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Banoo R, Nuthakki VK, Wadje BN, Sharma A, Bharate SB. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of indole-piperidine amides as Blood-brain barrier permeable dual cholinesterase and β-secretase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116131. [PMID: 38215587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in the discovery of therapeutics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an unfathomable sporadic neurodegenerative disorder that involves multiple pathological pathways. The failure of current single-target small molecules to address AD's underlying causes has prompted interest in discovering multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) to slow down the disease's progression. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-piperidine amides as MTDLs for AD. The 5,6-dimethoxy-indole N-(2-(1-benzylpiperidine) carboxamide (23a) inhibits hAChE and hBACE-1 with IC50 values of 0.32 and 0.39 μM, respectively. The MTDL 23a is a mixed-type inhibitor of both hAChE and hBACE-1 with Ki values of 0.26 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. The MD simulation studies revealed that both AChE and BACE-1 experience minor conformational changes on binding with 23a. In the PAMPA-BBB assay, analog 23a demonstrated CNS permeability, indicating the possibility for future investigation in preclinical models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Banoo
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhagyashri N Wadje
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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Martin JS, Mackenzie CJ, Gilbert IH. Synthesis of a Series of Diaminoindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11333-11340. [PMID: 34351743 PMCID: PMC8419841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selection of 3,4-diaminoindoles were required for a recent drug discovery project. To this end, a 10-step synthesis was developed from 4-nitroindole. This synthesis was subsequently adapted and used to synthesize 3,5-; 3,6-; and 3,7-diaminoindoles from the corresponding 5-, 6-, or 7-nitroindole. These novel intermediates feature orthogonal protecting groups that allow them to be further diversified. This is the first reported synthesis of these types of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Martin
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Claire J Mackenzie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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Arya R, Paliwal S, Gupta SP, Sharma S, Madan K, Mishra A, Verma K, Chauhan N. In-silico Studies and Biological Activity of Potential BACE-1 Inhibitors. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:729-736. [PMID: 32957879 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200918151331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition causing cognitive inability and dementia. The pathological lesions and neuronal damage in the brain are caused by self-aggregated fragments of mutated Amyloidal precursor protein (APP). OBJECTIVE The controlled APP processing by inhibition of secretase is the strategy to reduce Aβ load to treat Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A QSAR study was performed on 55 Pyrrolidine based ligands as BACE-1 inhibitors with an activity magnitude greater than 4 of compounds. RESULTS In the advent of designing new BACE-1 inhibitors, the pharmacophore model with correlation (r = 0.90) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.87 was developed and validated. Further, the hits retrieved by the in-silico approach were evaluated by docking interactions. CONCLUSION Two structurally diverse compounds exhibited Asp32 and Thr232 binding with the BACE-1 receptor. The aryl-substituted carbamate compound exhibited the highest fit value and docking score. The biological activity evaluation by in-vitro assay was found to be >0.1μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arya
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Raj.), India
| | | | - Satya P Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut-250005, India
| | | | - Kirtika Madan
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Raj.), India
| | - Achal Mishra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Tech. Campus. Bhilai, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Raj.), India
| | - Neha Chauhan
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Raj.), India
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Abstract
BACE1 is a key aspartic protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein to generate of the amyloid peptide that is believed to be responsible for the Alzheimer's disease amyloid cascade. It is thus recognized as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease treatment, and large efforts have been made in the discovery of novel BACE1 inhibitors. This Review presents a systematic mining of BACE1 inhibitors based on 354 crystal structures of the BACE1 catalytic domain in complex with ligands in the Protein Data Bank. A thorough exploration on the frequency as well as the patterns of residue-ligand interactions enables us to subdivide the ligand binding pocket into 10 subsites and then identify favorable substructures of ligands for each subsite. In addition, it is found that the assembly of subsites with an 8-like shape is responsible to bind all inhibitors and four major ligand binding modes are revealed. Thus, such a systematic survey deepens our understanding of the structural requirements for establishment of BACE1-ligand interactions that determine the affinity of a ligand to BACE1, which is pivotal for structure-based lead optimization and design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangchen Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tamamura H, Kobayakawa T, Ohashi N. Introduction to Mid-size Drugs and Peptidomimetics. Mid-size Drugs Based on Peptides and Peptidomimetics 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7691-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vellasco Junior WT, Gomes CR, Vasconcelos TR, Wardell JL, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Jotani MM, Tiekink ER. Crystallographic and computational study of t-butyl N-[3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-4-(pyridin- 2-ylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]carbamate and its pyrimidin-2-yl analogue. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The crystal structure analysis of the biologically-relevant title compound (1) shows the carbonyl-O2 and amide-H atoms to be anti, and perpendicular relationships between the carbamate residue and the pyridyl ring [dihedral angle=84.60(10)°] and between the carbamate and aryl ring [74.84(11)°]; the rings are approximately co-planar [12.07(17)°]. An intramolecular hydroxyl-O–H···N(pyridyl) hydrogen bond that closes a S(7) loop is noted. Of interest is the observation that this hydrogen bond is not found in the structure of the pyrimidinyl analogue (2) which was characterised as a monohydrate, i.e. 2·H2O, in an earlier study. Density-functional theory calculations show the observed conformation in 1 is 2.0 kcal/mol more stable than the conformation where the intramolecular hydrogen bond is absent. This energy difference reduces to ca 0.5 kcal/mol in the case of 2. The differences in molecular conformations found for 1 and 2 are therefore ascribed to the dictates of overall molecular packing, in particular due to the influence of lattice water in 2·H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walcimar T. Vellasco Junior
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos, FioCruz –, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Outeiro de São João Batista, Centro, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia R.B. Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos, FioCruz –, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thatyana R.A. Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Outeiro de São João Batista, Centro, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James L. Wardell
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos, FioCruz –, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Aberdeen University of Aberdeen, AB 24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics, Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Chemical Crystallography, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Bhaumik J, Gogia G, Kirar S, Vijay L, Thakur NS, Banerjee UC, Laha JK. Bioinspired nanophotosensitizers: synthesis and characterization of porphyrin–noble metal nanoparticle conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conjugatable and compact porphyrinic photosensitizer nanoparticle conjugates were developed through rational synthesis followed by conjugation with noble metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Gitanjali Gogia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Seema Kirar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Lekshmi Vijay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Neeraj S. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
| | - Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar – 160062
- India
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Abstract
BACE1 (β-secretase, memapsin 2, Asp2) has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. BACE1 is an aspartic protease which functions in the first step of the pathway leading to the production and deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Its gene deletion showed only mild phenotypes. BACE1 inhibition has direct implications in the Alzheimer's disease pathology without largely affecting viability. However, inhibiting BACE1 selectively in vivo has presented many challenges to medicinal chemists. Since its identification in 2000, inhibitors covering many different structural classes have been designed and developed. These inhibitors can be largely classified as either peptidomimetic or non-peptidic inhibitors. Progress in these fields resulted in inhibitors that contain many targeted drug-like characteristics. In this review, we describe structure-based design strategies and evolution of a wide range of BACE1 inhibitors including compounds that have been shown to reduce brain Aβ, rescue the cognitive decline in transgenic AD mice and inhibitor drug candidates that are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hossain T, Mukherjee A, Saha A. Chemometric design to explore pharmacophore features of BACE inhibitors for controlling Alzheimer's disease. Mol BioSyst 2015; 11:549-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacophoric features of potent BACE inhibitors derived from multi-chemometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Hossain
- Department of Chemical Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Epstein O, Bryan MC, Cheng AC, Derakhchan K, Dineen TA, Hickman D, Hua Z, Human JB, Kreiman C, Marx IE, Weiss MM, Wahl RC, Wen PH, Whittington DA, Wood S, Zheng XM, Fremeau RT, White RD, Patel VF. Lead optimization and modulation of hERG activity in a series of aminooxazoline xanthene β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9796-810. [PMID: 25389560 DOI: 10.1021/jm501266w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of a series of aminooxazoline xanthene inhibitors of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is described. An early lead compound showed robust Aβ lowering activity in a rat pharmacodynamic model, but advancement was precluded by a low therapeutic window to QTc prolongation in cardiovascular models consistent with in vitro activity on the hERG ion channel. While the introduction of polar groups was effective in reducing hERG binding affinity, this came at the expense of higher than desired Pgp-mediated efflux. A balance of low Pgp efflux and hERG activity was achieved by lowering the polar surface area of the P3 substituent while retaining polarity in the P2' side chain. The introduction of a fluorine in position 4 of the xanthene ring improved BACE1 potency (5-10-fold). The combination of these optimized fragments resulted in identification of compound 40, which showed robust Aβ reduction in a rat pharmacodynamic model (78% Aβ reduction in CSF at 10 mg/kg po) and also showed acceptable cardiovascular safety in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Epstein
