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Tian X, Pedigo CE, Li K, Ma X, Bunda P, Pell J, Lek A, Gu J, Zhang Y, Medina Rangel PX, Li W, Schwartze E, Nagata S, Lerner G, Perincheri S, Priyadarshini A, Zhao H, Lek M, Menon MC, Fu R, Ishibe S. Profilin1 is required for prevention of mitotic catastrophe in murine and human glomerular diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171237. [PMID: 37847555 PMCID: PMC10721156 DOI: 10.1172/jci171237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of proteinuric kidney diseases is associated with podocyte loss, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Podocytes reenter the cell cycle to repair double-stranded DNA breaks. However, unsuccessful repair can result in podocytes crossing the G1/S checkpoint and undergoing abortive cytokinesis. In this study, we identified Pfn1 as indispensable in maintaining glomerular integrity - its tissue-specific loss in mouse podocytes resulted in severe proteinuria and kidney failure. Our results suggest that this phenotype is due to podocyte mitotic catastrophe (MC), characterized histologically and ultrastructurally by abundant multinucleated cells, irregular nuclei, and mitotic spindles. Podocyte cell cycle reentry was identified using FUCCI2aR mice, and we observed altered expression of cell-cycle associated proteins, such as p21, p53, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1. Podocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-Seq revealed the downregulation of ribosomal RNA-processing 8 (Rrp8). Overexpression of Rrp8 in Pfn1-KO podocytes partially rescued the phenotype in vitro. Clinical and ultrastructural tomographic analysis of patients with diverse proteinuric kidney diseases further validated the presence of MC podocytes and reduction in podocyte PFN1 expression within kidney tissues. These results suggest that profilin1 is essential in regulating the podocyte cell cycle and its disruption leads to MC and subsequent podocyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John Pell
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Bioinformation Department, Suzhou SITRI Institute of Immunology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paulina X. Medina Rangel
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eike Schwartze
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Soichiro Nagata
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabriel Lerner
- Departments of Surgical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Departments of Surgical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Madhav C. Menon
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Medina Rangel PX, Tian X. Understanding Nephrotic Syndrome Using Kidney Transcriptome Profiling and Computational Studies. Kidney360 2023; 4:e431-e433. [PMID: 37103957 PMCID: PMC10371383 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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Medina Rangel PX, Cross E, Liu C, Pedigo CE, Tian X, Gutiérrez-Calabrés E, Nagata S, Priyadarshini A, Lerner G, Bunda P, Perincheri S, Gu J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Inoue K, Ishibe S. Cell Cycle and Senescence Regulation by Podocyte Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:433-450. [PMID: 36414418 PMCID: PMC10103311 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The loss of integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier results in proteinuria that is often attributed to podocyte loss. Yet how damaged podocytes are lost remains unknown. Germline loss of murine podocyte-associated Hdac1 and Hdac2 ( Hdac1/2 ) results in proteinuria and collapsing glomerulopathy due to sustained double-stranded DNA damage. Hdac1/2 deletion induces loss of podocyte quiescence, cell cycle entry, arrest in G1, and podocyte senescence, observed both in vivo and in vitro . Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, podocytes secrete proteins that contribute to their detachment. These results solidify the role of HDACs in cell cycle regulation and senescence, providing important clues in our understanding of how podocytes are lost following injury. BACKGROUND Intact expression of podocyte histone deacetylases (HDAC) during development is essential for maintaining a normal glomerular filtration barrier because of its role in modulating DNA damage and preventing premature senescence. METHODS Germline podocyte-specific Hdac1 and 2 ( Hdac1 / 2 ) double-knockout mice were generated to examine the importance of these enzymes during development. RESULTS Podocyte-specific loss of Hdac1 / 2 in mice resulted in severe proteinuria, kidney failure, and collapsing glomerulopathy. Hdac1 / 2 -deprived podocytes exhibited classic characteristics of senescence, such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and lipofuscin aggregates. In addition, DNA damage, likely caused by epigenetic alterations such as open chromatin conformation, not only resulted in podocyte cell-cycle entry as shown in vivo by Ki67 expression and by FUCCI-2aR mice, but also in p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest. Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, the damaged podocytes secreted proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in subsequent podocyte detachment and loss, evidenced by senescent podocytes in urine. CONCLUSIONS Hdac1 / 2 plays an essential role during development. Loss of these genes in double knockout mice leads to sustained DNA damage and podocyte senescence and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Soichiro Nagata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gabriel Lerner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Medina Rangel PX, Ishibe S. PD-1, a New Player in Podocyte Age-Related Senescence. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:361-363. [PMID: 36403888 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Medina Rangel PX, Mier A, Moroni E, Merlier F, Gheber LA, Vago R, Maffucci I, Tse Sum Bui B, Haupt K. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanogels targeting the HAV motif in cadherins inhibit cell-cell adhesion and migration. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6688-6697. [PMID: 35583238 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are cell-surface proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion. By regulating their grip formation and strength, cadherins play a pivotal role during normal tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. However, their dysfunction is associated with cell migration and proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis. The conserved amino acid sequence His-Ala-Val (HAV) in the extracellular domain of cadherins is implicated in cadherin-mediated adhesion and migration. Antagonists of cadherin adhesion such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors based on HAV peptides, are of high therapeutic value in cancer treatment. However, antibodies are not stable outside their natural environment and are expensive to produce, while peptides have certain limitations as a drug as they are prone to proteolysis. Herein, we propose as alternative, a synthetic antibody based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanogels (MIP-NGs) to target the HAV domain. The MIP-NGs are biocompatible, have high affinity for N-cadherin and inhibit cell adhesion and migration of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells, as demonstrated by cell aggregation and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. The emergence of MIPs as therapeutics for fighting cancer is still in its infancy and this novel demonstration reinforces the fact that they have a rightful place in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina X Medina Rangel
