Sheriff S, Tredup J, Wan J, Witmer MR, Xie D, Hanumegowda U, Knipe J, Mosure K, Santone KS, Parker DD, Zhuo X, Lemm J, Liu M, Pelosi L, Rigat K, Voss S, Wang Y, Wang YK, Colonno RJ, Gao M, Roberts SB, Gao Q, Ng A, Meanwell NA, Kadow JF. Discovery and preclinical characterization of the cyclopropylindolobenzazepine BMS-791325, a potent allosteric inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1855-79. [PMID: 24397558 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Described herein are structure-activity relationship studies that resulted in the optimization of the activity of members of a class of cyclopropyl-fused indolobenzazepine HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Subsequent iterations of analogue design and syntheses successfully addressed off-target activities, most notably human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) transactivation, and led to significant improvements in the physicochemical properties of lead compounds. Those analogues exhibiting improved solubility and membrane permeability were shown to have notably enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles. Additionally, a series of alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides was identified as being of particular interest, and from which the compound BMS-791325 (2) was found to have distinguishing antiviral, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties that resulted in its selection for clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Gentles
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Molecular Discovery Technologies, Molecular Structure & Design, §Molecular Discovery Technologies, Protein Science, ∥Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, ⊥Discovery Virology, Disease Sciences and Biologics, #Leads Discovery and Optimization, ▽Materials Science, Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu SC, Yoon D, Chin J, van Kirk K, Seethala R, Golla R, He B, Harrity T, Kunselman LK, Morgan NN, Ponticiello RP, Taylor JR, Zebo R, Harper TW, Li W, Wang M, Zhang L, Sleczka BG, Nayeem A, Sheriff S, Camac DM, Morin PE, Everlof JG, Li YX, Ferraro CA, Kieltyka K, Shou W, Vath MB, Zvyaga TA, Gordon DA, Robl JA. Discovery of 3-hydroxy-4-cyano-isoquinolines as novel, potent, and selective inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxydehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6693-8. [PMID: 21983444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Derived from the HTS hit 1, a series of hydroxyisoquinolines was discovered as potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with good cross species activity. Optimization of substituents at the 1 and 4 positions of the isoquinoline group in addition to the core modifications, with a special focus on enhancing metabolic stability and aqueous solubility, resulted in the identification of several compounds as potent advanced leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shung C Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, PO Box 5400, Hopewell, NJ 08534-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marcin LR, Higgins MA, Zusi FC, Zhang Y, Dee MF, Parker MF, Muckelbauer JK, Camac DM, Morin PE, Ramamurthy V, Tebben AJ, Lentz KA, Grace JE, Marcinkeviciene JA, Kopcho LM, Burton CR, Barten DM, Toyn JH, Meredith JE, Albright CF, Bronson JJ, Macor JE, Thompson LA. Synthesis and SAR of indole-and 7-azaindole-1,3-dicarboxamide hydroxyethylamine inhibitors of BACE-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:537-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Wang H, Ruan Z, Li JJ, Simpkins LM, Smirk RA, Wu SC, Hutchins RD, Nirschl DS, Van Kirk K, Cooper CB, Sutton JC, Ma Z, Golla R, Seethala R, Salyan MEK, Nayeem A, Krystek SR, Sheriff S, Camac DM, Morin PE, Carpenter B, Robl JA, Zahler R, Gordon DA, Hamann LG. Pyridine amides as potent and selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3168-72. [PMID: 18485702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several series of pyridine amides were identified as selective and potent 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors feature 2,6- or 3,5-disubstitution on the pyridine core. Various linkers (CH(2)SO(2), CH(2)S, CH(2)O, S, O, N, bond) between the distal aryl and central pyridyl groups are tolerated, and lipophilic amide groups are generally favored. On the distal aryl group, a number of substitutions are well tolerated. A crystal structure was obtained for a complex between 11beta-HSD1 and the most potent inhibitor in this series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qiao JX, Chang CH, Cheney DL, Morin PE, Wang GZ, King SR, Wang TC, Rendina AR, Luettgen JM, Knabb RM, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. SAR and X-ray structures of enantiopure 1,2-cis-(1R,2S)-cyclopentyldiamine and cyclohexyldiamine derivatives as inhibitors of coagulation Factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4419-27. [PMID: 17588746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the search of Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors structurally different from the pyrazole-based series, we identified a viable series of enantiopure cis-(1R,2S)-cycloalkyldiamine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of FXa. Among them, cyclohexyldiamide 7 and cyclopentyldiamide 9 were the most potent neutral compounds, and had good anticoagulant activity comparable to the pyrazole-based analogs. Crystal structures of 7-FXa and 9-FXa illustrate binding similarities and differences between the five- and the six-membered core systems, and provide rationales