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Soares LMC, Pereira AHB, de Campos CG, Rocha LS, Dos Santos TÁ, Souza MA, Jark PC, Pescador CA. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Thyroid Carcinoma in the Dog. J Comp Pathol 2020; 177:34-41. [PMID: 32505238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinomas are a common form of endocrine neoplasia in dogs. In the present study, we combined histopathology with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to search for the presence of oestrogen receptor alpha (ORα), Cox-2 and Ki67 in canine thyroid carcinomas. Forty-eight thyroid carcinomas were diagnosed throughout the study period. Thyroglobulin and calcitonin IHC distinguished between thyroid tumours with a follicular and medullary (C-cell) origin, respectively. IHC-based diagnosis showed that 42 (87.50%) of the cases were follicular cell carcinoma. In these cases, the follicular-compact pattern was the most frequent (n = 20/42; 47.62%) and six cases (12.5%) were medullary cell (C-cell) carcinomas. Both medullary (C-cell) and follicular carcinomas expressed Ki67 and Cox-2. No differences were observed between medullary and follicular carcinomas with respect to expression of Ki67 (P = 0.34) and Cox-2 (P = 0.9523) markers. A total of 4.17% (n = 2/48) of thyroid carcinomas showed positive nuclear labelling for ORα, suggesting that oestrogen does not directly participate in the pathogenesis of canine thyroid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M C Soares
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A H B Pereira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - C G de Campos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - L S Rocha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - T Á Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - M A Souza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - P C Jark
- Department of Medical Clinics, University of Brazil, Fernandópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Pescador
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Heaton CM, Fernandes AFA, Jark PC, Pan X. Evaluation of toceranib for treatment of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:873-881. [PMID: 31977135 PMCID: PMC7096647 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no widely accepted standard medical treatment for apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) in dogs. Targeted agents such as toceranib may be effective in treatment of AGASACA, but the number of clinical reports investigating its efficacy is limited. HYPOTHESIS/AIM To evaluate the efficacy of toceranib treatment of AGASACA in dogs, and to assess prognostic factors in the study population. Our hypothesis was that toceranib would provide a clinical benefit in the treatment of dogs with AGASACA. ANIMALS Thirty-six client-owned dogs with either a cytologic or histologic diagnosis of AGASACA that were treated with toceranib alone or in combination with surgery, nonconcurrent chemotherapy or both. METHODS Retrospective study. RESULT The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival time (OST) for the study population was 313 days and 827 days, respectively. A clinical benefit from toceranib treatment was observed in 69% of dogs, with 20.7% of dogs experiencing partial response and 48.3% of dogs experiencing stable disease. Dogs that responded to toceranib treatment had significantly prolonged PFS and OST. Hypercalcemia was a negative prognostic factor for clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Toceranib is effective in the treatment of AGASACA in dogs. Prospective, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of toceranib in comparison to other treatment protocols for dogs with AGASACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Heaton
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | | | - Paulo C. Jark
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin,Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho‐Campus de JaboticabalJaboticabalSPBrazil
| | - Xuan Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin,Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
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Assumpção ALFV, Jark PC, Hong CC, Lu Z, Ruetten HM, Heaton CM, Pinkerton ME, Pan X. STAT3 Expression and Activity are Up-Regulated in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma of Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:361-369. [PMID: 29119628 PMCID: PMC5787155 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Janus Kinase (JAK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in humans, and up‐regulated STAT3 expression and activity are associated with worse clinical outcome in humans. No studies have evaluated the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway in DLBCL of dogs. Hypothesis STAT3 pathway is deregulated in DLBCL in dogs. We aim to assess the expression, activation, and cellular localization of STAT3 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase ERK1/2 in DLBCL of dogs. Animals Forty‐three client‐owned dogs diagnosed with DLBCL by histopathology Methods Retrospective analysis of DLBCL in dogs, including patient characteristics and treatment, immunohistochemistry, and protein expressions by Western blot. Results A higher percentage of STAT3 and p‐STAT3 immunolabelled cells were observed in DLBCL of dogs when compared to normal canine lymph nodes. In STAT3 immunolabelled cells, STAT3 has higher nuclear expression in lymphoma samples than in normal or reactive lymph nodes. In addition to up‐regulated STAT3 expression and activation, mitogen‐activated kinase ERK1/2 activation is up‐regulated in DLBCL of dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Compared with the normal canine lymph node, DLBCL of dogs has up‐regulated STAT3 pathway. Our results support future investigation of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of DLBCL in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L F V Assumpção
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P C Jark
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho-Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - C C Hong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H M Ruetten
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C M Heaton
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M E Pinkerton
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Lu Z, Hong CC, Jark PC, Assumpção ALFV, Bollig N, Kong G, Pan X. JAK1/2 Inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 Inhibit Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Growth by Increasing Apoptosis and Disrupting Cell Proliferation. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1804-1815. [PMID: 28960447 PMCID: PMC5697192 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and aggressive hematologic malignancy. The lack of conventional therapies with sustainable efficacy warrants further investigation of novel therapeutics. The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies in humans including DLBCLs. AZD1480 and CYT387 are novel JAK1/2 inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials for treating various hematologic cancers in humans. No studies have characterized the antitumor effects of JAK inhibitors on DLBCL in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesize that JAK1/2 inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 can effectively inhibit growth of canine DLBCL in vitro. We aim to assess the antitumor activity of AZD1480 and CYT387 in canine DLBCL and to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods In vitro study of canine lymphoma cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays. Results A significant decrease in viable canine lymphoma cells was observed after AZD1480 and CYT387 treatments. In addition, AZD1480 and CYT387 treatment resulted in decreased lymphoma cell proliferation and increased early apoptosis. Conclusion and Clinical Importance AZD1480 and CYT387 inhibit canine lymphoma cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings justify further phase I/II clinical investigations of the safety and efficacy of JAK1/2 inhibitors in canine DLBCL and suggest new opportunities for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - C C Hong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - P C Jark
