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Mu Y, Chen B, Zhang H, Fei M, Liu T, Mehta N, Wang DZ, Miller AJM, Diaconescu PL, Wang D. Highly Selective Electrochemical Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation through Oxygen Atom Transfer from Water. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38687695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones is a crucial oxygen atom transfer (OAT) process used for ester production. Traditionally, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is accomplished by thermally oxidizing the OAT from stoichiometric peroxides, which are often difficult to handle. Electrochemical methods hold promise for breaking the limitation of using water as the oxygen atom source. Nevertheless, existing demonstrations of electrochemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation face the challenges of low selectivity. We report in this study a strategy to overcome this challenge. By employing a well-known water oxidation catalyst, Fe2O3, we achieved nearly perfect selectivity for the electrochemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone. Mechanistic studies suggest that it is essential to produce surface hydroperoxo intermediates (M-OOH, where M represents a metal center) that promote the nucleophilic attack on ketone substrates. By confining the reactions to the catalyst surfaces, competing reactions (e.g., dehydrogenation, carboxylic acid cation rearrangements, and hydroxylation) are greatly limited, thereby offering high selectivity. The surface-initiated nature of the reaction is confirmed by kinetic studies and spectroelectrochemical characterizations. This discovery adds nucleophilic oxidation to the toolbox of electrochemical organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Boqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Muchun Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Neal Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - David Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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2
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Abstract
The use of molecularly modified electrodes in catalysis heralds a new paradigm in designing chemical transformations by allowing control of catalytic activity. Herein, we provide an overview of reported methods to develop electrodes functionalized with organometallic complexes and a summary of commonly used techniques for characterizing the electrode surface after immobilization. In addition, we highlight the implications of surface functionalization in catalysis to emphasize the key aspects that should be considered during the development and optimization of functionalized electrodes. Particularly, surface-molecule electronic coupling and electrostatic interactions within a hybrid system are discussed to present effective handles in tuning catalytic activity. We envision that this emerging type of hybrid catalytic system has the potential to combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous supports and could be applied to an expanded range of transformations beyond energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Roshandel H, Shammami M, Lin S, Wong YP, Diaconescu PL. App-Free Method for Visualization of Polymers in 3D and Augmented Reality. J Chem Educ 2023; 100:2039-2044. [PMID: 37186541 PMCID: PMC10173869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rise of virtual and online education in recent years has led to the development and popularization of many online tools, notably three-dimensional (3D) models and augmented reality (AR), for visualizing various structures in chemical sciences. The majority of the developed tools focus on either small molecules or biological systems, as information regarding their structure can be easily accessed from online databases or obtained through relatively quick calculations. As such, due to a lack of crystallographic and theoretical data available for nonbiological macromolecules, there is a noticeable lack of accessible online tools for the visualization of polymers in 3D. Herein, using a few sample polymers, we showcase a workflow for the generation of 3D models using molecular dynamics and Blender. The 3D structures can then be hosted on p3d.in, where AR models can be generated automatically. Furthermore, the hosted 3D models can then be shared via quick response (QR) codes and used in various settings without the need to download any applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hootan Roshandel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew Shammami
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shiyun Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yin-Pok Wong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- E-mail:
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4
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Dodge HM, Natinsky BS, Jolly BJ, Zhang H, Mu Y, Chapp SM, Tran TV, Diaconescu PL, Do LH, Wang D, Liu C, Miller AJM. Polyketones from Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene by Integrating Electrochemical and Organometallic Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Natinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brandon J. Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haochuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yu Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Scott M. Chapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thi V. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Davis A, Liu C, Diaconescu PL. The art of compartment design for synthetic catalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi02332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Confining organometallic catalysts in nanoscopic compartments has been gaining traction as a method to introduce additional levels of control in catalytic transformations. Running reactions inside of compartments is ubiquitous in...
