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Shih PY, Kreir M, Kumar D, Seibt F, Pestana F, Schmid B, Holst B, Clausen C, Steeg R, Fischer B, Pita-Almenar J, Ebneth A, Cabrera-Socorro A. Development of a fully human assay combining NGN2-inducible neurons co-cultured with iPSC-derived astrocytes amenable for electrophysiological studies. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102386. [PMID: 34229210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenin 2 encodes a neural-specific transcription factor (NGN2) able to drive neuronal fate on somatic and stem cells. NGN2 is expressed in neural progenitors within the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Overexpression of NGN2 in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) or human embryonic stem cells has been shown to efficiently trigger conversion to neurons. Here we describe two gene-edited hiPSC lines harbouring a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible cassette in the AAVS1 locus driving expression of NGN2 (BIONi010-C-13) or NGN2-T2A-GFP (BIONi010-C-15). By introducing NGN2-expressing cassette, we reduce variability associated with conventional over-expression methods such as viral transduction, making these lines amenable for scale-up production and screening processes. DOX-treated hiPSCs convert to neural phenotype within one week and display the expression of structural neuronal markers such as Beta-III tubulin and tau. We performed functional characterization of NGN2-neurons co-cultured with hiPSC-derived astrocytes in a "fully-humanized" set up. Passive properties of NGN2-neurons were indistinguishable from mouse primary cells while displaying variable activity in extracellular recordings performed in multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). We demonstrate that hiPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons can be co-cultured and display functional properties comparable to the gold standard used in electrophysiology. Both lines are globally available via EBiSC repository at https://cells.ebisc.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Shih
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Seibt
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer S/A, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | - Benjamin Fischer
- Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Ebneth
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Neyrinck K, Van Den Daele J, Vervliet T, De Smedt J, Wierda K, Nijs M, Vanbokhoven T, D'hondt A, Planque M, Fendt SM, Shih PY, Seibt F, Almenar JP, Kreir M, Kumar D, Broccoli V, Bultynck G, Ebneth A, Cabrera-Socorro A, Verfaillie C. SOX9-induced Generation of Functional Astrocytes Supporting Neuronal Maturation in an All-human System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1855-1873. [PMID: 33982246 PMCID: PMC8553725 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the main supportive cell type of the brain, show functional impairments upon ageing and in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Limited access to human astroglia for pre-clinical studies has been a major bottleneck delaying our understanding of their role in brain health and disease. We demonstrate here that functionally mature human astrocytes can be generated by SOX9 overexpression for 6 days in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural progenitor cells. Inducible (i)SOX9-astrocytes display functional properties comparable to primary human astrocytes comprising glutamate uptake, induced calcium responses and cytokine/growth factor secretion. Importantly, electrophysiological properties of iNGN2-neurons co-cultured with iSOX9-astrocytes are indistinguishable from gold-standard murine primary cultures. The high yield, fast timing and the possibility to cryopreserve iSOX9-astrocytes without losing functional properties makes them suitable for scaled-up production for high-throughput analyses. Our findings represent a step forward to an all-human iPSC-derived neural model for drug development in neuroscience and towards the reduction of animal use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Neyrinck
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Johanna Van Den Daele
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Smedt
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expert Unit, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa Nijs
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanbokhoven
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Astrid D'hondt
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncoloy, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncoloy, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pei-Yu Shih
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Frederik Seibt
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Juan Pita Almenar
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Shih PY, Liao YT, Tseng YK, Deng FS, Lin CH. A Potential Antifungal Effect of Chitosan Against Candida albicans Is Mediated via the Inhibition of SAGA Complex Component Expression and the Subsequent Alteration of Cell Surface Integrity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:602. [PMID: 30972050 PMCID: PMC6443709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of nosocomial Candida albicans infection, the first-line drugs for C. albicans infection have been heavily used, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains has gradually increased. Thus, a new antifungal drug or therapeutic method is needed. Chitosan, a product of chitin deacetylation, is considered to be potentially therapeutic for fungal infections because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. The biocidal action of chitosan against C. albicans shows great commercial potential, but the exact mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial activity are unclear. To reveal these mechanisms, mutant library screening was performed. ADA2 gene, which encodes a histone acetylation coactivator in the SAGA complex, was identified. Transmission electronic microscopy images showed that the surface of chitosan-treated ada2Δ cells was substantially disrupted and displayed an irregular morphology. Interestingly, the cell wall of ada2Δ cells was significantly thinner than that of wild-type cells, with a thickness similar to that seen in the chitosan-treated wild-type strain. Although ADA2 is required for chitosan tolerance, expression of ADA2 and several Ada2-mediated cell wall-related genes (ALS2, PGA45, and ACE2) and efflux transporter genes (MDR1 and CDR1) were significantly inhibited by chitosan. Furthermore, GCN5 encoding a SAGA complex catalytic subunit was inhibited by chitosan, and gcn5Δ cells exhibited phenotypes comparable to those of ada2Δ cells in response to chitosan and other cell surface-disrupting agents. This study demonstrated that a potential antifungal mechanism of chitosan against C. albicans operates by inhibiting SAGA complex gene expression, which decreases the protection of the cell surface against chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Shih