for the observed SAR of P1 and linker moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Qiao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kopcho LM, Ma J, Marcinkeviciene J, Lai Z, Witmer MR, Cheng J, Yanchunas J, Tredup J, Corbett M, Calambur D, Wittekind M, Paruchuri M, Kothari D, Lee G, Ganguly S, Ramamurthy V, Morin PE, Camac DM, King RW, Lasut AL, Ross OH, Hillman MC, Fish B, Shen K, Dowling RL, Kim YB, Graciani NR, Collins D, Combs AP, George H, Thompson LA, Copeland RA. Comparative studies of active site-ligand interactions among various recombinant constructs of human beta-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 410:307-16. [PMID: 12573291 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE) is the enzyme responsible for beta-site cleavage of APP, leading to the formation of the amyloid-beta peptide that is thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, BACE is an attractive pharmacological target, and numerous research groups have begun searching for potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme as a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention in AD. The mature enzyme is composed of a globular catalytic domain that is N-linked glycosylated in mammalian cells, a single transmembrane helix that anchors the enzyme to an intracellular membrane, and a short C-terminal domain that extends outside the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. Here we have compared the substrate and active site-directed inhibitor binding properties of several recombinant constructs of human BACE. The constructs studied here address the importance of catalytic domain glycosylation state, inclusion of domains other than the catalytic domain, and incorporation into a membrane bilayer on the interactions of the enzyme active site with peptidic ligands. We find no significant differences in ligand binding properties among these various constructs. These data demonstrate that the nonglycosylated, soluble catalytic domain of BACE faithfully reflects the ligand binding properties of the full-length mature enzyme in its natural membrane environment. Thus, the use of the nonglycosylated, soluble catalytic domain of BACE is appropriate for studies aimed at understanding the determinants of ligand recognition by the enzyme active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kopcho
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei ZY, Brown W, Takasaki B, Plobeck N, Delorme D, Zhou F, Yang H, Jones P, Gawell L, Gagnon H, Schmidt R, Yue SY, Walpole C, Payza K, St-Onge S, Labarre M, Godbout C, Jakob A, Butterworth J, Kamassah A, Morin PE, Projean D, Ducharme J, Roberts E. N,N-Diethyl-4-(phenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide: a novel, exceptionally selective, potent delta opioid receptor agonist with oral bioavailability and its analogues. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3895-905. [PMID: 11052794 DOI: 10.1021/jm000229p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a novel class of delta opioid receptor agonists, N, N-diethyl-4-(phenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide (6a) and its analogues, are described. These compounds, formally derived from SNC-80 (2) by replacing the piperazine ring with a piperidine ring containing an exocyclic carbon carbon double bond, were found to bind with high affinity and exhibit excellent selectivity for the delta opioid receptor as full agonists. 6a, the simplest structure in the class, exhibited an IC(50) = 0.87 nM for the delta opioid receptors and extremely high selectivity over the mu receptors (mu/delta = 4370) and the kappa receptors (kappa/delta = 8590). Rat liver microsome studies on a selected number of compounds show these olefinic piperidine compounds (6) to be considerably more stable than SNC-80. This novel series of compounds appear to interact with delta opioid receptors in a similar way to SNC-80 since they demonstrate similar SAR. Two general approaches have been established for the synthesis of these compounds, based on dehydration of benzhydryl alcohols (7) and Suzuki coupling reactions of vinyl bromide (8), and are herewith reported.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Benzamides/chemical synthesis
- Benzamides/chemistry
- Benzamides/metabolism
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Biological Availability
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mass Spectrometry
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Piperidines/chemical synthesis
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/metabolism
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thermodynamics
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wei
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, 7171 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada H4S 1Z9.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Plobeck N, Delorme D, Wei ZY, Yang H, Zhou F, Schwarz P, Gawell L, Gagnon H, Pelcman B, Schmidt R, Yue SY, Walpole C, Brown W, Zhou E, Labarre M, Payza K, St-Onge S, Kamassah A, Morin PE, Projean D, Ducharme J, Roberts E. New diarylmethylpiperazines as potent and selective nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonists with increased In vitro metabolic stability. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3878-94. [PMID: 11052793 DOI: 10.1021/jm000228x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonpeptide delta opioid agonists are analgesics with a potentially improved side-effect and abuse liability profile, compared to classical opioids. Andrews analysis of the NIH nonpeptide lead SNC-80 suggested the removal of substituents not predicted to contribute to binding. This approach led to a simplified lead, N, N-diethyl-4-[phenyl(1-piperazinyl)methyl]benzamide (1), which retained potent binding affinity and selectivity to the human delta receptor (IC(50) = 11 nM, mu/delta = 740, kappa/delta > 900) and potency as a full agonist (EC(50) = 36 nM) but had a markedly reduced molecular weight, only one chiral center, and increased in vitro metabolic stability. From this lead, the key pharmacophore groups for delta receptor affinity and activation were more clearly defined by SAR and mutagenesis studies. Further structural modifications on the basis of 1 confirmed the importance of the N, N-diethylbenzamide group and the piperazine lower basic nitrogen for delta binding, in agreement with mutagenesis data. A number of piperazine N-alkyl substituents were tolerated. In contrast, modifications of the phenyl group led to the discovery of a series of diarylmethylpiperazines exemplified by N, N-diethyl-4-[1-piperazinyl(8-quinolinyl)methyl]benzamide (56) which had an improved in vitro binding profile (IC(50) = 0.5 nM, mu/delta = 1239, EC(50) = 3.6 nM) and increased in vitro metabolic stability compared to SNC-80.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides/chemical synthesis
- Benzamides/chemistry
- Benzamides/metabolism
- Biological Availability
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mass Spectrometry
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Quinolines/chemical synthesis
- Quinolines/chemistry
- Quinolines/metabolism
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thermodynamics
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Plobeck
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, 7171 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada H4S 1Z9.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nicoll-Griffith DA, Falgueyret JP, Silva JM, Morin PE, Trimble L, Chan CC, Clas S, Leger S, Wang Z, Yergey JA, Riendeau D. Oxidative bioactivation of the lactol prodrug of a lactone cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27:403-9. [PMID: 10064573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactol derivative of a lactone cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (DFU) was evaluated in vivo and in vitro for its potential suitability as a prodrug. DFU-lactol was found to be 10 to 20 times more soluble than DFU in a variety of aqueous vehicles. After administration of DFU-lactol at 20 mg kg-1 p.o. in rats, a Cmax of 7.5 microM DFU was reached in the plasma. After oral administration, the ED50s of DFU-lactol in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and lipopolysaccharide-induced pyresis assays in rats are comparable with the ED50s observed when dosing with DFU. Incubations of DFU-lactol with rat and human hepatocytes demonstrated that the oxidation of DFU-lactol can be mediated by liver enzymes and that a competing pathway is direct glucuronidation of the DFU-lactol hydroxyl group. Assays with subcellular fractions from rat liver indicated that most of the oxidation of DFU-lactol occurs in the cytosolic fraction and requires NAD(P)+. Human liver cytosol can also support the oxidation of DFU-lactol to DFU when NAD(P)+ is added to the incubations. Fractionation of human liver cytosolic proteins showed that at least three enzymes are capable of efficiently effecting the oxidation of DFU-lactol to DFU. Incubations with commercially available dehydrogenases suggest that alcohol and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are involved in this oxidative process. These data together suggest that lactols may represent useful prodrugs for lactone-containing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Nicoll-Griffith
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire - Dorval, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Olmsted VK, Awrey DE, Koth C, Shan X, Morin PE, Kazanis S, Edwards AM, Arrowsmith CH. Yeast transcript elongation factor (TFIIS), structure and function. I: NMR structural analysis of the minimal transcriptionally active region. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:22589-94. [PMID: 9712887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.35.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIS is a general transcription elongation factor that helps arrested RNA polymerase II elongation complexes resume transcription. We have previously shown that yeast TFIIS (yTFIIS) comprises three structural domains (I-III). The three-dimensional structures of domain II and part of domain III have been previously reported, but neither domain can autonomously stimulate transcription elongation. Here we report the NMR structural analysis of residues 131-309 of yTFIIS which retains full activity and contains all of domains II and III. We confirm that the structure of domain II in the context of fully active yTFIIS is the same as that determined previously for a shorter construct. We have determined the structure of the C-terminal zinc ribbon domain of active yTFIIS and shown that it is similar to that reported for a shorter construct of human TFIIS. The region linking domain II with the zinc ribbon of domain III appears to be conformationally flexible and does not adopt a single defined tertiary structure. NMR analysis of inactive mutants of yTFIIS support a role for the linker region in interactions with the transcription elongation complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Olmsted