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6
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Jolly BJ, Co NH, Davis AR, Diaconescu PL, Liu C. A generalized kinetic model for compartmentalization of organometallic catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1101-1110. [PMID: 35211276 PMCID: PMC8790775 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization is an attractive approach to enhance catalytic activity by retaining reactive intermediates and mitigating deactivating pathways. Such a concept has been well explored in biochemical and more recently, organometallic catalysis to ensure high reaction turnovers with minimal side reactions. However, the scarcity of theoretical frameworks towards confined organometallic chemistry impedes broader utility for the implementation of compartmentalization. Herein, we report a general kinetic model and offer design guidance for a compartmentalized organometallic catalytic cycle. In comparison to a non-compartmentalized catalysis, compartmentalization is quantitatively shown to prevent the unwanted intermediate deactivation, boost the corresponding reaction efficiency (γ), and subsequently increase catalytic turnover frequency (TOF). The key parameter in the model is the volumetric diffusive conductance (FV) that describes catalysts' diffusion propensity across a compartment's boundary. Optimal values of FV for a specific organometallic chemistry are needed to achieve maximal values of γ and TOF. As illustrated in specific reaction examples, our model suggests that a tailored compartment design, including the use of nanomaterials, is needed to suit a specific organometallic catalytic cycle. This work provides justification and design principles for further exploration into compartmentalizing organometallics to enhance catalytic performance. The conclusions from this work are generally applicable to other catalytic systems that need proper design guidance in confinement and compartmentalization. Compartmentalization is an attractive approach to enhance catalytic activity by retaining reactive intermediates and mitigating deactivating pathways.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nathalie H. Co
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ashton R. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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Hern ZC, Quan SM, Dai R, Lai A, Wang Y, Liu C, Diaconescu PL. ABC and ABAB Block Copolymers by Electrochemically Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19802-19808. [PMID: 34792339 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically controlled synthesis of multiblock copolymers by alternating the redox states of (salfan)Zr(OtBu)2 (salfan = 1,1'-di(2-tert-butyl-6-N-methylmethylenephenoxy)ferrocene) is reported. Aided by electrochemistry with a glassy carbon working electrode, an in situ potential switch alters the catalyst's oxidation state and its subsequent monomer (l-lactide, β-butyrolactone, or cyclohexene oxide) selectivity in one pot. Various multiblock copolymers were prepared, including an ABAB tetrablock copolymer, poly(cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide), and an ABC triblock copolymer, poly(hydroxybutyrate-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide). The polymers produced using this technique are similar to those produced via a chemical redox reagent method, displaying moderately narrow dispersities (1.1-1.5) and molecular weights ranging from 7 to 26 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Stephanie M Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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8
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Uddin N, Rashid F, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Raheel A, Imran M, Zaib S, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J, Ali S. Triorganotin (IV) carboxylates as potential anticancer agents: Their synthesis, physiochemical characterization, and cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmed Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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9
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Rashid F, Uddin N, Ali S, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J. New triorganotin(iv) compounds with aromatic carboxylate ligands: synthesis and evaluation of the pro-apoptotic mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4499-4514. [PMID: 35424423 PMCID: PMC8694426 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new organotin(iv) carboxylate compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy. Single X-ray crystallography reveals that compound C2 has a monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c having distorted bipyramidal geometry defined by C3SnO2. The synthesized compounds were screened for drug-DNA interactions via UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry showing good activity with high binding constants. Theoretical investigations also support the reactivity of the compounds as depicted from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis using Gaussian 09. Synthesized compounds were initially evaluated on two cancer (HeLa and MCF-7) cell lines and cytotoxicity to normal cells was evaluated using a non-cancerous (BHK-21) cell line. All the compounds were found to be active, with IC50 values less than that of the standard drug i.e. cisplatin. The cytotoxic effect of the most potent compound C2 was confirmed by LDH cytotoxicity assay and fluorescence imaging after PI staining. Apoptotic features in compound C2 treated cancer cells were visualized after DAPI staining while regulation of apoptosis was observed by reactive oxygen species generation, binding of C2 with DNA, a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Results are indicative of activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in C2 treated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmad Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
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10
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Abstract
A dimeric yttrium phenoxide complex can be oxidized in a stepwise fashion to access three oxidation states. The three states show different activity in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Deng
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
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11
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Yu C, Liang J, Deng C, Lefèvre G, Cantat T, Diaconescu PL, Huang W. Arene-Bridged Dithorium Complexes: Inverse Sandwiches Supported by a δ Bonding Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21292-21297. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D, CNRS/Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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12