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Tseng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Deng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu YW, Gordleeva S, Tang X, Shih PY, Dembitskaya Y, Semyanov A. Morphological profile determines the frequency of spontaneous calcium events in astrocytic processes. Glia 2018; 67:246-262. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Wu
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica; Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Susan Gordleeva
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
| | - Pei-Yu Shih
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
| | - Yulia Dembitskaya
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; Moscow Russia
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Lin CY, Shih PY, Ku LJE. Activities of daily living function and neuropsychiatric symptoms of people with dementia and caregiver burden: The mediating role of caregiving hours. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 81:25-30. [PMID: 30496871 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the presence of neuropsychiatric behaviors and the decreased ability for activities of daily living (ADLs), family caregivers experience high burden levels in caring for people with dementia (PWD). This study sought to test the mediating role of caregiving hours in association with PWDs' ability for basic activities of daily living (BADL) function or neuropsychiatric behaviors and caregiver burden. METHODS This study used two waves of survey data, collected between 2013 and 2016, from 186 PWD-caregiver dyads in a dementia clinic at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Two sets of multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships between the changes in patients' BADL function, patients' neuropsychiatric behaviors, caregiving hours in ADL (including BADL and Instrumental ADL), and caregiver burden (measured using Zarit Burden Interview). Bootstrapping methods were used to detect the mediating effects of caregiving hours in ADL if the 95% confidence interval (CI) did not cover 0. RESULTS Caregiving hours in BADL mediated the relationship of PWDs' BADL function and caregiver burden (effect = -0.0137, 95% bootstrap CI = -0.0379, -0.0003). However, such mediating effects were not found in the relationship of PWDs' neuropsychiatric behaviors and caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS In order to relieve caregiver burden, respite care services for caregivers for PWD should target services that assist with PWD's BADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Yu Shih
- ESH (Environment Safety and Health) Management Department, Innolux Corporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lee HJ, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Wu X, Shih PY, Liao CS, Bungart B, Xu XM, Drenan R, Bartlett E, Cheng JX. Label-Free Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging of Neuronal Membrane Potential. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1932-1936. [PMID: 28407470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Detecting membrane potentials is critical for understanding how neuronal networks process information. We report a vibrational spectroscopic signature of neuronal membrane potentials identified through hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging of patched primary neurons. High-speed SRS imaging allowed direct visualization of puff-induced depolarization of multiple neurons in mouse brain slices, confirmed by simultaneous calcium imaging. The observed signature, partially dependent on sodium ion influx, is interpreted as ion interactions on the CH3 Fermi resonance peak in proteins. By implementing a dual-SRS balanced detection scheme, we detected single action potentials in electrically stimulated neurons. These results collectively demonstrate the potential of sensing neuronal activities at multiple sites with a label-free vibrational microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
- Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Delong Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
- Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-2266, United States
| | - Pei-Yu Shih
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chien-Sheng Liao
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
| | - Brittani Bungart
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
- MD PhD Program, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-2266, United States
| | - Ryan Drenan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Edward Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
- Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2032, United States
- Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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Ku LJE, Pai MC, Shih PY. Economic Impact of Dementia by Disease Severity: Exploring the Relationship between Stage of Dementia and Cost of Care in Taiwan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148779. [PMID: 26859891 PMCID: PMC4747483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the shortage of cost-of-illness studies in dementia outside of the Western population, the current study estimated the annual cost of dementia in Taiwan and assessed whether different categories of care costs vary by severity using multiple disease-severity measures. METHODS This study included 231 dementia patient-caregiver dyads in a dementia clinic at a national university hospital in southern Taiwan. Three disease measures including cognitive, functional, and behavioral disturbances were obtained from patients based on medical history. A societal perspective was used to estimate the total costs of dementia according to three cost sub-categories. The association between dementia severity and cost of care was examined through bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Total costs of care for moderate dementia patient were 1.4 times the costs for mild dementia and doubled from mild to severe dementia among our community-dwelling dementia sample. Multivariate analysis indicated that functional declines had a greater impact on all cost outcomes as compared to behavioral disturbance, which showed no impact on any costs. Informal care costs accounted for the greatest share in total cost of care for both mild (42%) and severe (43%) dementia patients. CONCLUSIONS Since the total costs of dementia increased with severity, providing care to delay disease progression, with a focus on maintaining patient physical function, may reduce the overall cost of dementia. The greater contribution of informal care to total costs as opposed to social care also suggests a need for more publicly-funded long-term care services to assist family caregivers of dementia patients in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Shih