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Silva JM, Morin PE, Day SH, Kennedy BP, Payette P, Rushmore T, Yergey JA, Nicoll-Griffith DA. Refinement of an in vitro cell model for cytochrome P450 induction. Drug Metab Dispos 1998; 26:490-6. [PMID: 9571231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of cytochromes P450 (P450s) by drugs can lead to drug-drug interactions. Primary hepatocytes have been reported to retain inducible P450s. To optimize the use of primary hepatocytes for predicting induction of P450 (CYP 3A and 2B) expression in vivo, both culture conditions and expression of induction potentials were investigated. In rat hepatocytes, basal CYP 3A1/2 expression was better maintained in cells cultured on Matrigel compared with collagen when low concentrations of dexamethasone were used. However, CYP 3A1/2 induction was not affected by either matrix. In contrast, induction of CYP 2B1/2 by phenobarbital was markedly stronger in hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel. To further validate the in vitro model, Sprague-Dawley rats and isolated hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel were exposed to a series of compounds. In an attempt to minimize large variability between experiments, a novel approach for calculating induction potential was applied. In vitro results for CYP 3A1/2 and 2B1/2 induction correlated well with those observed in vivo. In contrast with rat hepatocytes, basal CYP 3A4 expression in human hepatocytes decreased rapidly in cells cultured on either Matrigel or collagen. However, CYP 3A4 inducibility was retained in cells cultured on either matrix. Interestingly, induction of CYP 3A4 in human hepatocytes by several model compounds did not correlate with the induction of CYP 3A1/2 in rat hepatocytes. This in vitro assay should facilitate the demand for a fast and reproducible method for addressing P450 induction by numerous compounds at the drug discovery stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Silva
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Merck Research, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morin PE, Awrey DE, Edwards AM, Arrowsmith CH. Elongation factor TFIIS contains three structural domains: solution structure of domain II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:10604-8. [PMID: 8855225 PMCID: PMC38200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II is regulated by the general elongation factor TFIIS. This factor stimulates RNA polymerase II to transcribe through regions of DNA that promote the formation of stalled ternary complexes. Limited proteolytic digestion showed that yeast TFIIS is composed of three structural domains, termed I, II, and III. The two C-terminal domains (II and III) are required for transcription activity. The structure of domain III has been solved previously by using NMR spectroscopy. Here, we report the NMR-derived structure of domain II: a three-helix bundle built around a hydrophobic core composed largely of three tyrosines protruding from one face of the C-terminal helix. The arrangement of known inactivating mutations of TFIIS suggests that two surfaces of domain II are critical for transcription activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Morin
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng X, Morin PE, Harms AC, Bruce JE, Ben-David Y, Smith RD. Mass spectrometric characterization of sequence-specific complexes of DNA and transcription factor PU.1 DNA binding domain. Anal Biochem 1996; 239:35-40. [PMID: 8660622 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been used to study the noncovalent interaction of the 13.5-kDa DNA binding domain of PU.1 (PU.1-DBD) with specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) target molecules. Mixtures of PU.1-DBD protein and wild-type target DNA sequence yielded ESI-MS spectra showing only protein-dsDNA complex ions of 1:1 stoichiometry and free dsDNA. When PU.1-DBD protein, wild type target DNA, and a mutant target DNA lacking the consensus sequence were mixed, only the 1:1 complex with the wild-type DNA was observed, consistent with gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay results, demonstrating the observation of sequence-specific protein-dsDNA complexes using ESI-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Cheng
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The disulphide folding pathway of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), especially at the two-disulphide stage, has been dissected by replacing one or two particular cysteine residues by serine. This restricts which disulphide species are possible, and the observed kinetics of disulphide-coupled folding reveal the roles of the remaining species. The results obtained confirm the kinetic roles in the original BPTI pathway of the two specific two-disulphide intermediates with non-native second disulphide bonds, (30-51, 5-14) and (30-51, 5-38). Moreover, the rates of folding through each of these intermediates are shown to account quantitatively for the rate of folding of the normal protein; therefore, essentially all the molecules refold through these two particular intermediates. They are amongst the most productive on the folding pathway, and their roles are readily explicable on the basis of their conformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Darby