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Xiao Y, Zhao XK, Wu T, Miller JT, Hu HS, Li J, Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions in inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:227-238. [PMID: 34168742 PMCID: PMC8179684 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized by the reduction of their trivalent halide precursors with potassium graphite in the presence of biphenyl. While the samarium complex had a similar structure as previously reported rare earth metal biphenyl complexes, with the two samarium ions bound to the same phenyl ring, the ytterbium counterpart adopted a different structure, with the two ytterbium ions bound to different phenyl rings. Upon the addition of crown ether to encapsulate the potassium ions, the inverse-sandwich samarium biphenyl structure remained intact; however, the ytterbium biphenyl structure fell apart with the concomitant formation of a divalent ytterbium crown ether complex and potassium biphenylide. Spectroscopic and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the electronic structures and bonding interactions of these samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. While the ytterbium ions were found to be divalent with a 4f14 electron configuration and form a primarily ionic bonding interaction with biphenyl dianion, the samarium ions were in the trivalent state with a 4f5 electron configuration and mainly utilized the 5d orbitals to form a δ-type bonding interaction with the π* orbitals of the biphenyl tetraanion, showing covalent character. Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Combined experimental and computational studies indicated that they have distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianpin Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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13
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Xu X, Luo G, Hou Z, Diaconescu PL, Luo Y. Theoretical insight into the redox-switchable activity of group 4 metal complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations indicate that the Lewis acidity of the catalytic metal center M (Ti, Zr, Hf) explains the redox-switchable activity observed for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by ferrocene derived metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- and Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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14
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Uddin N, Rashid F, Ali S, Tirmizi SA, Ahmad I, Zaib S, Zubair M, Diaconescu PL, Tahir MN, Iqbal J, Haider A. Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of Schiff bases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3246-3259. [PMID: 31411114 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1654924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five Schiff bases, 2-((3-chlorophenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L1), 2-((2,4-dichlorophenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L2), 5-(diethylamino)-2-((3,5-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (L3), 2-((2-chloro-4-methylphenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L4), and 5-(diethylamino)-2-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (L5) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Three of the compounds (L1, L2, and L4) were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction: L1 and L2 crystallized in orthorhombic P212121 and Pca21 space group, respectively, while L4 crystallized in monoclinic P21/c space group. Theoretical investigations were performed for all the synthesized compounds to evaluate the structural details. Drug-DNA interaction studies results from UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry complement that the compounds bind to DNA through electrostatic interactions. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied against cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) and a normal cell line (BHK-21) by means of an MTT assay compared to carboplatin, featuring IC50 values in the micromolar range. The pro-apoptotic mechanism for the active compound L5 was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, cell cycle analysis, caspase-9 and -3 activity, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA binding studies that further strengthen the results of that L5 is a potent drug against cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zachary C. Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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16
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Shen Y, Shepard SM, Reed CJ, Diaconescu PL. Zirconium complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand as redox switches for hydroamination reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5587-5590. [PMID: 31020301 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1'-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxy)ferrocene) and its catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination are reported. In situ oxidation and reduction of the metal complex results in reactivity towards different substrates. The reduced form of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 catalyzes hydroamination reactions of primary aminoalkenes, whereas the oxidized form catalyzes hydroamination reactions of secondary aminoalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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17
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Akopov G, Mak WH, Koumoulis D, Yin H, Owens-Baird B, Yeung MT, Muni MH, Lee S, Roh I, Sobell ZC, Diaconescu PL, Mohammadi R, Kovnir K, Kaner RB. Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Phase Metal Dodecaboride Solid Solutions: Zr1–xYxB12 and Zr1–xUxB12. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9047-9062. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgiy Akopov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wai H. Mak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dimitrios Koumoulis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael T. Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mit H. Muni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Inwhan Roh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zachary C. Sobell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Richard B. Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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18
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Abstract