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Shih PY, McIntosh JM, Drenan RM. Nicotine Dependence Reveals Distinct Responses from Neurons and Their Resident Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:1035-44. [PMID: 26429939 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the molecular target of nicotine. nAChRs in the medial habenula (MHb) have recently been shown to play a role in nicotine dependence, but it is not clear which nAChR subtypes or MHb neuron types are most important. To identify MHb nAChRs and/or cell types that play a role in nicotine dependence, we studied these receptors and cells with brain slice electrophysiology using both acute and chronic nicotine application. Cells in the ventroinferior (MHbVI) and ventrolateral MHb (MHbVL) subregions expressed functional nAChRs with different pharmacology. Further, application of nicotine to cells in these subregions led to different action potential firing patterns. The latter result was correlated with a differing ability of nicotine to induce nAChR desensitization. Chronic nicotine caused functional upregulation of nAChRs selectively in MHbVI cells, but did not change nAChR function in MHbVL. Importantly, firing responses were also differentially altered in these subregions following chronic nicotine. MHbVI neurons treated chronically with nicotine exhibited enhanced basal pacemaker firing but a blunted nicotine-induced firing response. MHbVL neurons did not change their firing properties in response to chronic nicotine. Together, these results suggest that acute and chronic nicotine differentially affect nAChR function and output of cells in MHb subregions. Because the MHb extensively innervates the interpeduncular nucleus, an area critical for both affective and somatic signs of withdrawal, these results could reflect some of the neurophysiological changes thought to occur in the MHb to the interpeduncular nucleus circuit in human smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Shih
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (P.-Y.S., R.M.D.) and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (P.-Y.S., R.M.D.) and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Ryan M Drenan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (P.-Y.S., R.M.D.) and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
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Danielyan A, Wu YW, Shih PY, Dembitskaya Y, Semyanov A. Denoising of two-photon fluorescence images with Block-Matching 3D filtering. Methods 2014; 68:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Wu YW, Tang X, Arizono M, Bannai H, Shih PY, Dembitskaya Y, Kazantsev V, Tanaka M, Itohara S, Mikoshiba K, Semyanov A. Spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in single astrocytes and its modulation by neuronal activity. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:119-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Afzalov R, Pryazhnikov E, Shih PY, Kondratskaya E, Zobova S, Leino S, Salminen O, Khiroug L, Semyanov A. Low micromolar Ba(2+) potentiates glutamate transporter current in hippocampal astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:135. [PMID: 24009556 PMCID: PMC3755269 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate uptake, mediated by electrogenic glutamate transporters largely localized in astrocytes, is responsible for the clearance of glutamate released during excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate uptake also determines the availability of glutamate for extrasynaptic glutamate receptors. The efficiency of glutamate uptake is commonly estimated from the amplitude of transporter current recorded in astrocytes. We recorded currents in voltage-clamped hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum astrocytes in rat hippocampal slices induced by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. A Ba(2+)-sensitive K(+) current mediated by inward rectifying potassium channels (Kir) accompanied the transporter current. Surprisingly, Ba(2+) not only suppressed the K(+) current and changed holding current (presumably, mediated by Kir) but also increased the transporter current at lower concentrations. However, Ba(2+) did not significantly increase the uptake of aspartate in cultured astrocytes, suggesting that increase in the amplitude of the transporter current does not always reflect changes in glutamate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramil Afzalov
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako-shi, Japan
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Engle SE, Shih PY, McIntosh JM, Drenan RM. α4α6β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is sufficient to stimulate a depolarizing conductance and enhance surface AMPA receptor function. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:393-406. [PMID: 23788655 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is a serious threat to public health in the United States and abroad, and development of new therapeutic approaches is a major priority. Nicotine activates and/or desensitizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the brain. nAChRs in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are crucial for the rewarding and reinforcing properties of nicotine in rodents, suggesting that they may be key mediators of nicotine's action in humans. However, it is unknown which nAChR subtypes are sufficient to activate these neurons. To test the hypothesis that nAChRs containing α6 subunits are sufficient to activate VTA DA neurons, we studied mice expressing hypersensitive, gain-of-function α6 nAChRs (α6L9'S mice). In voltage-clamp recordings in brain slices from adult mice, 100 nM nicotine was sufficient to elicit inward currents in VTA DA neurons via α6β2* nAChRs. In addition, we found that low concentrations of nicotine could act selectively through α6β2* nAChRs to enhance