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Régnier B, Legrand J, Calatayud PA, Rebaudo F. Developmental Differentiations of Major Maize Stemborers Due to Global Warming in Temperate and Tropical Climates. Insects 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 36661979 PMCID: PMC9866401 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While many insects are in decline due to global warming, the effect of rising temperatures on crop insect pests is uncertain. A capacity to understand future changes in crop pest populations remains critical to ensure food security. Using temperature-dependent mathematical models of the development of four maize stemborers in temperate and tropical regions, we evaluated the potential impacts of different climate change scenarios on development time. While recognizing the limitations of the temperature-dependent development rate approach, we found that global warming could either be beneficial or detrimental to pest development, depending on the optimal temperature for the development of the species and scenarios of climate change. Expected responses range from null development to 1.5 times faster development than expected today. These results suggest that in the medium term, the studied species could benefit from global warming with an accelerated development, while in the long term, their development could either be delayed or accelerated, which may impact their dynamics with implications on maize cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Régnier
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Judith Legrand
- UMR Génétique Quantitative et Évolution—Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Rebaudo
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Mutua JM, Mutyambai DM, Asudi GO, Khamis F, Niassy S, Jalloh AA, Salifu D, Magara HJO, Calatayud PA, Subramanian S. Competitive Plant-Mediated and Intraguild Predation Interactions of the Invasive Spodoptera frugiperda and Resident Stemborers Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus in Maize Cropping Systems in Kenya. Insects 2022; 13:insects13090790. [PMID: 36135491 PMCID: PMC9504508 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Following its recent invasion of African countries, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), now co-exists with resident stemborers such as Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) causing severe damage to maize crops. Due to niche overlap, interspecific interactions occur among the three species, but the mechanisms and degree remain unclear. In this study, we assessed plant-mediated intraspecific and interspecific interactions, predation in laboratory and semi-field settings, and larval field occurrence of S. frugiperda and the two stemborer species. Larval feeding assays to evaluate competitive plant-mediated interactions demonstrated that initial S. frugiperda feeding negatively affected subsequent stemborer larval feeding and survival, suggesting induction of herbivore-induced mechanisms by S. frugiperda, which deters establishment and survival of competing species. Predation assays showed that, at different developmental larval stages, second−sixth instars of S. frugiperda preyed on larvae of both B. fusca and C. partellus. Predation rates of S. frugiperda on stemborers was significantly higher than cannibalism of S. frugiperda and its conspecifics (p < 0.001). Cannibalism of S. frugiperda in the presence of stemborers was significantly lower than in the presence of conspecifics (p = 0.04). Field surveys showed a significantly higher number of S. frugiperda larvae than stemborers across three altitudinally different agroecological zones (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study showed that the invasive S. frugiperda exhibited a clear competitive advantage over resident stemborers within maize cropping systems in Kenya. Our findings reveal some of the possible mechanisms employed by S. frugiperda to outcompete resident stemborers and provide crucial information for developing pest management strategies for these lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnstone Mutiso Mutua
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya
| | | | - George Ochieng’ Asudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Abdul A. Jalloh
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Daisy Salifu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Henlay J. O. Magara
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Paris, France
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
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Fortuna TM, Le Gall P, Mezdour S, Calatayud PA. Impact of invasive insects on native insect communities. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2022; 51:100904. [PMID: 35304314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several biophysical factors are leading to the loss of biodiversity, among them the dominance of exotic invasive species on native communities is important. Their dominance can lead to changes in the structure of insect communities, by competing and displacing native species to other crops or habitats. These changes can impact the herbivore's natural enemies in invaded areas by diverging them from suitable herbivores and altering their biological control process. The development of edible insects and derived products at an industrial scale can also have an impact on the local fauna by the risks of spillover and accidental release in nature. Several area-wide integrated pest management programs are also using the sterile insect technique to control insect pests and disease' vectors. This technique is becoming largely used; however, its application as 'non-intrusive to the environment' is controversial particularly when eradication is concerning species that are at the basis of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiadjana M Fortuna
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génome, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR UPSaclay, CNRS 9191, IRD 247 Site IDEEV, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Philippe Le Gall
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génome, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR UPSaclay, CNRS 9191, IRD 247 Site IDEEV, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génome, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR UPSaclay, CNRS 9191, IRD 247 Site IDEEV, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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4