Switchable catalysts incorporate stimuli-responsive features and allow synthetic tasks that are difficult or impossible to accomplish in other ways. They mimic biological processes in that they can provide both spatial and temporal control, unlike most reactions promoted by human-made catalysts that usually occur according to carefully optimized conditions. In the area of switchable catalysis, redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has attracted much attention, emerging as a powerful strategy for the development of environmentally friendly biodegradable copolymers, especially those containing blocks with complementary properties. Controlling the sequence and regularity of each copolymeric building block can affect the material properties significantly since they are directly related to the respective microstructures. Such control can be exerted with a well-designed redox-switchable catalyst by timing the oxidation and reduction events. In highly selective systems, one form of the catalyst reacts with a monomer until the redox state of the catalyst is altered, at which point the altered state of the catalyst reacts with another monomer. The reaction time may be varied from one cycle to another to generate various designer multiblock copolymers. The first instance of redox-mediated ROP was described by N. Long and co-workers in 2006. This example, as well as many early reported redox-switchable catalysts, could only achieve an on/off switch of activity toward a single monomer or substrate. However, our efforts brought on a general strategy for designing redox-switchable metal complexes that can catalyze different reactions in two oxidation states. In recent years, our contributions to this research field led to the synthesis of several multiblock copolymers prepared from biorenewable resources. This Account provides an overview of reported redox-switchable polymerization catalysts that allow for complementary reactivity in different oxidation states and highlights the potential of this strategy in preparing biodegradable materials. First, we define the field of redox-switchable catalysis and illustrate the design and significance of our ferrocene-chelating ligands, in which the oxidation state of iron in ferrocene can control the reactivity of the resulting metal complexes remotely. Next, we illustrate recent advances in the synthesis of new biodegradable copolymers including (1) how to tune the activity of the ROP catalysts by exploring various metal centers and ferrocene-based ligand combinations; (2) how to synthesize new multiblock copolymers of cyclic esters, epoxides, and carbonates by redox-switchable ROP; and (3) how to understand the mechanism of these reactions by discussing both experimental and theoretical investigations. By the application and development of redox-switchable strategies, various novel materials and reactions can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Abstract
Redox switchable catalysis with a ferrocene Schiff base zirconium complex allowed the synthesis of diblock and triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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20
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Lai A, Clifton J, Diaconescu PL, Fey N. Computational mapping of redox-switchable metal complexes based on ferrocene derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7021-7024. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01977d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of redox-switchable metal complexes have been captured with DFT-calculated parameters and processed into a map of chemical space, highlighting the effects of varying metals, donors, linkers and substituents in both accessible ferrocene oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
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21
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Quan SM, Wei J, Diaconescu PL. Correction to “Mechanistic Studies of Redox-Switchable Copolymerization of Lactide and Cyclohexene Oxide by a Zirconium Complex”. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Abubekerov M, Wei J, Swartz KR, Xie Z, Pei Q, Diaconescu PL. Preparation of multiblock copolymers via step-wise addition of l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2168-2178. [PMID: 29719690 PMCID: PMC5903370 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04507g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of up to pentablock copolymers from various combinations of l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate was accomplished using a dinuclear zinc complex, and the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers evaluated.
Poly(l-lactide) (PLA) is a bioderived and biodegradable polymer that has limited applications due to its hard and brittle nature. Incorporation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate into PLA, in a block copolymer fashion, improves the mechanical properties, while retaining the biodegradability of the polymer, and broadens its range of applications. However, the preparation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC)/l-lactide (LA) copolymers beyond diblock and triblock structures has not been reported, with explanations focusing mostly on thermodynamic reasons that impede the copolymerization of TMC after lactide. We discuss the preparation of multiblock copolymers via the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of LA and TMC, in a step-wise addition, by a ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate zinc complex, {[fc(PPh2)(BH[(3,5-Me)2pz]2)]Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)}2 ([(fcP,B)Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)]2, fc = 1,1′-ferrocenediyl, pz = pyrazole). The synthesis of up to pentablock copolymers, from various combinations of LA and TMC, was accomplished and the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Kevin R Swartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Zhixin Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
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24
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Abubekerov M, Khan SI, Diaconescu PL. Ferrocene-bis(phosphinimine) Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Alkyl Complexes: Influence of the Fe–M (M = Ni and Pd) Interaction on Redox Activity and Olefin Coordination. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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25
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Quan SM, Wei J, Diaconescu PL. Mechanistic Studies of Redox-Switchable Copolymerization of Lactide and Cyclohexene Oxide by a Zirconium Complex. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Quan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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27
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Zhao J, Brosmer JL, Tang Q, Yang Z, Houk KN, Diaconescu PL, Kwon O. Intramolecular Crossed [2+2] Photocycloaddition through Visible Light-Induced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9807-9810. [PMID: 28683547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions of dienones promoted through sensitization, using a polypyridyl iridium(III) catalyst, to form bridged cyclobutanes. In contrast to previous examples of straight [2+2] cycloadditions, these efficient crossed additions were achieved under irradiation with visible light. The reactions delivered desired bridged benzobicycloheptanone products with excellent regioselectivity in high yields (up to 96%). This process is superior to previous syntheses of benzobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanones, which are readily converted to B-norbenzomorphan analogues of biological significance. Electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic studies substantiated the mechanism of triplet energy transfer and explained the unusual regiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jonathan L Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Qingxuan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madeline N. Riffel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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29
