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Hammers H, Plimack E, Infante J, Rini B, McDermott D, Lewis L, Voss M, Sharma P, Pal S, Razak A, Kollmannsberger C, Heng D, Spratlin J, McHenry B, Gagnier P, Amin A. Updated results from a phase I study of nivolumab (Nivo) in combination with ipilimumab (Ipi) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): The CheckMate 016 study. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hodi FS, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann KF, McDermott DF, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala SS, Shaheen M, Ernstoff MS, Minor DR, Salama AK, Taylor MH, Ott PA, Horak C, Gagnier P, Jiang J, Wolchok JD, Postow MA. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma: 2-year overall survival outcomes in a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1558-1568. [PMID: 27622997 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from phase 2 and 3 trials in patients with advanced melanoma have shown significant improvements in the proportion of patients achieving an objective response and prolonged progression-free survival with the combination of nivolumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus ipilimumab (an anti-CTLA-4 antibody) compared with ipilimumab alone. We report 2-year overall survival data from a randomised controlled trial assessing this treatment in previously untreated advanced melanoma. METHODS In this multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial (CheckMate 069) we recruited patients from 19 specialist cancer centres in two countries (France and the USA). Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with previously untreated, unresectable stage III or IV melanoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive an intravenous infusion of nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg or ipilimumab 3 mg/kg plus placebo, every 3 weeks for four doses. Subsequently, patients assigned to nivolumab plus ipilimumab received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, whereas patients allocated to ipilimumab alone received placebo every 2 weeks during this phase. Randomisation was done via an interactive voice response system with a permuted block schedule (block size of six) and stratification by BRAF mutation status. The study funder, patients, investigators, and study site staff were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint, which has been reported previously, was the proportion of patients with BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma achieving an investigator-assessed objective response. Overall survival was an exploratory endpoint and is reported in this Article. Efficacy analyses were done on the intention-to-treat population, whereas safety was assessed in all treated patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01927419, and is ongoing but no longer enrolling patients. FINDINGS Between Sept 16, 2013, and Feb 6, 2014, we screened 179 patients and enrolled 142, randomly assigning 95 patients to nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 47 to ipilimumab alone. In each treatment group, one patient no longer met the study criteria following randomisation and thus did not receive study drug. At a median follow-up of 24·5 months (IQR 9·1-25·7), 2-year overall survival was 63·8% (95% CI 53·3-72·6) for those assigned to nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 53·6% (95% CI 38·1-66·8) for those assigned to ipilimumab alone; median overall survival had not been reached in either group (hazard ratio 0·74, 95% CI 0·43-1·26; p=0·26). Treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events were reported in 51 (54%) of 94 patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with nine (20%) of 46 patients who received ipilimumab alone. The most common treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events were colitis (12 [13%] of 94 patients) and increased alanine aminotransferase (ten [11%]) in the combination group and diarrhoea (five [11%] of 46 patients) and hypophysitis (two [4%]) in the ipilimumab alone group. Serious grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 34 (36%) of 94 patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab (including colitis in ten [11%] of 94 patients, and diarrhoea in five [5%]) compared with four (9%) of 46 patients who received ipilimumab alone (including diarrhoea in two [4%] of 46 patients, colitis in one [2%], and hypophysitis in one [2%]). No new types of treatment-related adverse events or treatment-related deaths occurred in this updated analysis. INTERPRETATION Although follow-up of the patients in this study is ongoing, the results of this analysis suggest that the combination of first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab might lead to improved outcomes compared with first-line ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma. The results suggest encouraging survival outcomes with immunotherapy in this population of patients. FUNDING Bristol-Myers Squibb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David R Minor
- California Pacific Center for Melanoma Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Jiang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Postow M, Chesney J, Pavlick A, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, Linette G, Meyer N, Giguere J, Agarwala S, Shaheen M, Ernstoff M, Minor D, Salama A, Taylor M, Ott P, Jiang J, Horak C, Gagnier P, Wolchok J, Hodi FS. Abstract CT002: Initial report of overall survival rates from a randomized phase II trial evaluating the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with advanced melanoma (MEL). Clin Trials 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-ct002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hodi FS, Postow MA, Chesney JA, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann KF, McDermott DF, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala S, Shaheen MF, Ernstoff MS, Minor DR, Salama AK, Taylor MH, Ott PA, Jiang J, Gagnier P, Wolchok JD. Overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma (MEL) who discontinued treatment with nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) due to toxicity in a phase II trial (CheckMate 069). J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanjiv Agarwala
- St Luke's Cancer Center and Temple University, Bethlehem, PA
| | | | | | - David R. Minor
- California Pacific Center for Melanoma Research, San Francisco, CA
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Hodi FS, Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, Linette G, Meyer N, Giguere J, Agarwala SS, Shaheen M, Ernstoff MS, Minor DR, Salama A, Taylor MH, Rollin L, Horak C, Gagnier P, Wolchok JD. Abstract 2860: Improved clinical response in patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab combined with ipilimumab compared to ipilimumab alone. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Blockade of the immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 each results in improved overall survival in patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma using monotherapy. In a phase 1 dose-escalation study, dual inhibition of these pathways by nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity.