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Mutyambai DM, Niassy S, Calatayud PA, Subramanian S. Agronomic Factors Influencing Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation and Damage and Its Co-Occurrence with Stemborers in Maize Cropping Systems in Kenya. Insects 2022; 13:insects13030266. [PMID: 35323564 PMCID: PMC8955010 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize and other cultivated crops, has been established in Kenya since 2016. It is a serious threat to maize production and poses a challenge to food and nutrition security. Little is known about its co-occurrence with resident stemborers, relative infestation and damage and how agronomic factors influence its infestation and damage in maize cropping systems across different agro-ecological zones. Maize fields were surveyed across three agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Fall armyworm was found across the three agro-ecological zones and it dominated resident stemborers in maize cropping systems. Its infestations and damage were highest at coastal lowlands compared to mid-altitude and high-altitude lands. Maize grown under mixed cropping systems, with rainfed production and weeded frequently had low infestation and damage compared to those grown under monoculture, with irrigation and no weeding, respectively. Young vegetative maize plants were more infested and damaged compared to mature plants. Different maize varieties were found to have different infestation and damage levels. These results demonstrate dominance of FAW over resident stemborers and that agronomic practices play a role in influencing FAW infestation and damage in maize cropping systems, which need to be considered when designing sustainable pest management solutions. Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious invasive pest of maize that has been established in Kenya since 2016. Little is known about its co-occurrence with resident stemborers, relative infestation and damage and how agronomic factors influence its infestation and damage in maize cropping systems across different agro-ecological zones. This study assessed FAW co-occurrence with resident stemborers, relative infestation and damage across three agro-ecological zones, and the effects of different agronomic practices on its infestation and damage in maize cropping systems in Kenya. A total of 180 maize farms were surveyed across three different agro-ecological zones. FAW infestation and damage was highest in lowlands compared to mid-altitude and high-altitude lands. Its population (eggs and larvae) dominated that of resident stemborers in maize fields. Maize grown under mixed cropping systems, with rainfed production and weeded frequently had low infestation and damage compared to those grown under monoculture, with irrigation and no weeding, respectively. Young vegetative maize plants were more infested and damaged compared to mature plants. Different maize varieties were found to have different infestation and damage levels with Pioneer having the least damage. These results demonstrate that agronomic practices play a role in influencing FAW infestation and damage in maize cropping systems. Further, the population of FAW is dominating that of stemborers in maize cropping systems in Kenya, four years after its invasion. Thus, agronomic practices need to be considered while designing sustainable agro-ecological-based management solutions for resource-constrained smallholder farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Munyao Mutyambai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (S.N.); (P.-A.C.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (S.N.); (P.-A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (S.N.); (P.-A.C.); (S.S.)
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (S.N.); (P.-A.C.); (S.S.)
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Muller H, Chebbi MA, Bouzar C, Périquet G, Fortuna T, Calatayud PA, Le Ru B, Obonyo J, Kaiser L, Drezen JM, Huguet E, Gilbert C. Genome-Wide Patterns of Bracovirus Chromosomal Integration into Multiple Host Tissues during Parasitism. J Virol 2021; 95:e0068421. [PMID: 34319152 PMCID: PMC8549517 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00684-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bracoviruses are domesticated viruses found in parasitic wasp genomes. They are composed of genes of nudiviral origin that are involved in particle production and proviral segments containing virulence genes that are necessary for parasitism success. During particle production, proviral segments are amplified and individually packaged as DNA circles in nucleocapsids. These particles are injected by parasitic wasps into host larvae together with their eggs. Bracovirus circles of two wasp species were reported to undergo chromosomal integration in parasitized host hemocytes, through a conserved sequence named the host integration motif (HIM). Here, we used bulk Illumina sequencing to survey integrations of Cotesia typhae bracovirus circles in the DNA of its host, the maize corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides), 7 days after parasitism. First, assembly and annotation of a high-quality genome for C. typhae enabled us to characterize 27 proviral segments clustered in proviral loci. Using these data, we characterized large numbers of chromosomal integrations (from 12 to 85 events per host haploid genome) for all 16 bracovirus circles containing a HIM. Integrations were found in four S. nonagrioides tissues and in the body of a caterpillar in which parasitism had failed. The 12 remaining circles do not integrate but are maintained at high levels in host tissues. Surprisingly, we found that HIM-mediated chromosomal integration in the wasp germ line has occurred accidentally at least six times during evolution. Overall, our study furthers our understanding of wasp-host genome interactions and supports HIM-mediated chromosomal integration as a possible mechanism of horizontal transfer from wasps to their hosts. IMPORTANCE Bracoviruses are endogenous domesticated viruses of parasitoid wasps that are injected together with wasp eggs into wasp host larvae during parasitism. Several studies have shown that some DNA circles packaged into bracovirus particles become integrated into host somatic genomes during parasitism, but the phenomenon has never been studied using nontargeted approaches. Here, we use bulk Illumina sequencing to systematically characterize and quantify bracovirus circle integrations that occur in four tissues of the Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides) during parasitism by the Cotesia typhae wasp. Our analysis reveals that all circles containing a HIM integrate at substantial levels (from 12 to 85 integrations per host cell, in total) in all tissues, while other circles do not integrate. In addition to shedding new light on wasp-bracovirus-host interactions, our study supports HIM-mediated chromosomal integration of bracovirus as a possible source of wasp-to-host horizontal transfer, with long-term evolutionary consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Muller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Chebbi
- UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- ViroScan3D SAS, Lyon, France
| | - Clémence Bouzar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - George Périquet
- UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Taiadjana Fortuna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Team, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Team, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Obonyo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Team, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laure Kaiser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Michel Drezen
- UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Clément Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Sokame BM, Tonnang HEZ, Subramanian S, Bruce AY, Dubois T, Ekesi S, Calatayud PA. A system dynamics model for pests and natural enemies interactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1401. [PMID: 33446680 PMCID: PMC7809103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stemborers (Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis and Chilo partellus), the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and associated parasitoids constitute an interacting system in maize fields in Kenya. This work aims at developing and evaluating models that represent the evolution of those interactions by applying system thinking and system dynamics approaches with its archetypes [causal loop diagram (CLD), reinforcing (R) and balancing (B)] to analyse the population of these multi-species systems. The software Vensim PLE 8.0.9 was used to implement the models and carry out the simulations of single- and multi-species systems. The results showed that when a single pest species with its associated parasitoids interact with the host plant, the species was able to establish and sustain by cyclical relationship between populations of the pest and the associated parasitoids. However, in multi- pest species systems, dominance of S. frugiperda and C. partellus over B. fusca and S. calamistis was observed, but without extinction. However, there was a likelihood for B. fusca being displaced by C. partellus. Overall, the models predict the co-existence of fall armyworm with stemborer species as an additional pest of maize in Africa that need to be considered henceforth in designing IPM strategies in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henri E. Z. Tonnang
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anani Y. Bruce
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRAF House, United Nation, Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, Nairobi, 00621 Kenya
| | - Thomas Dubois
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- grid.419326.b0000 0004 1794 5158International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535IRD, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Benoist R, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Jeannette R, Calatayud PA, Drezen JM, Dupas S, Le Rouzic A, Le Ru B, Moreau L, Van Dijk E, Kaiser L, Mougel F. Quantitative trait loci involved in the reproductive success of a parasitoid wasp. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3476-3493. [PMID: 32731311 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the genetic basis of intraspecific variations in life history traits is essential to understand their evolution, notably for potential biocontrol agents. Such variations are observed in the endoparasitoid Cotesia typhae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), specialized on the pest Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Previously, we identified two strains of C. typhae that differed significantly for life history traits on an allopatric host population. To investigate the genetic basis underlying these phenotypic differences, we used a quantitative trait locus (QTL) approach based on restriction site-associated DNA markers. The characteristic of C. typhae reproduction allowed us generating sisters sharing almost the same genetic content, named clonal sibship. Crosses between individuals from the two strains were performed to generate F2 and F8 recombinant CSS. The genotypes of 181 clonal sibships were determined as well as the phenotypes of the corresponding 4,000 females. Informative markers were then used to build a high-quality genetic map. These 465 markers spanned a total length of 1,300 cM and were organized in 10 linkage groups which corresponded to the number of C. typhae chromosomes. Three QTLs were detected for parasitism success and two for offspring number, while none were identified for sex ratio. The QTLs explained, respectively, 27.7% and 24.5% of the phenotypic variation observed. The gene content of the genomic intervals was investigated based on the genome of C. congregata and revealed 67 interesting candidates, as potentially involved in the studied traits, including components of the venom and of the symbiotic virus (bracovirus) shown to be necessary for parasitism success in related wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Benoist
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Célina Chantre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rémi Jeannette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,icipe, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Michel Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Moreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, UMR GQE - Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwin Van Dijk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, UMR Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laure Kaiser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Hardwick KM, Ojwang' AME, Stomeo F, Maina S, Bichang'a G, Calatayud PA, Filée J, Djikeng A, Miller C, Cepko L, Darby AC, Le Ru B, Schaack S. Draft Genome of Busseola fusca, the Maize Stalk Borer, a Major Crop Pest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2203-2207. [PMID: 31364706 PMCID: PMC6697066 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca, is an important Lepidopteran pest of cereal crops in Central, East, and Southern Africa. Crop losses due to B. fusca feeding activity vary by region, but can result in total crop loss in areas with high levels of infestation. Genomic resources provide critical insight into the biology of pest species and can allow for the development of effective management tools and strategies to mitigate their impact on agriculture. To this end, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of B. fusca. The total assembled genome size was 492.9 Mb with 19,417 annotated protein-coding genes. Using a comparative approach, we identified a putative expansion in the Chorion gene family, which is involved in the formation of the egg shell structure. Our analysis revealed high repeat content within the B. fusca genome, with LTR sequences comprising the majority of the repetitive sequence. We hope genomic resources will provide a foundation for future work aimed at developing an integrated pest management strategy to reduce B. fusca’s impact on food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Hardwick
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon.,Phylos Bioscience, Portland, Oregon
| | - Awino Maureiq Edith Ojwang'
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Francesca Stomeo