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Kremer AB, Andrews RJ, Milner MJ, Zhang XR, Ebrahimi T, Patrick BO, Diaconescu PL, Mehrkhodavandi P. A Comparison of Gallium and Indium Alkoxide Complexes as Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1375-1385. [PMID: 28103034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the metal size and Lewis acidity on the polymerization activity of group 13 metal complexes was studied, and it was shown that, within the same ligand family, indium complexes are far more reactive and selective than their gallium analogues. To this end, gallium and aluminum complexes supported by a tridentate diaminophenolate ligand, as well as gallium complexes supported by N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylimine)(salen) ligands, were synthesized and compared to their indium analogues. Using the tridentate ligand set, it was possible to isolate the gallium chloride complexes 3 and (±)-4 and the aluminum analogues 5 and (±)-6. The alkoxygallium complex (±)-2, supported by a salen ligand, was also prepared and characterized and, along with the three-component system GaCl3/BnOH/NEt3, was tested for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone. The polymerization rates and selectivities of both systems were significantly lower than those for the indium analogues. The reaction of (±)-2 with 1 equiv of lactide forms the first insertion product, which is stable in solution and can be characterized at room temperature. In order to understand the differences of the reactivity within the group 13 metal complexes, a Lewis acidity study using triethylphosphine oxide (the Gutmann-Beckett method) was undertaken for a series of aluminum, gallium, and indium halide complexes; this study shows that indium halide complexes are less Lewis acidic than their aluminum and gallium analogues. Density functional theory calculations show that the Mulliken charges for the indium complexes are higher than those for the gallium analogues. These data suggest that the impact of ligands on the reactivity is more significant than that of the metal Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan J Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Milner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xu R Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Harriman KLM, Brosmer JL, Ungur L, Diaconescu PL, Murugesu M. Pursuit of Record Breaking Energy Barriers: A Study of Magnetic Axiality in Diamide Ligated DyIII Single-Molecule Magnets. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1420-1423. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. M. Harriman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontatio K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Theory
of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC − Institute of Nanoscale Physics
and Chemistry, Katholieke, Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontatio K1N 6N5, Canada
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31
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Lowe MY, Shu S, Quan SM, Diaconescu PL. Investigation of redox switchable titanium and zirconium catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of (thiolfan*)Zr(OtBu)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1′-di(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxide)ferrocene) is reported, as well as its activity toward the ring-opening polymerizations of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Y. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Sisheng Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Stephanie M. Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Quan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rongjia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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34
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Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Reactivity and Properties of Metal Complexes Enabled by Flexible and Redox-Active Ligands with a Ferrocene Backbone. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10013-10023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Shepard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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36
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Abubekerov M, Shepard SM, Diaconescu PL. Switchable Polymerization of Norbornene Derivatives by a Ferrocene‐Palladium(II) Heteroscorpionate Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles90095Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - Scott M. Shepard
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles90095Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles90095Los AngelesCAUSA
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37
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Blass BL, Hernández Sánchez R, Decker VA, Robinson MJ, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Diaconescu PL, Nataro C. Structural, Computational, and Spectroscopic Investigation of [Pd(κ3-1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocenediyl)X]+ (X = Cl, Br, I) Compounds. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Blass
- Department
of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, .United States
| | - Victoria A. Decker
- Department
of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Michael J. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Piro
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - W. Scott Kassel
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chip Nataro
- Department
of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
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38
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Diaconescu PL, Cummins CC. Radical anionic versus neutral 2,2'-bipyridyl coordination in uranium complexes supported by amide and ketimide ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2676-83. [PMID: 25510329 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of (bipy)(2)U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(2) (1-(bipy)(2), bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, Ar = 3,5-C(6)H(3)Me(2)), (bipy)U(N[(1)Ad]Ar)(3) (2-bipy), (bipy)(2)U(NC[t-Bu]Mes)(3) (3-(bipy)(2), Mes = 2,4,6-C(6)H(2)Me(3)), and IU(bipy)(NC[t-Bu]Mes)(3) (3-I-bipy) are reported. X-ray crystallography studies indicate that bipy coordinates as a radical anion in 1-(bipy)(2) and 2-bipy, and as a neutral ligand in 3-I-bipy. In 3-(bipy)(2), one of the bipy ligands is best viewed as a radical anion, the other as a neutral ligand. The electronic structure assignments are supported by NMR spectroscopy studies of exchange experiments with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and also by optical spectroscopy. In all complexes, uranium was assigned a +4 formal oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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39