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani K, Mashayekhi V, Azerang P, Sardari S, Kobarfard F, Rostamizadeh K. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Novel Thiadiazolylhydrazones of 1-Substituted Indole-3-carboxaldehydes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:224-36. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali Asr Ave. Niayesh Junction; Tehran 14155-6153 Iran
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Vali Asr Ave. Niayesh Junction, Tehran 14155-6153 Iran
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
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Zou Y, Xu L, Chen W, Zhu Y, Chen T, Fu Y, Li L, Ma L, Xiong B, Wang X, Li J, He J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Li J, Shen J. Discovery of pyrazole as C-terminus of selective BACE1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:270-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mashayekhi V, Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani K, Azerang P, Sardari S, Kobarfard F. Synthesis, antimycobacterial and anticancer activity of novel indole-based thiosemicarbazones. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 44:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yuan J, Venkatraman S, Zheng Y, McKeever BM, Dillard LW, Singh SB. Structure-based design of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4156-80. [PMID: 23509904 DOI: 10.1021/jm301659n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis asserts that excess production or reduced clearance of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain initiates a sequence of events that ultimately lead to Alzheimer's disease and dementia. The Aβ hypothesis has identified BACE1 as a therapeutic target to treat Alzheimer's and led to medicinal chemistry efforts to design its inhibitors both in the pharmaceutical industry and in academia. This review summarizes two distinct categories of inhibitors designed based on conformational states of "closed" and "open" forms of the enzyme. In each category the inhibitors are classified based on the core catalytic interaction group or the aspartyl binding motif (ABM). This review covers the description of inhibitors in each ABM class with X-ray crystal structures of key compounds, their binding modes, related structure-activity data highlighting potency advances, and additional properties such as selectivity profile, P-gp efflux, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 W. Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, USA
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Velavan A, Sumathi S, Balasubramanian KK. AlMe3-Mediated Regio- and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hossain T, Islam MA, Pal R, Saha A. Exploring structural requirement and binding interactions of β-amyloid cleavage enzyme inhibitors using molecular modeling techniques. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Butini S, Brogi S, Novellino E, Campiani G, Ghosh AK, Brindisi M, Gemma S. The structural evolution of β-secretase inhibitors: a focus on the development of small-molecule inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 13:1787-807. [PMID: 23931442 PMCID: PMC6034716 DOI: 10.2174/15680266113139990137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a critical unmet need in medicine. The lack of useful treatment for AD led to an intense search for novel therapies based on the amyloid hypothesis, which states that amyloid β-42 (Aβ42) plays an early and crucial role in all cases of AD. β-Secretase (also known as BACE-1 β-site APP-cleaving enzyme, Asp-2 or memapsin-2) is an aspartyl protease representing the rate limiting step in the generation of Aβ peptide fragments, therefore it could represent an important target in the steady hunt for a disease-modifying treatment. Generally, β-secretase inhibitors are grouped into two families: peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors. However, irrespective of the class, serious challenges with respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and selectivity still remain. Discovering a small molecule inhibitor of β-secretase represents an unnerving challenge but, due to its significant potential as a therapeutic target, growing efforts in this task are evident from both academic and industrial laboratories. In this frame, the rising availability of crystal structures of β-secretase-inhibitor complexes represents an invaluable opportunity for optimization. Nevertheless, beyond the inhibitory activity, the major issue of the current research approaches is about problems associated with BBB penetration and pharmacokinetic properties. This review follows the structural evolution of the early β-secretase inhibitors and gives a snap-shot of the hottest chemical templates in the literature of the last five years, showing research progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
| | - Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena, Italy
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Gerritz SW, Zhai W, Shi S, Zhu S, Toyn JH, Meredith JE, Iben LG, Burton CR, Albright CF, Good AC, Tebben AJ, Muckelbauer JK, Camac DM, Metzler W, Cook LS, Padmanabha R, Lentz KA, Sofia MJ, Poss MA, Macor JE, Thompson LA. Acyl Guanidine Inhibitors of β-Secretase (BACE-1): Optimization of a Micromolar Hit to a Nanomolar Lead via Iterative Solid- and Solution-Phase Library Synthesis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9208-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300931y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Gerritz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Weixu Zhai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Shuhao Shi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Shirong Zhu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Jeremy H. Toyn
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Jere E. Meredith
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Lawrence G. Iben
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Catherine R. Burton
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Charles F. Albright
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Andrew C. Good
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Andrew J. Tebben