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Solomon Maina
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya.,Agriculture Victoria Research, Horsham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gladys Bichang'a
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Kenya.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.,Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jonathan Filée
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Miller
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Leah Cepko
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alistair C Darby
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.,Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sarah Schaack
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon
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Branca A, Le Ru B, Calatayud PA, Obonyo J, Musyoka B, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Kaiser-Arnauld L, Silvain JF, Gauthier J, Paillusson C, Gayral P, Herniou EA, Dupas S. Relative Influence of Host, Wolbachia, Geography and Climate on the Genetic Structure of the Sub-saharan Parasitic Wasp Cotesia sesamiae. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Juma G, Le Ru B, Calatayud PA. Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants. Int J Insect Sci 2019; 11:1179543319843521. [PMID: 31037037 PMCID: PMC6475838 DOI: 10.1177/1179543319843521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Juma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- UMR EGCE (Evolution, Génome, Comportement, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- UMR EGCE (Evolution, Génome, Comportement, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Sokame BM, Ntiri ES, Ahuya P, Torto B, Le Ru BP, Kilalo DC, Juma G, Calatayud PA. Caterpillar-induced plant volatiles attract conspecific and heterospecific adults for oviposition within a community of lepidopteran stemborers on maize plant. CHEMOECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-019-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bichang'a GB, Lage JLD, Sambai K, Mule S, Ru BL, Kaiser L, Juma G, Maina EN, Calatayud PA. Salivary α-Amylase of Stem Borer Hosts Determines Host Recognition and Acceptance for Oviposition by Cotesia spp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Bichang’a G, Da Lage JL, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Zivy M, Balliau T, Sambai K, Le Ru B, Kaiser L, Juma G, Maina ENM, Calatayud PA. α-Amylase Mediates Host Acceptance in the Braconid Parasitoid Cotesia flavipes. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:1030-1039. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Plants and insects are highly diverse groups due to their ability to exploit a wide range of niches, from the desert to the arctic zone and also almost all the plant species growing on the planet. Plants and insects make up together approximately half of all known species of multicellular organisms. Each plant interacts with insects in a different manner; insects may act as protection, dispersers, or fertilizers for plants while plants may be a food/energy resource or nest location for insects. Starting with herbivory, plant-insect interactions date back to the Devonian period, about 420 million years ago, when plants first began their conquest of the land. But it was most probably in the Upper Carboniferous, about 320 million years ago, that these interactions became more intense, characterized also by the appearance of entomophily (i.e., insect pollination) about 252 million years ago, before the appearance of flowering plants (angiosperms).
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Badshah H, Ullah F, Calatayud PA, Ullah H, Ahmad B. Influence of the Host Plant on the Encyrtid Aenasius bambawalei, a Parasitoid used to Control the Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, in Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.1.207.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud PA, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Ru BL. Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. Zookeys 2017:105-136. [PMID: 28769725 PMCID: PMC5523161 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.682.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parasitoid species are subjected to strong selective pressures from their host, and their adaptive response may result in the formation of genetically differentiated populations, called host races. When environmental factors and reproduction traits prevent gene flow, host races become distinct species. Such a process has recently been documented within the Cotesiaflavipes species complex, all of which are larval parasitoids of moth species whose larvae are stem borers of Poales. A previous study on the African species C.sesamiae, incorporating molecular, ecological and biological data on various samples, showed that a particular population could be considered as a distinct species, because it was specialized at both host (Sesamianonagrioides) and plant (Typhadomingensis) levels, and reproductively isolated from other C.sesamiae. Due to its potential for the biological control of S.nonagrioides, a serious corn pest in Mediterranean countries and even in Iran, we describe here Cotesiatyphae Fernandez-Triana sp. n. The new species is characterized on the basis of morphological, molecular, ecological and geographical data, which proved to be useful for future collection and rapid identification of the species within the species complex. Fecundity traits and parasitism success on African and European S.nonagrioides populations, estimated by laboratory studies, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Kaiser
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Célina Chantre
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Bodet
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ferial Kaoula
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Romain Benoist
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.,icipe: African Insect Science for Food and Health, Duduville Campus, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Rémi Jeannette
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julius Obonyo
- icipe: African Insect Science for Food and Health, Duduville Campus, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-François Silvain