Methods: Treatment-naïve pts with advanced melanoma were randomized (double-blind) 2:1 to IPI 3 mg/kg combined with either NIVO 1 mg/kg (NIVO+IPI combination group) or placebo (PBO; IPI alone group) every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 4 doses, followed by NIVO 3 mg/kg or PBO, respectively, Q2W until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) in BRAF wild-type (WT) pts. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), ORR in BRAF V600 mutation-positive (MT) pts, and safety.
Results: In BRAF WT pts, ORR was 60% (43/72) in the NIVO+IPI group vs 11% (4/37) in the IPI group (P<0.0001); complete response reported in 12 (17%) and 0 pts, respectively. Median change in target lesions was 57% reduction for NIVO+IPI vs 4% increase for IPI alone. Median duration of response was not reached in either group. In BRAF WT pts, median PFS was 8.9 months for NIVO+IPI; 4.7 months for IPI (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.71; P = 0.0012). Similar results for ORR and PFS favoring the combination were observed in BRAF MT pts (Table). A higher rate of drug-related grade 3-4 adverse events was observed in the NIVO+IPI group compared to IPI (Table), leading to more frequent discontinuation. Pts who discontinued NIVO+IPI due to study drug toxicity had a 67% response rate; most continue to respond. Immune-mediated AEs were manageable by standard treatment interventions, and the majority resolved with immune-modulating medication.
Conclusion: NIVO+IPI significantly improved ORR and PFS compared to IPI alone in treatment-naïve pts with advanced melanoma, and had a manageable safety profile.
Efficacy (evaluated in all randomized patients)BRAF WTBRAF WTBRAF MTNIVO+IPIIPINIVO+IPIIPIRandomized patients, N72372310ORR,% (95% CI)59.7 (47.5-71.1)a10.8 (3.0-25.4)a43.5 (23.2-65.5)0 (0-30.8)Best overall response, n (%)Complete response12 (16.7)04 (17.4)0Partial response31 (43.1)4 (10.8)6 (26.1)0Stable disease10 (13.9)12 (32.4)5 (21.7)2 (20.0)Progressive disease10 (13.9)16 (43.2)5 (21.7)7 (70.0)Median PFS, mo (95% CI)8.9 (7.0, NE)4.7 (2.8, 5.3)7.4 (2.8, NE)2.7 (0.99, 5.4)HR, (95% CI)0.40 (0.22-0.71) P = 0.00120.33 (0.1, 0.9)bSafety (evaluated in all treated patients)Patients reporting AE, n (%)NIVO+IPI (N = 94)IPI (N = 46)Any GradeGrade 3-4Any GradeGrade 3-4Treatment-related AEs86 (91.5)48 (51.1)42 (91.3)9 (19.6)aP<0.0001; estimated odds ratio for objective response 12.23 (95% CI, 3.69-51.40)bDue to the small sample size in the BRAF MT subgroup, no P-value is provided NE = not estimable
Citation Format: F. Stephen Hodi, Michael A. Postow, Jason Chesney, Anna C. Pavlick, Caroline Robert, Kenneth Grossmann, David McDermott, Gerald Linette, Nicolas Meyer, Jeffrey Giguere, Sanjiv S. Agarwala, Montaser Shaheen, Marc S. Ernstoff, David R. Minor, April Salama, Matthew H. Taylor, Linda Rollin, Christine Horak, Paul Gagnier, Jedd D. Wolchok. Improved clinical response in patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab combined with ipilimumab compared to ipilimumab alone. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2860. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2860
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Robert
- 5Gustave, Roussy and INSERM U981, Villejuif-Paris-Sud, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David R. Minor
- 14California Pacific Center for Melanoma Research, San Francisco, CA
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Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala SS, Shaheen M, Ernstoff MS, Minor D, Salama AK, Taylor M, Ott PA, Rollin LM, Horak C, Gagnier P, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2006-17. [PMID: 25891304 PMCID: PMC5744258 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1414428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2112] [Impact Index Per Article: 234.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a phase 1 dose-escalation study, combined inhibition of T-cell checkpoint pathways by nivolumab and ipilimumab was associated with a high rate of objective response, including complete responses, among patients with advanced melanoma. METHODS In this double-blind study involving 142 patients with metastatic melanoma who had not previously received treatment, we randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive ipilimumab (3 mg per kilogram of body weight) combined with either nivolumab (1 mg per kilogram) or placebo once every 3 weeks for four doses, followed by nivolumab (3 mg per kilogram) or placebo every 2 weeks until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects. The primary end point was the rate of investigator-assessed, confirmed objective response among patients with BRAF V600 wild-type tumors. RESULTS Among patients with BRAF wild-type tumors, the rate of confirmed objective response was 61% (44 of 72 patients) in the group that received both ipilimumab and nivolumab (combination group) versus 11% (4 of 37 patients) in the group that received ipilimumab and placebo (ipilimumab-monotherapy group) (P<0.001), with complete responses reported in 16 patients (22%) in the combination group and no patients in the ipilimumab-monotherapy group. The median duration of response was not reached in either group. The median progression-free survival was not reached with the combination therapy and was 4.4 months with ipilimumab monotherapy (hazard ratio associated with combination therapy as compared with ipilimumab monotherapy for disease progression or death, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.68; P<0.001). Similar results for response rate and progression-free survival were observed in 33 patients with BRAF mutation-positive tumors. Drug-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 were reported in 54% of the patients who received the combination therapy as compared with 24% of the patients who received ipilimumab monotherapy. Select adverse events with potential immunologic causes were consistent with those in a phase 1 study, and most of these events resolved with immune-modulating medication. CONCLUSIONS The objective-response rate and the progression-free survival among patients with advanced melanoma who had not previously received treatment were significantly greater with nivolumab combined with ipilimumab than with ipilimumab monotherapy. Combination therapy had an acceptable safety profile. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01927419.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jason Chesney
- J. Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave, Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif-Paris-Sud, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc S. Ernstoff
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Minor
- California Pacific Center for Melanoma Research, San Francisco, CA
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Abernethy AP, Postow MA, Chesney JA, Grossmann KF, Taylor F, Coon C, Gilloteau I, Dastani H, Gagnier P, Robert C. Effect of nivolumab (NIVO) in combination with ipilimumab (IPI) versus IPI alone on quality of life (QoL) in patients (pts) with treatment-naïve advanced melanoma (MEL): Results of a phase II study (CheckMate 069). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.9029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Andrew Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave, Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif-Paris-Sud, France
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Hodi FS, Postow MA, Chesney JA, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann KF, McDermott DF, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala SS, Shaheen MF, Ernstoff MS, Minor DR, Salama A, Taylor MH, Ott PA, Horak CE, Gagnier P, Wolchok JD. Clinical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) receiving nivolumab (NIVO) combined with ipilimumab (IPI) vs IPI monotherapy in CheckMate 069 study. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.9004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Andrew Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave, Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif-Paris-Sud, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc S. Ernstoff
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Hammers HJ, Plimack ER, Sternberg C, McDermott DF, Larkin JMG, Ravaud A, Rini BI, Sharma P, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Gagnier P, Motzer R. CheckMate 214: A phase III, randomized, open-label study of nivolumab combined with ipilimumab versus sunitinib monotherapy in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Hammers
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian I. Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Robert Motzer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Hammers HJ, Plimack ER, Infante JR, Rini BI, McDermott DF, Ernstoff M, Voss MH, Sharma P, Pal SK, Razak ARA, Kollmannsberger CK, Heng DYC, Spratlin JL, Shen Y, Gagnier P, Amin A. Expanded cohort results from CheckMate 016: A phase I study of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Hammers
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Brian I. Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Marc Ernstoff
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Padmanee Sharma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Shen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - Asim Amin
- Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
