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Střížek A, Přibyl P, Lukeš M, Grivalský T, Kopecký J, Galica T, Hrouzek P. Hibberdia magna (Chrysophyceae): a promising freshwater fucoxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acid producer. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:73. [PMID: 37076862 PMCID: PMC10116740 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Algae are prominent producers of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids which are greatly prized in the food and pharmaceutic industry. Fucoxanthin represents a notable high-value carotenoid produced exclusively by algae. Its benefits range far beyond just antioxidant activity and include cancer prevention, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and many other positive effects. Accordingly, large-scale microalgae cultivation to produce fucoxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids is still under intensive development in the commercial and academic sectors. Industrially exploitable strains are predominantly derived from marine species while comparable freshwater fucoxanthin producers have yet to be explored. RESULTS In this study, we searched for freshwater fucoxanthin producers among photoautotrophic flagellates including members of the class Chrysophyceae. The initial screening turned our attention to the chrysophyte alga Hibberdia magna. We performed a comprehensive cultivation experiments using a temperature × light cross-gradient to assess the impact of these conditions on the target compounds productivity. Here we present the observations that H. magna simultaneously produces fucoxanthin (max. 1.2% dry biomass) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (max. ~ 9.9% dry biomass) and is accessible to routine cultivation in lab-scale conditions. The highest biomass yields were 3.73 g L-1 accompanied by maximal volumetric productivity of 0.54 g L-1 d-1 which are comparable values to marine microalgae fucoxanthin producers in phototrophic mode. H. magna demonstrated different optimal conditions for biomass, fucoxanthin, and fatty acid accumulation. While maximal fucoxanthin productivities were obtained in dim light and moderate temperatures (23 °C× 80 µmol m-2 s-1), the highest PUFA and overall biomass productivities were found in low temperature and high light (17-20 °C × 320-480 µmol m-2 s-1). Thus, a smart biotechnology setup should be designed to fully utilize H. magna biotechnological potential. CONCLUSIONS Our research brings pioneer insight into the biotechnology potential of freshwater autotrophic flagellates and highlights their ability to produce high-value compounds. Freshwater fucoxanthin-producing species are of special importance as the use of sea-water-based media may increase cultivation costs and prohibits inland microalgae production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Střížek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Přibyl
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grivalský
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kopecký
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Galica
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic.
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Halaj M, Matulová M, Šutovská M, Barboríková J, Kazimierová I, Fraňová S, Přibyl P, Cepák V, Lukavský J, Capek P. Chemico-physical and pharmacodynamic properties of extracellular Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides biopolymer. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:215-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yurchenko T, Ševčíková T, Přibyl P, El Karkouri K, Klimeš V, Amaral R, Zbránková V, Kim E, Raoult D, Santos LMA, Eliáš M. A gene transfer event suggests a long-term partnership between eustigmatophyte algae and a novel lineage of endosymbiotic bacteria. ISME J 2018; 12:2163-2175. [PMID: 29880910 PMCID: PMC6092422 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsiales are obligate intracellular bacteria originally found in metazoans, but more recently recognized as widespread endosymbionts of various protists. One genus was detected also in several green algae, but reports on rickettsialean endosymbionts in other algal groups are lacking. Here we show that several distantly related eustigmatophytes (coccoid algae belonging to Ochrophyta, Stramenopiles) are infected by Candidatus Phycorickettsia gen. nov., a new member of the family Rickettsiaceae. The genome sequence of Ca. Phycorickettsia trachydisci sp. nov., an endosymbiont of Trachydiscus minutus CCALA 838, revealed genomic features (size, GC content, number of genes) typical for other Rickettsiales, but some unusual aspects of the gene content were noted. Specifically, Phycorickettsia lacks genes for several components of the respiration chain, haem biosynthesis pathway, or c-di-GMP-based signalling. On the other hand, it uniquely harbours a six-gene operon of enigmatic function that we recently reported from plastid genomes of two distantly related eustigmatophytes and from various non-rickettsialean bacteria. Strikingly, the eustigmatophyte operon is closely related to the one from Phycorickettsia, suggesting a gene transfer event between the endosymbiont and host lineages in early eustigmatophyte evolution. We hypothesize an important role of the operon in the physiology of Phycorickettsia infection and a long-term eustigmatophyte-Phycorickettsia coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yurchenko
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Environmental Technologies, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Přibyl
- Centre for Phycology and Biorefinery Research Centre of Competence, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
| | - Khalid El Karkouri
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, INSERMU1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille cedex 5, 13385, France
| | - Vladimír Klimeš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Raquel Amaral
- Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Veronika Zbránková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, INSERMU1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille cedex 5, 13385, France
| | - Lilia M A Santos
- Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, Institute of Environmental Technologies, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.