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Université. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.,icipe: African Insect Science for Food and Health, Duduville Campus, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Calatayud PA, Dupas S, Frérot B, Genestier G, Ahuya P, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Le Ru B. Relationships of Reproductive Traits With the Phylogeny of the African Noctuid Stem Borers. Int J Insect Sci 2016; 8:95-103. [PMID: 27867304 PMCID: PMC5108636 DOI: 10.4137/ijis.s32481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The display of the reproductive behavior in most noctuid Lepidoptera follows a diel periodicity and is limited to a precise period of either the day or the night. These behavioral traits and the sex pheromone chemistry can be species specific and thus might be linked to the phylogeny. The objective of this study was to test the relationship of these reproductive traits with phylogeny. The study was undertaken using eight closely related species of noctuid stem borers, which are easy to rear under artificial conditions, namely, Busseola fusca, B. nairobica, B. sp. nr. segeta, Manga melanodonta, M. sp. nr. nubifera, Pirateolea piscator, Sesamia calamistis, and S. nonagrioides. For each species, the adult emergence period, the mating time, and the oviposition period were estimated, referred as biological traits. The components of the sex pheromones emitted by the females of each species were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the biological traits measured, only those linked to the oviposition pattern (timing and egg loads per night) were significantly correlated with the phylogeny of these species. For the sex pheromone components, among the 13 components identified in all species, only four, namely, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-TDA), Z11-TDA, E11-TDA, and Z11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-HDA), showed the highest significant correlations with the phylogeny. These results suggest that among the different reproductive traits evaluated, only few are phylogenetically constrained. Their involvement in the reinforcement of ecological speciation in noctuid stem borers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-André Calatayud
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Institut Diversité Ecologie et Evolution du Vivant, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Noctuid Stem Borers Biodiversity Project, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Institut Diversité Ecologie et Evolution du Vivant, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Frérot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Genestier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Peter Ahuya
- Noctuid Stem Borers Biodiversity Project, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Institut Diversité Ecologie et Evolution du Vivant, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Institut Diversité Ecologie et Evolution du Vivant, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Noctuid Stem Borers Biodiversity Project, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nairobi, Kenya
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Glaser N, Gallot A, Legeai F, Harry M, Kaiser L, Le Ru B, Calatayud PA, Jacquin-Joly E. Differential expression of the chemosensory transcriptome in two populations of the stemborer Sesamia nonagrioides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 65:28-34. [PMID: 26316282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the proposed mechanisms of local adaptation to different ecological environments, transcriptional changes may play an important role. In this study, we investigated whether such variability occurred within the chemosensory organs of a herbivorous insect, for which chemosensation guides most of its host preferences. A European and an African population of the noctuid Sesamia nonagrioides that display significant differences in their ecological preferences were collected on Zea mays and Typha domingensis, respectively. RNAseq were used between the two populations for digital expression profiling of chemosensory organs from larval antennae and palps. Preliminary data on adult female antennae and ovipositors were also collected. We found 6,550 differentially expressed transcripts in larval antennae and palps. Gene ontology enrichment analyses suggested that transcriptional activity was overrepresented in the French population and that virus and defense activities were overrepresented in the Kenyan population. In addition, we found differential expression of a variety of cytochrome P450s, which may be linked to the different host-plant diets. Looking at olfactory genes, we observed differential expression of numerous candidate odorant-binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, and one olfactory receptor, suggesting that differences in olfactory sensitivity participate in insect adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Glaser
- INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France; UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Gallot
- INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France; IRISA, équipe GenScale, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- IRISA, équipe GenScale, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Harry
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Laure Kaiser
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, c/o icipe, NSBB Project, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, c/o icipe, NSBB Project, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
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Njuguna E, Gathara M, Nadir S, Mwalusepo S, Williamson D, Mathé PE, Kimani J, Landmann T, Juma G, Ong'amo G, Gatebe E, Ru BL, Calatayud PA. Characteristics of soils in selected maize growing sites along altitudinal gradients in East African highlands. Data Brief 2015; 5:138-44. [PMID: 26509187 PMCID: PMC4579291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is the main staple crop in the East African Mountains. Understanding how the edaphic characteristics change along altitudinal gradients is important for maximizing maize production in East African Highlands, which are the key maize production areas in the region. This study evaluated and compared the levels of some macro and micro-elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and P) and other soil parameters (pH, organic carbon content, soil texture [i.e. % Sand, % Clay and % Silt], cation exchange capacity [CEC], electric conductivity [EC], and water holding capacity [HC]). Soil samples were taken from maize plots along three altitudinal gradients in East African highlands (namely Machakos Hills, Taita Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro) characterized by graded changes in climatic conditions. For all transects, pH, Ca, K and Mg decreased with the increase in altitude. In contrast, % Silt, organic carbon content, Al and water holding capacity (HC) increased with increasing altitude. The research provides information on the status of the physical-chemical characteristics of soils along three altitudinal ranges of East African Highlands and includes data available for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Njuguna
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Gathara
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 20412-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stanley Nadir
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 20412-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sizah Mwalusepo