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Hammers H, Plimack E, Infante J, Ernstoff M, Rini B, McDermott D, Razak A, Pal S, Voss M, Sharma P, Kollmannsberger C, Heng D, Shen Y, Kurland J, Spratlin J, Gagnier P, Amin A. Phase I Study of Nivolumab in Combination with Ipilimumab in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu342.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Amin A, Plimack E, Infante J, Ernstoff M, Rini B, McDermott D, Knox J, Pal S, Voss M, Sharma P, Kollmannsberger C, Heng D, Spratlin J, Shen Y, Kurland J, Gagnier P, Hammers H. Nivolumab (N) (Anti-Pd-1; Bms-936558, Ono-4538) in Combination with Sunitinib (S) or Pazopanib (P) in Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu342.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kwon ED, Drake CG, Scher HI, Fizazi K, Bossi A, van den Eertwegh AJM, Krainer M, Houede N, Santos R, Mahammedi H, Ng S, Maio M, Franke FA, Sundar S, Agarwal N, Bergman AM, Ciuleanu TE, Korbenfeld E, Sengeløv L, Hansen S, Logothetis C, Beer TM, McHenry MB, Gagnier P, Liu D, Gerritsen WR. Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:700-12. [PMID: 24831977 PMCID: PMC4418935 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1092] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 to enhance antitumour immunity. Our aim was to assess the use of ipilimumab after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy. METHODS We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in which men with at least one bone metastasis from castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel treatment were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive bone-directed radiotherapy (8 Gy in one fraction) followed by either ipilimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo every 3 weeks for up to four doses. Non-progressing patients could continue to receive ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg or placebo as maintenance therapy every 3 months until disease progression, unacceptable toxic effect, or death. Patients were randomly assigned to either treatment group via a minimisation algorithm, and stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, alkaline phosphatase concentration, haemoglobin concentration, and investigator site. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was overall survival, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00861614. FINDINGS From May 26, 2009, to Feb 15, 2012, 799 patients were randomly assigned (399 to ipilimumab and 400 to placebo), all of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Median overall survival was 11·2 months (95% CI 9·5-12·7) with ipilimumab and 10·0 months (8·3-11·0) with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 0·72-1·00; p=0·053). However, the assessment of the proportional hazards assumption showed that it was violated (p=0·0031). A piecewise hazard model showed that the HR changed over time: the HR for 0-5 months was 1·46 (95% CI 1·10-1·95), for 5-12 months was 0·65 (0·50-0·85), and beyond 12 months was 0·60 (0·43-0·86). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were immune-related, occurring in 101 (26%) patients in the ipilimumab group and 11 (3%) of patients in the placebo group. The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events included diarrhoea (64 [16%] of 393 patients in the ipilimumab group vs seven [2%] of 396 in the placebo group), fatigue (40 [11%] vs 35 [9%]), anaemia (40 [10%] vs 43 [11%]), and colitis (18 [5%] vs 0). Four (1%) deaths occurred because of toxic effects of the study drug, all in the ipilimumab group. INTERPRETATION Although there was no significant difference between the ipilimumab group and the placebo group in terms of overall survival in the primary analysis, there were signs of activity with the drug that warrant further investigation. FUNDING Bristol-Myers Squibb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene D Kwon
- Departments of Urology and Immunology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Michael Krainer
- Vienna General Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Houede
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; CHU Caremeau, Nimes, France
| | | | | | - Siobhan Ng
- St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Michele Maio
- University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tudor E Ciuleanu
- Institute of Oncology Ion Chiricuta and University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz M Beer
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - David Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
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Hammers HJ, Plimack ER, Infante JR, Ernstoff MS, Rini BI, McDermott DF, Razak ARA, Pal SK, Voss MH, Sharma P, Kollmannsberger CK, Heng DYC, Spratlin JL, Shen Y, Kurland JF, Gagnier P, Amin A. Phase I study of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Hammers
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Marc S. Ernstoff
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - David F. McDermott
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Shen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | - Asim Amin
- Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
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Amin A, Plimack ER, Infante JR, Ernstoff MS, Rini BI, McDermott DF, Knox JJ, Pal SK, Voss MH, Sharma P, Kollmannsberger CK, Heng DYC, Spratlin JL, Shen Y, Kurland JF, Gagnier P, Hammers HJ. Nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Amin
- Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | | | | | - Marc S. Ernstoff
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - David F. McDermott
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer J. Knox
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Shen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | - Hans J. Hammers
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Slovin SF, Higano CS, Hamid O, Tejwani S, Harzstark A, Alumkal JJ, Scher HI, Chin K, Gagnier P, McHenry MB, Beer TM. Ipilimumab alone or in combination with radiotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results from an open-label, multicenter phase I/II study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1813-1821. [PMID: 23535954 PMCID: PMC3707423 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase I/II study in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) explored ipilimumab as monotherapy and in combination with radiotherapy, based on the preclinical evidence of synergistic antitumor activity between anti-CTLA-4 antibody and radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In dose escalation, 33 patients (≥6/cohort) received ipilimumab every 3 weeks × 4 doses at 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg or at 3 or 10 mg/kg + radiotherapy (8 Gy/lesion). The 10-mg/kg cohorts were expanded to 50 patients (ipilimumab monotherapy, 16; ipilimumab + radiotherapy, 34). Evaluations included adverse events (AEs), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, and tumor response. RESULTS Common immune-related AEs (irAEs) among the 50 patients receiving 10 mg/kg ± radiotherapy were diarrhea (54%), colitis (22%), rash (32%), and pruritus (20%); grade 3/4 irAEs included colitis (16%) and hepatitis (10%). One treatment-related death (5 mg/kg group) occurred. Among patients receiving 10 mg/kg ± radiotherapy, eight had PSA declines of ≥50% (duration: 3-13+ months), one had complete response (duration: 11.3+ months), and six had stable disease (duration: 2.8-6.1 months). CONCLUSIONS In mCRPC patients, ipilimumab 10 mg/kg ± radiotherapy suggested clinical antitumor activity with disease control and manageable AEs. Two phase III trials in mCRPC patients evaluating ipilimumab 10 mg/kg ± radiotherapy are ongoing. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00323882.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Slovin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
| | - C S Higano
- Department of Medicine, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - O Hamid
- Department of Translational Research/Immunotherapy, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica
| | - S Tejwani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit
| | - A Harzstark
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - J J Alumkal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - H I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - K Chin
- Department of Oncology Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, USA
| | - P Gagnier
- Department of Oncology Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, USA
| | - M B McHenry
- Department of Oncology Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, USA
| | - T M Beer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
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Beer TM, Logothetis C, Sharma P, Loriot Y, Fizazi K, Bossi A, Kwon ED, McHenry B, Gagnier P, Gerritsen WR. CA184-095: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ipilimumab (Ipi) versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (pts) with metastatic chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS5093 Background: Globally, docetaxel remains the standard of care for metastatic CRPC; however, its use may be delayed until pts develop symptoms. The presence of infiltrating leukocytes in CRPC tumors suggests a natural antitumor immune response is occurring. This is supported by an overall survival (OS) benefit reported in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC who received sipuleucel-T. Ipi, a monoclonal antibody that binds CTLA-4, augments antitumoral activity of cytotoxic immune cells. Ipi demonstrated OS benefit in two phase III trials for advanced melanoma, with side effects that were managed using product-specific treatment guidelines. In phase I/II trials in metastatic CRPC, Ipi has shown clinical activity (as measured by prostate-specific antigen [PSA] declines and RECIST response) with a similar toxicity profile to that observed in melanoma. This global (149 sites in 24 countries) phase III study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01057810) evaluates Ipi vs placebo in chemotherapy-naïve pts with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic CRPC without visceral metastases. Methods: The primary endpoint is OS; secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, time to pain progression, time to non-hormonal systemic therapy and safety characterization. The study is designed to detect a 9.3-month median difference (HR=0.7) in OS with 90% power and 0.05 two-sided significance. Pts are randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive Ipi 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 4 doses or placebo as induction therapy. Eligible pts will receive maintenance therapy of blinded study drug every 12 weeks. The accrual goal is 600 pts randomized. Clinical trial information: NCT01057810. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Beer