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Žižková E, Kubeš M, Dobrev PI, Přibyl P, Šimura J, Zahajská L, Záveská Drábková L, Novák O, Motyka V. Control of cytokinin and auxin homeostasis in cyanobacteria and algae. Ann Bot 2017; 119:151-166. [PMID: 27707748 PMCID: PMC5218379 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The metabolism of cytokinins (CKs) and auxins in vascular plants is relatively well understood, but data concerning their metabolic pathways in non-vascular plants are still rather rare. With the aim of filling this gap, 20 representatives of taxonomically major lineages of cyanobacteria and algae from Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Porphyridiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Zygnematophyceae and Klebsormidiophyceae were analysed for endogenous profiles of CKs and auxins and some of them were used for studies of the metabolic fate of exogenously applied radiolabelled CK, [3H]trans-zeatin (transZ) and auxin ([3H]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), and the dynamics of endogenous CK and auxin pools during algal growth and cell division. METHODS Quantification of phytohormone levels was performed by high-performance or ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS/MS). The dynamics of exogenously applied [3H]transZ and [3H]IAA in cell cultures were monitored by HPLC with on-line radioactivity detection. KEY RESULTS The comprehensive screen of selected cyanobacteria and algae for endogenous CKs revealed a predominance of bioactive and phosphate CK forms while O- and N-glucosides evidently did not contribute greatly to the total CK pool. The abundance of cis-zeatin-type CKs and occurrence of CK 2-methylthio derivatives pointed to the tRNA pathway as a substantial source of CKs. The importance of the tRNA biosynthetic pathway was proved by the detection of tRNA-bound CKs during the course of Scenedesmus obliquus growth. Among auxins, free IAA and its oxidation catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid represented the prevailing endogenous forms. After treatment with [3H]IAA, IAA-aspartate and indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester were detected as major auxin metabolites. Moreover, different dynamics of endogenous CKs and auxin profiles during S. obliquus culture clearly demonstrated diverse roles of both phytohormones in algal growth and cell division. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the existence and functioning of a complex network of metabolic pathways and activity control of CKs and auxins in cyanobacteria and algae that apparently differ from those in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Žižková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubeš
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Přibyl
- Centre for Phycology and Biorefinery Research Centre of Competence, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zahajská
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Department of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Institute of Botany CAS, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ševčíková T, Horák A, Klimeš V, Zbránková V, Demir-Hilton E, Sudek S, Jenkins J, Schmutz J, Přibyl P, Fousek J, Vlček Č, Lang BF, Oborník M, Worden AZ, Eliáš M. Updating algal evolutionary relationships through plastid genome sequencing: did alveolate plastids emerge through endosymbiosis of an ochrophyte? Sci Rep 2015; 5:10134. [PMID: 26017773 PMCID: PMC4603697 DOI: 10.1038/srep10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae with secondary plastids of a red algal origin, such as ochrophytes (photosynthetic stramenopiles), are diverse and ecologically important, yet their evolutionary history remains controversial. We sequenced plastid genomes of two ochrophytes, Ochromonas sp. CCMP1393 (Chrysophyceae) and Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyceae). A shared split of the clpC gene as well as phylogenomic analyses of concatenated protein sequences demonstrated that chrysophytes and eustigmatophytes form a clade, the Limnista, exhibiting an unexpectedly elevated rate of plastid gene evolution. Our analyses also indicate that the root of the ochrophyte phylogeny falls between the recently redefined Khakista and Phaeista assemblages. Taking advantage of the expanded sampling of plastid genome sequences, we revisited the phylogenetic position of the plastid of Vitrella brassicaformis, a member of Alveolata with the least derived plastid genome known for the whole group. The results varied depending on the dataset and phylogenetic method employed, but suggested that the Vitrella plastids emerged from a deep ochrophyte lineage rather than being derived vertically from a hypothetical plastid-bearing common ancestor of alveolates and stramenopiles. Thus, we hypothesize that the plastid in Vitrella, and potentially in other alveolates, may have been acquired by an endosymbiosis of an early ochrophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Ševčíková
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Horák
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Klimeš
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zbránková
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Elif Demir-Hilton
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Sebastian Sudek
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way NW, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Pavel Přibyl
- Centre for Algology and Biorefinery Research Centre of Competence, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fousek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vlček
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - B Franz Lang
- Département de Biochimie, Centre Robert-Cedergren, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Z Worden
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.,Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Marek Eliáš