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ; Department of General Studies, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT), P.O. Box 2958, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David Williamson
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR-7153 LOCEAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre IRD France Nord, 32 Avenue Henri-Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy cedex, France
| | | | - Jackson Kimani
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tobias Landmann
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald Juma
- University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Ong'amo
- University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Erastus Gatebe
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ; UMR Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, groupe IRD, Diversité, Ecologie et Evolution des Insectes Tropicaux, UPR 9034, 22 CNRS, 91198 - Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université de Paris-Sud, 91405-Orsay, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ; UMR Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, groupe IRD, Diversité, Ecologie et Evolution des Insectes Tropicaux, UPR 9034, 22 CNRS, 91198 - Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université de Paris-Sud, 91405-Orsay, France
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Petit C, Le Ru B, Dupas S, Frérot B, Ahuya P, Kaiser-Arnauld L, Harry M, Calatayud PA. Influence of Dietary Experience on the Induction of Preference of Adult Moths and Larvae for a New Olfactory Cue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136169. [PMID: 26288070 PMCID: PMC4544849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Lepidoptera, host plant selection is first conditioned by oviposition site preference of adult females followed by feeding site preference of larvae. Dietary experience to plant volatile cues can induce larval and adult host plant preference. We investigated how the parent’s and self-experience induce host preference in adult females and larvae of three lepidopteran stem borer species with different host plant ranges, namely the polyphagous Sesamia nonagrioides, the oligophagous Busseola fusca and the monophagous Busseola nairobica, and whether this induction can be linked to a neurophysiological phenotypic plasticity. The three species were conditioned to artificial diet enriched with vanillin from the neonate larvae to the adult stage during two generations. Thereafter, two-choice tests on both larvae and adults using a Y-tube olfactometer and electrophysiological (electroantennography [EAG] recordings) experiments on adults were carried out. In the polyphagous species, the induction of preference for a new olfactory cue (vanillin) by females and 3rd instar larvae was determined by parents’ and self-experiences, without any modification of the sensitivity of the females antennae. No preference induction was found in the oligophagous and monophagous species. Our results suggest that lepidopteran stem borers may acquire preferences for new olfactory cues from the larval to the adult stage as described by Hopkins’ host selection principle (HHSP), neo-Hopkins’ principle, and the concept of ‘chemical legacy.’
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Petit
- Noctuid Stem Borer Biodiversity team, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement c/o icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- Noctuid Stem Borer Biodiversity team, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement c/o icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Brigitte Frérot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1392, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France
| | - Peter Ahuya
- Noctuid Stem Borer Biodiversity team, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement c/o icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laure Kaiser-Arnauld
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Myriam Harry
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Noctuid Stem Borer Biodiversity team, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement c/o icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 247, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Kaiser L, Le Ru BP, Kaoula F, Paillusson C, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Obonyo JO, Herniou EA, Jancek S, Branca A, Calatayud PA, Silvain JF, Dupas S. Ongoing ecological speciation in Cotesia sesamiae, a biological control agent of cereal stem borers. Evol Appl 2015; 8:807-20. [PMID: 26366198 PMCID: PMC4561570 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop efficient and safe biological control, we need to reliably identify natural enemy species, determine their host range, and understand the mechanisms that drive host range evolution. We investigated these points in Cotesia sesamiae, an African parasitic wasp of cereal stem borers. Phylogenetic analyses of 74 individual wasps, based on six mitochondrial and nuclear genes, revealed three lineages. We then investigated the ecological status (host plant and host insect ranges in the field, and host insect suitability tests) and the biological status (cross-mating tests) of the three lineages. We found that one highly supported lineage showed all the hallmarks of a cryptic species. It is associated with one host insect, Sesamia nonagrioides, and is reproductively isolated from the other two lineages by pre- and postmating barriers. The other two lineages had a more variable phylogenetic support, depending on the set of genes; they exhibited an overlapping and diversified range of host species and are not reproductively isolated from one another. We discuss the ecological conditions and mechanisms that likely generated this ongoing speciation and the relevance of this new specialist taxon in the genus Cotesia for biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Kaiser
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France ; INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris Paris, France
| | - Bruno Pierre Le Ru
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France ; icipe: African Insect Science for Food and Health Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ferial Kaoula
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Corentin Paillusson
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France
| | - Severine Jancek
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France
| | - Antoine Branca
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France ; Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR - 8079 UPS-CNRS-AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Sud Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France ; icipe: African Insect Science for Food and Health Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-François Silvain
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stephane Dupas
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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23