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | | | - Padmanee Sharma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Beer TM, Logothetis C, Sharma P, Bossi A, McHenry B, Fairchild JP, Gagnier P, Chin KM, Cuillerot JM, Fizazi K, Gerritsen WR. CA184-095: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ipilimumab versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (pts) with metastatic chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS4691 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi), a fully human monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA-4, augments antitumor immune responses. Ipi has demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefit in two Phase 3 trials for advanced melanoma, with side effects that were managed using product-specific treatment guidelines. In addition, in Phase 1/2 trials in metastatic CRPC, Ipi has shown clinical activity (as measured by prostate-specific antigen [PSA] declines and RECIST response) with no unexpected toxicities. While docetaxel is standard therapy for metastatic CRPC, its use may be delayed until pts develop symptoms. As such, this global (~150 sites in 25 countries) Phase 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01057810) is evaluating Ipi vs placebo in chemotherapy-naïve pts with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic CRPC without visceral metastases. Methods: The primary endpoint is OS; secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, time to pain progression, and time to non-hormonal systemic therapy. The study is designed to detect a 9.3 month difference (HR=0.7) in OS with 90% power and 0.05 two-sided significance. Pts are randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive Ipi 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 4 doses or placebo, respectively, as induction therapy. Eligible pts will continue to receive maintenance therapy of blinded study drug every 12 weeks until treatment stopping criteria are met, withdrawal of consent, or study closure. The accrual goal is 600 pts randomized. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Beer
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | | | - Padmanee Sharma
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Drake CG, Scher HI, Bossi A, van den Eertwegh AJM, McHenry B, Fitzmaurice TF, Cuillerot JM, Chin KM, Gagnier P, Fizazi K, Gerritsen WR. CA184-043: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial comparing ipilimumab versus placebo following a single dose of radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who have received prior treatment with docetaxel (D). J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS4689 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi), a fully human monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA-4, augments antitumor immune responses. Ipi has shown antitumor effects in prostate cancer model systems and clinical activity (via prostate-specific antigen [PSA] declines and RECIST response) in Phase 1/2 investigations in CRPC, with a side effect profile reflective of its mechanism of action. Preclinical data suggest that RT given prior to CTLA-4 blockade may increase antitumor activity. Methods: In this study, pts with CRPC who have progressed during or after D are randomized 1:1 to receive either a single dose of bone-directed RT followed by Ipi 10mg/kg, or RT followed by placebo. Within 2 days of RT administration (up to 5 lesions at 8 Gy on a single day) patients receive their initial dose of Ipi/placebo; Ipi/placebo is then given every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses. Eligible pts may continue to receive blinded study drug every 12 weeks until they meet treatment stopping criteria, withdraw consent, are lost to follow-up, or study closure. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, pain response, and safety. The study is designed to detect a 3.8 month difference (HR=0.76) in median OS with 90% power and 0.05 2-sided type one error. The enrollment goal is 800 randomized patients, with a single interim analysis for superiority of OS planned at 435 events at approximately 33 months from first patient first visit (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00861614). [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G. Drake
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Slovin SF, Hamid O, Tejwani S, Higano CS, Harzstark A, Alumkal JJ, Scher HI, Chin KM, Gagnier P, McHenry MB, Beer TM. Ipilimumab (IPI) in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Results from an open-label, multicenter phase I/II study. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