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Life Science Research Centre, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Fernandes B, Teixeira J, Dragone G, Vicente AA, Kawano S, Bišová K, Přibyl P, Zachleder V, Vítová M. Relationship between starch and lipid accumulation induced by nutrient depletion and replenishment in the microalga Parachlorella kessleri. Bioresour Technol 2013; 144:268-74. [PMID: 23876655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon partitioning into starch and neutral lipids, as well as the influence of nutrient depletion and replenishment on growth, pigments and storage compounds, were studied in the microalga, Parachlorella kessleri. Starch was utilized as a primary carbon and energy storage compound, but nutrient depletion drove the microalgae to channel fixed carbon into lipids as secondary storage compounds. Nutrient depletion inhibited both cellular division and growth and caused degradation of chlorophyll. Starch content decreased from an initial value of 25, to around 10% of dry weight (DW), while storage lipids increased from almost 0 to about 29% of DW. After transfer of cells into replenished mineral medium, growth, reproductive processes and chlorophyll content recovered within 2 days, while the content of both starch and lipids decreased markedly to 3 or less % of DW; this suggested that they were being used as a source of energy and carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Li X, Přibyl P, Bišová K, Kawano S, Cepák V, Zachleder V, Čížková M, Brányiková I, Vítová M. The microalga Parachlorella kessleri--a novel highly efficient lipid producer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:97-107. [PMID: 22766749 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The alga Parachlorella kessleri, strain CCALA 255, grown under optimal conditions, is characterized by storage of energy in the form of starch rather than lipids. If grown in the complete medium, the cultures grew rapidly, producing large amounts of biomass in a relatively short time. The cells, however, contained negligible lipid reserves (1-10% of DW). Treatments inducing hyperproduction of storage lipids in P. kessleri biomass were described. The cultures were grown in the absence or fivefold decreased concentration of either nitrogen or phosphorus or sulfur. Limitation by all elements using fivefold or 10-fold diluted mineral medium was also tested. Limitation with any macroelement (nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus) led to an increase in the amount of lipids; nitrogen limitation was the most effective. Diluted nutrient media (5- or 10-fold) were identified as the best method to stimulate lipid overproduction (60% of DW). The strategy for lipid overproduction consists of the fast growth of P. kessleri culture grown in the complete medium to produce sufficient biomass (DW more than 10 g/L) followed by the dilution of nutrient medium to stop growth and cell division by limitation of all elements, leading to induction of lipid production and accumulation up to 60% DW. Cultivation conditions necessary for maximizing lipid content in P. kessleri biomass generated in a scale-up solar open thin-layer photobioreactor were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle of Algae, Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Hyka P, Lickova S, Přibyl P, Melzoch K, Kovar K. Flow cytometry for the development of biotechnological processes with microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:2-16. [PMID: 22561949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The current interest in microalgae as a sustainable source of next generation biofuels and other valuable substances is driving exploration of their use as unique biotechnological production systems. To design and optimise appropriate production strategies, the behaviour of particular microalgal species should be well characterised under different culture conditions. Thus, flow cytometric (FCM) methods, which are already well established in environmental and toxicological studies of microalgae, are also useful for analysing the physiological state of microalgae, and have the potential to contribute to the rapid development of feasible bioprocesses. These methods are commonly based on the examination of intrinsic features of individual cells within a population (such as autofluorescence or size). Cells possessing the desired physiological or morphological features, which are detectable with or without fluorescent staining, are counted or isolated (sorted) using an FCM device. The options for implementation of FCM in the development of biotechnological processes detailed in this review are (i) analysing the chemical composition of biomass, (ii) monitoring cellular enzyme activity and cell viability, and (iii) sorting cells to isolate those overproducing the target compound or for the preparation of axenic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Campus Grüental, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Přibyl P, Cepák V, Zachleder V. Production of lipids in 10 strains of Chlorella and Parachlorella, and enhanced lipid productivity in Chlorella vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:549-61. [PMID: 22361856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We tested 10 different Chlorella and Parachlorella strains under lipid induction growth conditions in autotrophic laboratory cultures. Between tested strains, substantial differences in both biomass and lipid productivity as well as in the final content of lipids were found. The most productive strain (Chlorella vulgaris CCALA 256) was subsequently studied in detail. The availability of nitrates and/or phosphates strongly influenced growth and accumulation of lipids in cells by affecting cell division. Nutrient limitation substantially enhanced lipid productivity up to a maximal value of 1.5 g l(-1) day(-1). We also demonstrated the production of lipids through large-scale cultivation of C. vulgaris in a thin layer photobioreactor, even under suboptimal conditions. After 8 days of cultivation, maximal lipid productivity was 0.33 g l(-1) day(-1), biomass density was 5.7 g l(-1) dry weight and total lipid content was more than 30% dry weight. C. vulgaris lipids comprise fatty acids with a relatively high degree of saturation compared with canola oil offering a possible alternative to the use of higher plant oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Přibyl
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Czech Republic.