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Mwalusepo S, Tonnang HEZ, Massawe ES, Okuku GO, Khadioli N, Johansson T, Calatayud PA, Le Ru BP. Predicting the Impact of Temperature Change on the Future Distribution of Maize Stem Borers and Their Natural Enemies along East African Mountain Gradients Using Phenology Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130427. [PMID: 26075605 PMCID: PMC4468198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in East Africa. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid Chilo partellus, the noctuid Busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae at local scale along Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills gradients in Tanzania and Kenya, respectively. Temperature-dependent phenology models of pests and parasitoids were used in a geographic information system for mapping. The three risk indices namely establishment, generation, and activity indices were computed using current temperature data record from local weather stations and future (i.e., 2055) climatic condition based on downscaled climate change data from the AFRICLIM database. The calculations were carried out using index interpolator, a sub-module of the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software. Thin plate algorithm was used for interpolation of the indices. Our study confirmed that temperature was a key factor explaining the distribution of stem borers and their natural enemies but other climatic factors and factors related to the top-down regulation of pests by parasitoids (host-parasitoid synchrony) also played a role. Results based on temperature only indicated a worsening of stem borer impact on maize production along the two East African mountain gradients studied. This was attributed to three main changes occurring simultaneously: (1) range expansion of the lowland species C. partellus in areas above 1200 m.a.s.l.; (2) increase of the number of pest generations across all altitudes, thus by 2055 damage by both pests will increase in the most productive maize zones of both transects; (3) disruption of the geographical distribution of pests and their larval parasitoids will cause an improvement of biological control at altitude below 1200 m.a.s.l. and a deterioration above 1200 m.a.s.l. The predicted increase in pest activity will significantly increase maize yield losses in all agro-ecological zones across both transects but to a much greater extent in lower areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizah Mwalusepo
- CHIESA Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of General studies, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Henri E. Z. Tonnang
- CHIESA Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Estomih S. Massawe
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gerphas O. Okuku
- NSBB Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Khadioli
- NSBB Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tino Johansson
- CHIESA Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- CHIESA Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- IRD/CNRS UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Pierre Le Ru
- CHIESA Project, icipe—African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya
- IRD/CNRS UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
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24
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Glaser N, Gallot A, Legeai F, Montagné N, Poivet E, Harry M, Calatayud PA, Jacquin-Joly E. Candidate chemosensory genes in the Stemborer Sesamia nonagrioides. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:481-95. [PMID: 23781142 PMCID: PMC3677684 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The stemborer Sesamia nonagrioides is an important pest of maize in the Mediterranean Basin. Like other moths, this noctuid uses its chemosensory system to efficiently interact with its environment. However, very little is known on the molecular mechanisms that underlie chemosensation in this species. Here, we used next-generation sequencing (454 and Illumina) on different tissues from adult and larvae, including chemosensory organs and female ovipositors, to describe the chemosensory transcriptome of S. nonagrioides and identify key molecular components of the pheromone production and detection systems. We identified a total of 68 candidate chemosensory genes in this species, including 31 candidate binding-proteins and 23 chemosensory receptors. In particular, we retrieved the three co-receptors Orco, IR25a and IR8a necessary for chemosensory receptor functioning. Focusing on the pheromonal communication system, we identified a new pheromone-binding protein in this species, four candidate pheromone receptors and 12 carboxylesterases as candidate acetate degrading enzymes. In addition, we identified enzymes putatively involved in S. nonagrioides pheromone biosynthesis, including a ∆11-desaturase and different acetyltransferases and reductases. RNAseq analyses and RT-PCR were combined to profile gene expression in different tissues. This study constitutes the first large scale description of chemosensory genes in S. nonagrioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Glaser
- 1. INRA, UMR 1272, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
- 2. IRD, UR 072, c/o CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Gallot
- 1. INRA, UMR 1272, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
- 3. IRISA, équipe GenScale, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- 3. IRISA, équipe GenScale, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- 4. UPMC - Université Paris 6, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, F-75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Erwan Poivet
- 1. INRA, UMR 1272, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Myriam Harry
- 5. Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- 6. CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- 2. IRD, UR 072, c/o CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- 7. IRD, UR 072, c/o ICIPE, NSBB Project, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- 1. INRA, UMR 1272, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