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Universidae Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho-Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F V Assumpção
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - N Bollig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - G Kong
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Jark PC, Mundin DBP, de Carvalho M, Ferioli RB, Anai LA, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR, Laufer-Amorim R, Tinucci-Costa M. Genomic copy number variation associated with clinical outcome in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:26-30. [PMID: 28266316 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are the most common malignant cutaneous tumors in dogs. Although there are several prognostic factors involved, the clinical and biological behavior of this type of tumor varies greatly, making the best choice of treatment challenging. Molecular techniques can be used to evaluate a large number of genes involved in the neoplastic process and aid in the selection of candidate genes related to prognostic and predicting factors. Identification of the genes associated with tumor development and progression can be performed through the analysis of numerical and structural changes in DNA isolated from tumor cells by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The aim of this study was to compare copy number variations (CNVs) in cutaneous mast cell tumors of dogs that survived less than six (ST<6) and >12months (ST>12) from the date of diagnosis. Ten animals were used: four from Group ST>12 and six from Group ST<6. Genomic DNA was extracted, and aCGH was performed using Agilent Canine Genome CGH Microarray 4×180 (ID-252 552 - Agilent, USA). Data analysis was carried out using Nexus program version 5.0 (Biodiscovery, USA). The group ST>12 presented 11±3.3 CNVs, while the ST<6 group presented 85±38.5 CNVs. Regions of loss in PTEN and FAS as well as regions of gains in MAPK3, WNT5B, FGF, FOXM1 and RAD51 were detected in mast cell tumors with shorter survival times, and thus, worst prognoses, allowing for the identification of potential candidate genes for more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Jark
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcio de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel B Ferioli
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Anai
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio A Marchi
- Neogene Laboratory, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R Rogatto
- Neogene Laboratory, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jark PC, Raposo-Ferreira TMM, Terra EM, Sierra Matiz OR, Anai LA, Fonseca-Alves CE, Tinucci-Costa M, Laufer-Amorim R, De Nardi AB. Paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis syndrome in a cat with recurrent mammary carcinoma. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915608202. [PMID: 28491389 PMCID: PMC5361992 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915608202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A spayed 12-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with nodular lesions on the ventral-right thoracic wall after complete mastectomy 4 months previously. The prior diagnosis was tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis, and a recurrence was confirmed. A gradual and sequential increase in the total number of leukocytes with severe neutrophilia (95.632/µl) developed over the course of the illness, along with an increase in the size of the recurrent mass. The severe leukocytosis did not show any response to antibiotic therapy, and no evidence of infection was observed. Bone marrow cytology confirmed hypercellularity in the myeloid cell lineage. Based on these findings, paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis syndrome was suspected. An incisional biopsy of the recurrent mass was consistent with recurrent tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma. Malignant epithelial cells stained positive upon immunohistochemistry for granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cytokeratin and vimentin. After the final diagnosis of paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis syndrome, the cat was euthanized at the owner’s request. Relevance and novel information This is a novel case of paraneoplastic leukocytosis syndrome associated with mammary carcinoma in a cat. Although there are some reports describing paraneoplastic leukocytosis in cats, the relationship between this syndrome and feline mammary tumors has not been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Jark
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita MM Raposo-Ferreira
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika M Terra
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar R Sierra Matiz
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oscar Rodrigo Sierra Matiz MV, São Paulo State University, Av Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Anai
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Pathology Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary and Zootechnical Medicine, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Pathology Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary and Zootechnical Medicine, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrigo B De Nardi
- Clinical Veterinary Department, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bottari NB, Munhoz TD, Torbitz VD, Tonin AA, Anai LA, Semolin LMS, Jark PC, Bollick YS, Moresco RN, França RT, Lopes STA, Stefani LM, Tinucci-Costa M, Silva ASD. Oxidative stress in dogs with multicentric lymphoma: Effect of chemotherapy on oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers. Redox Rep 2015; 20:267-74. [PMID: 26274787 PMCID: PMC6837369 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancer in dogs, characterized by the proliferation of lymphoid cells. The treatment of this type of cancer is usually based on drugs with high toxicity, which can cause severe side effects. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in dogs with multicentric lymphoma before and after chemotherapy. METHODS For this purpose, serum samples of 25 dogs diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma and 15 healthy dogs were used. The animals were exposed to CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone) and serum samples were collected 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS High levels of TBARS, AOPP, and FRAP were observed in sera of dogs with multicentric lymphoma when compared to healthy dogs (P < 0.01), and even higher levels (TBARS and AOPP) were found after chemotherapy i.e. treatment exacerbated the oxidative stress levels. On the other hand, FRAP levels did not differ statistically between animals with lymphoma before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Exacerbated oxidative stress was observed in dogs with multicentric lymphoma Group II (Stage IV-V: involvement of lymph nodes and organs) compared to those in Group I (Stage I-III: only affected lymph nodes) of the disease, as well as the dogs with clinical signs and T immunophenotype. Another important result was observed after chemotherapy, where FRAP levels were higher in dogs that showed complete disease remission compared to animals with progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, dogs with lymphoma showed protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, as well as increased total antioxidants before and after chemotherapy compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B. Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Thiago D. Munhoz
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa D. Torbitz
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Tonin
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Letícia A. Anai
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia M. S. Semolin
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Jark
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Yãnaí S. Bollick
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N. Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T. França
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Sonia T. A. Lopes
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Lenita M. Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S. Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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