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jodi K. Muckelbauer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Daniel M. Camac
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - William Metzler
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lynda S. Cook
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Ramesh Padmanabha
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kimberley A. Lentz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael J. Sofia
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael A. Poss
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - John E. Macor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Lorin A. Thompson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research,
5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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Ramesh VV, Puranik VG, Sanjayan GJ. Carbohydrate-derived conformationally restricted bicyclic dipeptides as potential hetero foldamer building blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Roy A, Sanjayan GJ. Sugar–amino acid cyclic conjugates as novel conformationally constrained hydroxyethylamine transition-state isosteres. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:3361-3363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Rogel O, Rondeau JM, Möbitz H, Machauer R, Jacobson L, Staufenbiel M, Desrayaud S, Neumann U. Discovery of Cyclic Sulfone Hydroxyethylamines as Potent and Selective β-Site APP-Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitors: Structure-Based Design and in Vivo Reduction of Amyloid β-Peptides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3364-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300069y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Rueeger
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Lueoend
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rogel
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Jacobson
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Desrayaud
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Neumann
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Thompson LA, Shi J, Decicco CP, Tebben AJ, Olson RE, Boy KM, Guernon JM, Good AC, Liauw A, Zheng C, Copeland RA, Combs AP, Trainor GL, Camac DM, Muckelbauer JK, Lentz KA, Grace JE, Burton CR, Toyn JH, Barten DM, Marcinkeviciene J, Meredith JE, Albright CF, Macor JE. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of cyclic diaminopropane BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6909-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vellasco Junior WT, Guedes GP, Vasconcelos TRA, Vaz MGF, de Souza MVN, Krettli AU, Krettli LG, Aguiar ACC, Gomes CRB, Cunico W. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of thioetherhydroxyethylsulfonamides, potential aspartyl protease inhibitors, Part 3. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5688-93. [PMID: 21982338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel thioetherhydroxyethylsulfonamide derivatives has been synthesized from the coupling of intermediates 3-amino-4-phenyl-1-thioetherazine-butan-2-oles 6,7 with arenesulfonyl chlorides in good yields. Characterizations of products were achieved by NMR techniques and specifically for compound 8e by X-ray crystallography. Preliminary results of antimalarial activity in vitro against the Plasmodium falciparum W2 clone (chloroquine resistant and mefloquine sensitive) showed moderate activity for hydroxyethylsulfonamide 8f. In addition, none of the compounds tested showed cytotoxicity at high concentration tested against HepG2 and BGM cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walcimar T Vellasco Junior
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Centro, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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25
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Gomes CRB, Vasconcelos TRA, Vellasco WT, Wardell JL, Wardell SMSV, Tiekink ERT. tert-Butyl N-[3-hy-droxy-1-phenyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfan-yl)butan-2-yl]carbamate monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2313-4. [PMID: 22064897 PMCID: PMC3200972 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811031850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the title hydrate, C(19)H(25)N(3)O(3)S·H(2)O, the configuration at each chiral centre in the organic mol-ecule is S, with the hy-droxy and carbamate substituents being anti [O-C-C-N torsion angle = -179.3 (3)°]. The thio-pyrimidyl and carbamate residues lie to one side of the pseudo-mirror plane defined by the C(5)S backbone of the mol-ecule; this plane approximately bis-ects the benzene ring at the 1- and 4-C atoms. The dihedral angle formed between the terminal rings is 5.06 (18)°. In the crystal, supra-molecular tubes aligned along the b axis are found: these are sustained by a combination of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R. B. Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Farmanguinhos, FioCruz –, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thatyana R. A. Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/no, Centro, Niterói, 24020-141 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walcimar T. Vellasco
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Farmanguinhos, FioCruz –, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/no, Centro, Niterói, 24020-141 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James L. Wardell
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Casa Amarela, Campus de Manguinhos, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Casa Amarela, Campus de Manguinhos, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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26
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Kale SS, Chavan ST, Sabharwal SG, Puranik VG, Sanjayan GJ. Bicyclic amino acid-carbohydrate-conjugates as conformationally restricted hydroxyethylamine (HEA) transition-state isosteres. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7300-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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