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Mailafiya DM, Le Ru BP, Kairu EW, Dupas S, Calatayud PA. Parasitism of lepidopterous stem borers in cultivated and natural habitats. J Insect Sci 2011; 11:15. [PMID: 21526933 PMCID: PMC3281318 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant infestation, stem borer density, parasitism, and parasitoid abundance were assessed during two years in two host plants, Zea mays (L.) (Cyperales: Poaceae) and Sorghum bicolor (L.) (Cyperales: Poaceae), in cultivated habitats. The four major host plants (Cyperus spp., Panicum spp., Pennisetum spp., and Sorghum spp.) found in natural habitats were also assessed, and both the cultivated and natural habitat species occurred in four agroecological zones in Kenya. Across habitats, plant infestation (23.2%), stem borer density (2.2 per plant), and larval parasitism (15.0%) were highest in maize in cultivated habitats. Pupal parasitism was not higher than 4.7% in both habitats, and did not vary with locality during each season or with host plant between each season. Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and C. flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were the key parasitoids in cultivated habitats (both species accounted for 76.4% of parasitized stem borers in cereal crops), but not in natural habitats (the two Cotesia species accounted for 14.5% of parasitized stem borers in wild host plants). No single parasitoid species exerted high parasitism rates on stem borer populations in wild host plants. Low stem borer densities across seasons in natural habitats indicate that cereal stem borer pests do not necessarily survive the non-cropping season feeding actively in wild host plants. Although natural habitats provided refuges for some parasitoid species, stem borer parasitism was generally low in wild host plants. Overall, because parasitoids contribute little in reducing cereal stem borer pest populations in cultivated habitats, there is need to further enhance their effectiveness in the field to regulate these pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duna Madu Mailafiya
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya or Université Paris-Sud 11,91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Department of Zoological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bruno Pierre Le Ru
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya or Université Paris-Sud 11,91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Eunice Waitherero Kairu
- Department of Zoological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, Bât 13, BP I, Avenue de la Terrassse, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France et Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Paul-André Calatayud
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya or Université Paris-Sud 11,91405 Orsay cedex, France
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Mailafiya DM, Le Ru BP, Kairu EW, Calatayud PA, Dupas S. Factors affecting stem borer parasitoid species diversity and parasitism in cultivated and natural habitats. Environ Entomol 2010; 39:57-67. [PMID: 20146840 DOI: 10.1603/en09196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of biotic and abiotic factors on stem borer parasitoid diversity, abundance, and parasitism were studied in cultivated and natural habitats in four agroecological zones in Kenya. Comparing habitat types, we found partial support for the "natural enemy" hypothesis, whereby, across all localities, parasitoid diversity was higher in more diverse host plant communities in natural habitats, whereas parasitoid abundance was higher in cultivated habitats. For both habitats, parasitoid richness was mainly influenced by stem borer density and/or its interaction with stem borer richness, whereas parasitoid abundance was mainly affected by stem borer abundance. Parasitoid richness was higher in localities (with bimodal rainfall distribution) with increased spatial and temporal availability of host plants that harbored the borers. Across seasons, parasitoid richness was lower in both cultivated and natural habitats in the driest locality, Mtito Andei. Overall, parasitoid diversity was low in Suam and Mtito Andei, where maize cultivation was practiced on a commercial scale and intense grazing activities persist across seasons, respectively. Across localities, habitats, and seasons, stem borer parasitism was positively correlated with parasitoid richness and abundance. Furthermore, the interaction of rainfall and altitude influenced the presence and absence of parasitoids, and consequently, stem borer parasitism. Parasitism was positively and negatively correlated with temperature in cultivated and natural habitats, respectively. Overall, natural habitats seem to serve as important refugia for sustaining parasitoid diversity, which in turn can affect stem borer parasitism in the cereal cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duna Madu Mailafiya
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, c/o International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.
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27
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Le Ru BP, Ong'amo GO, Moyal P, Ngala L, Musyoka B, Abdullah Z, Cugala D, Defabachew B, Haile TA, Matama TK, Lada VY, Negassi B, Pallangyo K, Ravolonandrianina J, Sidumo A, Omwega CO, Schulthess F, Calatayud PA, Silvain JF. Diversity of lepidopteran stem borers on monocotyledonous plants in eastern Africa and the islands of Madagascar and Zanzibar revisited. Bull Entomol Res 2006; 96:555-63. [PMID: 17201973 DOI: 10.1017/ber2006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surveys were completed in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar to assess the lepidopteran stem borer species diversity on wild host plants. A total of 24,674 larvae belonging to 135 species were collected from 75 species of wild host plants belonging to the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Typhaceae. Amongst them were 44 noctuid species belonging to at least nine genera, 33 crambids, 15 pyralids, 16 Pyraloidea species not yet identified, 25 tortricids and three cossids. The noctuid larvae represented 73.6% of the total number of larvae collected, with 66.3, 3.5 and 3.8% found on Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Typhaceae, respectively. The Crambidae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae and Cossidae represented 19.8, 1.9, 2.5 and 0.1% of the total larvae collected, respectively, with 90.4% of the Crambidae and Pyralidae collected from Poaceae, and 99.7% of the Tortricidae collected from Cyperaceae. The lepidopteran stem borer species diversity in the wild host plants was far more diverse than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Le Ru
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Calatayud PA, Auger J, Thibout E, Rousset S, Caicedo AM, Calatayud S, Buschmann H, Guillaud J, Mandon N, Bellotti AC. Identification and synthesis of a kairomone mediating host location by two parasitoid species of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus herreni. J Chem Ecol 2001; 27:2203-17. [PMID: 11817076 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012274703197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two encyrtid species, Acerophagus coccois and Aenasius vexans, parasitoids of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus herreni use a contact kairomone from the body surface of their host as a host-location stimulant. The kairomone was synthesized and identified as O-caffeoylserine based on a combination of chromatographic methods. The synthetic compound was determined to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Calatayud
- IRD (formerly ORSTOM)/CIAT, Cassava Entomology, Cali, Colombia.
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