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Alejandra Mier
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Elena Moroni
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Franck Merlier
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Levi A Gheber
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Razi Vago
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Irene Maffucci
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Karsten Haupt
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made chemical receptors that recognize and bind target molecules with a high affinity and selectivity. MIPs came into the spotlight in 1993 when they were dubbed "antibody mimics," and ever since, they have been widely studied for the extraction or trapping of chemical pollutants, in immunoassays, and for the design of sensors. Owing to novel synthesis strategies resulting in more biocompatible MIPs in the form of soluble nanogels, these synthetic antibodies have found favor in the biomedical domain since 2010, when for the first time, they were shown to capture and eliminate a toxin in live mice. This review, covering the years 2015-2020, will first describe the rationale behind these antibody mimics, and the different synthesis methods that have been employed for the preparation of MIPs destined for in vitro and in vivo targeting and bioimaging of cancer biomarkers, an emerging and fast-growing area of MIP applications. MIPs have been synthesized for targeting and visualizing glycans and protein-based cell receptors overexpressed in certain diseases, which are well-known biomarkers for example for tumors. When loaded with drugs, the MIPs could locally kill the tumor cells, making them efficient therapeutic agents. We will end the review by reporting how MIPs themselves can act as therapeutics by inhibiting cancer growth. These works mark a new opening in the use of MIPs for antibody therapy and even immunotherapy, as materials of the future in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Haupt
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Paulina X Medina Rangel
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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Medina Rangel PX, Moroni E, Merlier F, Gheber LA, Vago R, Tse Sum Bui B, Haupt K. Chemical Antibody Mimics Inhibit Cadherin‐Mediated Cell–Cell Adhesion: A Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2816-2822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina X. Medina Rangel
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Elena Moroni
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Levi A. Gheber
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Razi Vago
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
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Medina Rangel PX, Moroni E, Merlier F, Gheber LA, Vago R, Tse Sum Bui B, Haupt K. Chemical Antibody Mimics Inhibit Cadherin‐Mediated Cell–Cell Adhesion: A Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina X. Medina Rangel
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Elena Moroni
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Levi A. Gheber
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Razi Vago
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Sorbonne UniversitésUniversité de Technologie de CompiègneUMR CNRS 7025Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319 60203 Compiègne France
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Mier A, Nestora S, Medina Rangel PX, Rossez Y, Haupt K, Tse Sum Bui B. Cytocompatibility of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Deodorants: Evaluation on Human Keratinocytes and Axillary-Hosted Bacteria. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:3439-3447. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sofia Nestora
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Paulina X. Medina Rangel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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Demir B, Lemberger MM, Panagiotopoulou M, Medina Rangel PX, Timur S, Hirsch T, Tse Sum Bui B, Wegener J, Haupt K. Tracking Hyaluronan: Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coated Carbon Dots for Cancer Cell Targeting and Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:3305-3313. [PMID: 29299913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
War against cancer constantly requires new affinity tools to selectively detect, localize, and quantify biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. Herein, carbon nanodots (CDs), an emerging class of fluorescent nanomaterials, coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are employed as a biocompatible optical imaging tool for probing cancer biomarkers. First, N-doped CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using starch as carbon source and l-tryptophan as nitrogen atom provider to achieve a high quantum yield of 25.1 ± 2%. The CDs have a typical size of ∼3.2 nm and produce an intense fluorescence at 450 nm upon excitation with UV light. A MIP shell for specific recognition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) was then synthesized around the CDs, using the emission of the CDs as an internal light source for photopolymerization. GlcA is a substructure (epitope) of hyaluronan, a biomarker for certain cancers. The biotargeting and bioimaging of hyaluronan on fixated human cervical cancer cells using CD core-MIP shell nanocomposites is demonstrated. Human keratinocytes were used as noncancerous reference cells and indeed, less staining was observed by the CD-MIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Demir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University , 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Michael M Lemberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Panagiotopoulou
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Paulina X Medina Rangel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University , 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University , 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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