25 Background: IPI is a fully human, anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody capable of enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Preclinically, radiotherapy (XRT) and CTLA-4 blockade have synergistic anti-tumor activity. This phase 1/2 study in patients (pts) with mCRPC was designed to assess: safety of IPI at various doses, feasibility of combining IPI with XRT, and activity. Methods: mCRPC pts with or without prior chemotherapy were enrolled. In the dose-escalation phase, 33 pts (³6 pts per cohort) received IPI q3 weeks x 4 doses at 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg, or with XRT at 3 or 10 mg/kg. Single dose XRT (8 Gy/lesion, up to 3 lesions per pt) was given 24 to 48 h before the first IPI dose. The 10 mg/kg ± XRT cohorts were expanded to 50; 34 received IPI + XRT (Table). Based on clinical benefit, pts received additional doses of IPI. Endpoints were safety, and activity as assessed by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and RECIST criteria. PSA was monitored monthly, with scans q3 months (mos). Results: There were no dose-limiting toxicities; 10 mg/kg ± XRT cohorts were, therefore, expanded for phase 2 evaluation. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and immune-related AEs (irAEs) were common across all cohorts with or without XRT. Common (≥ 15%) treatment-related AEs of any grade in the 10 mg/kg ± XRT group were fatigue (50%), diarrhea (54%), nausea (24%), colitis (22%), decreased appetite (22%), vomiting (18%), rash (32%) and pruritus (20%). Most common grade 3/4 irAEs were colitis (16%), diarrhea (8%) and hepatitis (10%). irAEs were generally responsive to immunosuppressives. Of 50 PSA-evaluable pts in the 10 mg/kg ± XRT group, 8 had PSA response (Table) lasting between 3 and 13+ mos. Of the 28 tumor-evaluable pts receiving 10 mg/kg ± XRT, 1 had complete response and 6 had stable disease. Conclusions: In pts with mCRPC, IPI 10 mg/kg alone or in combination with XRT showed clinical antitumor activity with disease control in some patients, and a generally manageable safety profile. The combination (IPI 10 mg/kg ± XRT) and monotherapy (IPI 10 mg/kg) are being explored in randomized phase 3 trials. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F. Slovin
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Omid Hamid
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Sheela Tejwani
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Andrea Harzstark
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Kevin M. Chin
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Paul Gagnier
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - M. Brent McHenry
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
| | - Tomasz M. Beer
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Bristol-Myers Squibb,
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Drake CG, Scher HI, Gerritsen WR, Ezzeddine R, Fitzmaurice TF, Cuillerot J, Chin KM, Gagnier P. A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial comparing ipilimumab versus placebo following radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who have received prior treatment with docetaxel (D). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Beer TM, Logothetis C, Sharma P, Gerritsen WR, Ezzeddine R, Fairchild JP, Gagnier P, Chin KM, Cuillerot J. Randomized, double-blind, phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ipilimumab (Ipi) versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (pts) with metastatic chemotherapy-naïve castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Haillot O, Fraga A, Maciukiewicz P, Pushkar D, Tammela T, Höfner K, Chantada V, Gagnier P, Morrill B. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic BPH: 4-year post hoc analysis of European men in the CombAT study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 14:302-6. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Montorsi F, Roehrborn C, Garcia-Penit J, Borre M, Roeleveld TA, Alimi JC, Gagnier P, Wilson TH. The effects of dutasteride or tamsulosin alone and in combination on storage and voiding symptoms in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): 4-year data from the Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) s. BJU Int 2011; 107:1426-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Emberton M, Roehrborn C, Garcia-Penit J, Borre M, Roeleveld T, Alimi JC, Gagnier P, Wilson T. The effects of dutasteride, tamsulosin, and the combination on storage and voiding symptoms in men with moderate-to-severe BPH: 4-year results from the CombAT study. Journal of Men's Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Sartor O, Gomella LG, Gagnier P, Melich K, Dann R. Dutasteride and bicalutamide in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: the Therapy Assessed by Rising PSA (TARP) study