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Wang X, Brosmer JL, Thevenon A, Diaconescu PL. Highly Active Yttrium Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and δ-Valerolactone. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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41
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Huang W, Le Roy JJ, Khan SI, Ungur L, Murugesu M, Diaconescu PL. Tetraanionic Biphenyl Lanthanide Complexes as Single-Molecule Magnets. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2374-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5029788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Le Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario KIN 6N5, Canada
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Theory
of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC Institute for Nanoscale Physics and
Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F
3001, Belgium
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario KIN 6N5, Canada
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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42
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Abubekerov M, Diaconescu PL. Synthesis and characterization of ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate complexes of nickel(II) and zinc(II). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1778-84. [PMID: 25607817 DOI: 10.1021/ic502691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The first example of a ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate, [Li(THF)2][fc(PPh2)(BH[(3,5-Me)2pz]2)] ((fc(P,B))Li(THF)2, fc = 1,1'-ferrocenediyl) is described. Starting from a previously reported compound, fcBr(PPh2), a series of ferrocene derivatives, fc(PPh2)(B[OMe]2), [Li(OEt2)][fc(PPh2)(BH3)], [Li(THF)2][fc(PPh2)(BH[(3,5-Me)2pz]2)] (pz = pyrazole), was isolated and characterized. Compound (fc(P,B))Li(THF)2 allowed the synthesis of the corresponding nickel and zinc complexes, (fc(P,B))NiCl, (fc(P,B))NiMe, (fc(P,B))ZnCl, and (fc(P,B))ZnMe. All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, while the zinc and nickel complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The redox behavior of (fc(P,B))NiCl, (fc(P,B))NiMe, (fc(P,B))ZnCl, and (fc(P,B))ZnMe was studied by cyclic voltammetry and supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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43
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Abstract
An indium complex supported by a ferrocene-derived Schiff base ligand has unprecedented activity toward ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, and β-butyrolactone ring-opening polymerizations. l-Lactide, d,l-lactide, and trimethylene carbonate polymerizations also showed moderate to high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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44
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Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Rare-earth metal π-complexes of reduced arenes, alkenes, and alkynes: bonding, electronic structure, and comparison with actinides and other electropositive metals. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15360-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal complexes of reduced π ligands are reviewed with an emphasis on their electronic structure and bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
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45
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Lemke WM, Kaner RB, Diaconescu PL. A mechanistic study of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on polyaniline nanofibers. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd/PANI nanocomposites effect C–C coupling reactions mainly through a homogeneous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Lemke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Richard B. Kaner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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46
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Huang W, Brosmer JL, Diaconescu PL. In situ synthesis of lanthanide complexes supported by a ferrocene diamide ligand: extension to redox-active lanthanide ions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The scope of an in situ method to prepare rare-earth alkyl and halide precursors was extended to cerium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium, and ytterbium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
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47
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Abstract
A new type of C-H bond activation mediated by rare-earth metals under reducing conditions is reported. The synergy between reductants and rare-earth-metal complexes allows the cleavage of unactivated aromatic C-H bonds. The reaction between rare-earth-metal iodides supported by a 1,1'-ferrocenediamide ligand and potassium graphite in benzene leads to the formation of a 1:1 metal molar ratio of the corresponding metal hydride and metal phenyl complex. A proposed mechanism involving an inverse sandwich arene bimetallic intermediate is supported by experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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48
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Wang X, Thevenon A, Brosmer JL, Yu I, Khan SI, Mehrkhodavandi P, Diaconescu PL. Redox Control of Group 4 Metal Ring-Opening Polymerization Activity toward l-Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11264-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505883u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Insun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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49
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Upton BM, Gipson RM, Duhović S, Lydon BR, Matsumoto NM, Maynard HD, Diaconescu PL. Synthesis of ferrocene-functionalized monomers for biodegradable polymer formation. Inorg Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qi00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Huang W, Abukhalil PM, Khan SI, Diaconescu PL. Group 3 metal stilbene complexes: synthesis, reactivity, and electronic structure studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 50:5221-3. [PMID: 24343705 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 metal (E)-stilbene complexes supported by a ferrocene diamide ligand were synthesized and characterized. Reactivity studies showed that they behave similar to analogous naphthalene complexes. Experimental and computational results indicated that the double bond was reduced and not a phenyl ring, in contrast to a previously reported uranium (E)-stilbene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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