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Johnson CR, Morin PE, Arrowsmith CH, Freire E. Thermodynamic analysis of the structural stability of the tetrameric oligomerization domain of p53 tumor suppressor. Biochemistry 1995; 34:5309-16. [PMID: 7727392 DOI: 10.1021/bi00016a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural stability of an amino acid fragment containing the oligomerization domain (residues 303-366) of the tumor suppressor p53 has been studied using high-precision differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Previous NMR solution structural determinations have revealed that the fragment forms a symmetric 29.8 kDa tetramer composed of a dimer of dimers (p53tet) [Lee, W., Harvey, T. S., Yin, Y., Yau, P., Litchfield, D., & Arrowsmith, C. H. (1994) Nature Struct. Biol. 1, 877-890]. Thermal unfolding of the tetramer is reversible and can be described as a two-state transition in which the folded tetramer is converted directly to unfolded monomers (N4<==>4U). According to the DSC and CD data, the population of intermediate species consisting of folded monomers or dimers is insignificant, indicating that isolated dimeric or monomeric structures have a much lower stability than the dimer and do not become populated during thermal denaturation under the conditions studied. The transition temperature of unfolding is found to be highly dependent on protein concentration and to follow the expected behavior for a tetramer that dissociates upon unfolding. Experiments conducted at pH 4.0 in 25 mM sodium acetate at a tetramer concentration of 145.8 microM have a transition temperature (Tm) of 75.3 degrees C while at 0.5 microM the value drops to 39.2 degrees C. The enthalpy change of unfolding at 60 degrees C is 26 kcal (mol of monomer)-1 with a heat capacity change of 387 cal (K.mol of monomer)-1. The stability of p53tet is dependent on pH and salt concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Johnson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters associated with the enzymatic reaction of yeast cytochrome c oxidase with its biological substrate, ferrocytochrome c, have been measured by using a titration microcalorimeter to monitor directly the rate of heat production or absorption as a function of time. This technique has allowed determination of both the energetics and the kinetics of the reaction under a variety of conditions within a single experiment. Experiments performed in buffer systems of varying ionization enthalpies allow determination of the net number of protons absorbed or released during the course of the reaction. For cytochrome c oxidase the intrinsic enthalpy of reaction was determined to be -16.5 kcal/mol with one (0.96) proton consumed for each ferrocytochrome c molecule oxidized. Activity measurements at salt concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 mM KCl in the presence of 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.40, and 0.5 mM EDTA display a biphasic dependence of the electron transferase activity upon ionic strength with a peak activity observed near 50 mM KCl. The ionic strength dependence was similar for both detergent-solubilized and membrane-reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase. Despite the large ionic strength dependence of the kinetic parameters, the enthalpy measured for the reaction was found to be independent of ionic strength. Additional experiments involving direct transfer of the enzyme from low to high salt conditions produced negligible enthalpy changes that remained constant within experimental error throughout the salt concentrations studied (0-200 mM KCl). These results indicate that the salt effect on the enzyme activity is of entropic origin and further suggest the absence of a major conformational change in the enzyme due to changes in ionic strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Morin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The thermal dependence of the structural stability of membrane-reconstituted yeast cytochrome c oxidase has been studied by using different techniques including high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, differential detergent solubility thermal gel analysis, and enzyme activity measurements. For these studies, the enzyme has been reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine (DEPC) vesicles using detergent dialysis. The phospholipid moiety affects the stability of the enzyme as judged by the dependence of the denaturation temperature on the lipid composition of the bilayer. The enzyme is more stable when reconstituted with the 18-carbon, unsaturated phospholipid (DEPC) than with the 14-carbon saturated phospholipid (DMPC). In addition, the shapes of the calorimetric transition profiles are different in the two lipid systems, indicating that not all of the subunits are affected equally by the lipid moiety. The overall enthalpy change for the enzyme denaturation is essentially the same for the two lipid reconstitutions (405 kcal/mol of protein for the DMPC and 425 kcal/mol for the DEPC-reconstituted enzyme). In both systems, the van't Hoff to calorimetric enthalpy ratios are less than 0.2, indicating that the unfolding of the enzyme cannot be represented as a two-state process. Differential detergent solubility experiments have allowed us to determine individual subunit thermal denaturation profiles. These experiments indicate that the major contributors to the main transition peak observed calorimetrically are subunits I and II and that the transition temperature of subunit III is the most affected by the phospholipid moiety. Experiments performed at different scanning rates indicate that the thermal denaturation of the enzyme is a kinetically controlled process characterized by activation energies on the order of 40 kcal/mol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Morin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | | | | |
Collapse
|