rationale and design. Can J Urol 2009; 16:4806-4812. [PMID: 19796455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bicalutamide blocks androgen action in men with prostate cancer but has low affinity for the androgen receptor compared to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Dutasteride, a dual 5-reductase inhibitor (5ARI), blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT, reduces tumor volume and improves PSA in prostate cancer. Bicalutamide should be a more effective antiandrogen if it competes against intraprostatic testosterone, rather than DHT, for the androgen receptor. The Therapy Assessed by Rising PSA (TARP) study investigates dutasteride in combination with bicalutamide to prevent or delay disease progression in patients with castrate-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) after initial androgen deprivation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This ongoing US and Canada multicenter trial with patients with rising PSAs while on a GnRH analogue are randomized to double-blind treatment with dutasteride 3.5 mg and bicalutamide 50 mg or placebo and bicalutamide 50 mg once daily. Inclusion criteria include three rising PSA levels despite a GnRH analogue or surgical castration, and no radiographic evidence of metastases. The entry PSA values must be 2.0 ng/ml-20.0 ng/ml and serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dl. The primary endpoint is time to disease progression determined by PSA, or radiographic progression. CONCLUSIONS TARP will be the first study to evaluate the effects of dutasteride and an antiandrogen in patients failing GnRH analogue and help elucidate the potential role of a dual 5ARI in reducing the rate of progression in non-metastatic CRPC.
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Mirochnick M, Fenton T, Gagnier P, Pav J, Gwynne M, Siminski S, Sperling RS, Beckerman K, Jimenez E, Yogev R, Spector SA, Sullivan JL. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their neonates. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 250 Team. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:368-74. [PMID: 9697716 DOI: 10.1086/515641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of intrapartum and early newborn nevirapine were evaluated in 17 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women in labor and their newborns. No adverse effects of nevirapine were noted in any study mothers or infants. Following maternal dosing with 200 mg during labor, concentrations exceeding 100 ng/mL (10 times the in vitro IC50) were achieved in the newborns. Nevirapine elimination was prolonged in both mothers and infants, with median half-lives ranging from 36.8 to 65.7 h. Administration of 200 mg orally to the mothers in labor and of a single 2-mg/kg oral dose to the infants at 48-72 h after birth maintained serum concentrations in the infants > 100 ng/mL through 7 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirochnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Abstract
The safety of a fixed combination of diclofenac 50mg/misoprostol 200 micrograms has been evaluated in clinical trials involving almost 2000 patients. Short term trials have been conducted in patients with osteoarthritis (n = 1032) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 685) over 1 or 3 months. Patients randomly received either diclofenac alone or diclofenac/misoprostol. In both groups, the most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature, with abdominal pain reported most frequently (in 22.6% of patients receiving diclofenac/misoprostol and 19.8% of patients receiving diclofenac), followed by diarrhoea (19.5 vs 11.3%), nausea (11.0 vs 6.5%) and dyspepsia (10.6 vs 7.8%). The most frequent nongastrointestinal adverse event was headache, which occurred in 7.9% of diclofenac/misoprostol recipients and 9.3% of diclofenac recipients. Although diclofenac/misoprostol was associated with a slightly higher prevalence of adverse events than diclofenac in these studies, the majority were of mild or moderate severity, and the treatment groups were similar as regards the number of patient withdrawals resulting from adverse events. An interim analysis of the results of an ongoing trial of longer term administration of diclofenac/misoprostol (for up to 24 months) has been conducted. In this uncontrolled study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or ankylosing spondylitis received diclofenac/misoprostol for up to 24 months; to date 1003 patients have been enrolled and treatment has been continued for 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in 640, 327, 108 and 13 patients, respectively. As in the short term trials, the adverse events reported most commonly in this study have been predominantly gastrointestinal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gagnier
- Clinical Research, Searle Research and Development, G.D. Searle and Company, Skokie, Illinois
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