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Přibyl P, Eliáš M, Cepák V, Lukavský J, Kaštánek P. ZOOSPOROGENESIS, MORPHOLOGY, ULTRASTRUCTURE, PIGMENT COMPOSITION, AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF TRACHYDISCUS MINUTUS (EUSTIGMATOPHYCEAE, HETEROKONTOPHYTA)(1). J Phycol 2012; 48:231-242. [PMID: 27009667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The traditional order Mischococcales (Xanthophyceae) is polyphyletic with some original members now classified in a separate class, Eustigmatophyceae. However, most mischococcalean species have not yet been studied in detail, raising the possibility that many of them still remain misplaced. We established an algal culture (strain CCALA 838) determined as one such species, Trachydiscus minutus (Bourr.) H. Ettl, and studied the morphology, ultrastructure, life cycle, pigment composition, and phylogeny using the 18S rRNA gene. We discovered a zoosporic part of the life cycle of this alga. Zoospore production was induced by darkness, suppressed by light, and was temperature dependent. The zoospores possessed one flagellum covered with mastigonemes and exhibited a basal swelling, but a stigma was missing. Ultrastructural investigations of vegetative cells revealed plastids lacking both a connection to the nuclear envelope and a girdle lamella. Moreover, we described biogenesis of oil bodies on the ultrastructural level. Photosynthetic pigments of T. minutus included as the major carotenoids violaxanthin and vaucheriaxanthin (ester); we detected no chl c. An 18S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis placed T. minutus in a clade with species of the genus Pseudostaurastrum and with Goniochloris sculpta Geitler, which form a sister branch to initially studied Eustigmatophyceae. In summary, our results are inconsistent with classifying T. minutus as a xanthophycean and indicate that it is a member of a novel deep lineage of the class Eustigmatophyceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Přibyl
- Algological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech Republic Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague CZ-128 01, Czech Republic Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Slezská Ostrava CZ-710 00, Czech RepublicAlgological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech RepublicEcoFuel Laboratories Ltd., Sázavská 17, Prague CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Algological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech Republic Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague CZ-128 01, Czech Republic Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Slezská Ostrava CZ-710 00, Czech RepublicAlgological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech RepublicEcoFuel Laboratories Ltd., Sázavská 17, Prague CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Cepák
- Algological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech Republic Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague CZ-128 01, Czech Republic Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Slezská Ostrava CZ-710 00, Czech RepublicAlgological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech RepublicEcoFuel Laboratories Ltd., Sázavská 17, Prague CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Lukavský
- Algological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech Republic Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague CZ-128 01, Czech Republic Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Slezská Ostrava CZ-710 00, Czech RepublicAlgological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech RepublicEcoFuel Laboratories Ltd., Sázavská 17, Prague CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaštánek
- Algological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech Republic Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague CZ-128 01, Czech Republic Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Slezská Ostrava CZ-710 00, Czech RepublicAlgological Centre and Centre for Bioindication and Revitalisation, Institute of Botany, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň CZ-379 82, Czech RepublicEcoFuel Laboratories Ltd., Sázavská 17, Prague CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
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Přibyl P, Cepák V, Zachleder V. Cytoskeletal alterations in interphase cells of the green alga Spirogyra decimina in response to heavy metals exposure: II. The effect of aluminium, nickel and copper. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1160-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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