the function of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) receptors on the surface of these cells. In contrast, α6β2* activation did not enhance N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor function. Finally, AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function was not similarly enhanced in brain slices from α6L9'S mice lacking α4 nAChR subunits, suggesting that α4α6β2* nAChRs are important for enhancing AMPAR function in VTA DA neurons. Together, these data suggest that activation of α4α6β2* nAChRs in VTA DA neurons is sufficient to support the initiation of cellular changes that play a role in addiction to nicotine. α4α6β2* nAChRs may be a promising target for future smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci E Engle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Tanaka M, Shih PY, Gomi H, Yoshida T, Nakai J, Ando R, Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K, Semyanov A, Itohara S. Astrocytic Ca2+ signals are required for the functional integrity of tripartite synapses. Mol Brain 2013; 6:6. [PMID: 23356992 PMCID: PMC3563617 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal activity alters calcium ion (Ca2+) dynamics in astrocytes, but the physiologic relevance of these changes is controversial. To examine this issue further, we generated an inducible transgenic mouse model in which the expression of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate absorbent, “IP3 sponge”, attenuates astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. Results Attenuated Ca2+ activity correlated with reduced astrocytic coverage of asymmetric synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region in these animals. The decreased astrocytic ‘protection’ of the synapses facilitated glutamate ‘spillover’, which was reflected by prolonged glutamate transporter currents in stratum radiatum astrocytes and enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in response to burst stimulation. These mice also exhibited behavioral impairments in spatial reference memory and remote contextual fear memory, in which hippocampal circuits are involved. Conclusions Our findings suggest that IP3-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling correlates with the formation of functional tripartite synapses in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Tanaka
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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Tanaka M, Gomi H, Nakai J, Lebedinskiy A, Shih PY, Ando R, Mikoshiba K, Semyanov A, Itohara S. Astrocytic IP3-mediated Ca2+ signaling is required for functional integrity of tripartite synapse. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Min MY, Shih PY, Wu YW, Lu HW, Lee ML, Yang HW. Neurokinin 1 receptor activates transient receptor potential-like currents in noradrenergic A7 neurons in rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 42:56-65. [PMID: 19463951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic (NAergic) A7 neurons are involved in modulating nociception by releasing noradrenaline in the dorsal spinal cord. Since NAergic A7 neurons receive dense Substance P (Sub-P) releasing terminals from ventromedial medulla, here we tested the effect of Sub-P on them. Bath application of Sub-P induced an inward current (I(Sub-P)) in NAergic neurons, which was significantly blocked by Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist. The I(Sub-P) was reversed at approximately -20 mV, blocked by several TRP channel blockers, enhanced by OAG and negatively regulated by PKC. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that NAergic A7 neurons express high level of TRPC6 channel proteins, which is consistent with pharmacological properties of I(Sub-P) shown above, as TRPC6 channel is shown to be augmented by OAG and inhibited by PKC. In conclusion, the above results provide mechanism underlying postsynaptic action of Sub-P on NAergic A7 neurons and a role for TRPC6 channel in NAergic pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Min
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lin
- Vulval Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Kao YF, Shih PY, Chen WH. An unusual concomitant tremor and myoclonus after a contralateral infarct at thalamus and subthalamic nucleus. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:562-6. [PMID: 10561982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of spontaneous tremor and myoclonus of right extremities that completely subsided 24 hours after onset. Neuroimaging study revealed an infarct at the left ventral portion of thalamus and subthalamic nucleus. Concomitant dyskinetic movement disorders after stroke are extremely rare and the mechanism is herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Kao
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Shih PY. [Sodium and water restriction in patients with congestive heart failure]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1997; 44:52-5. [PMID: 9362695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Chang YY, Chen WH, Liu JS, Shih PY, Chen SS. Intractable hiccup caused by medulla oblongata lesions. J Formos Med Assoc 1993; 92:926-8. [PMID: 7908580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intractable hiccup is a rare manifestation of a brainstem lesion. We present five cases of intractable hiccups associated with medulla oblongata lesions: three of these had brainstem infarction compatible with Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome; one, clinically probable multiple sclerosis with a medullary lesion; and one, choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle with medullary compression. Using magnetic resonance imaging, it was demonstrated that the lesions affecting the dorsal and/or lateral medulla oblongata were responsible for the intractable hiccups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan R.O.C
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20
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Chang YY, Tsai TC, Shih PY, Liu JS. Unilateral symptomatic palatal myoclonus: MRI evidence of contralateral inferior olivary lesion. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1993; 9:371-6. [PMID: 8340961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic palatal myoclonus is a rare syndrome of segmental myoclonus which is thought to occur after damage to certain brainstem or cerebellar structures. We report two patients with unilateral PM, who showed hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging. In the first patient this was due to a left pontine tegmental hemorrhage, and a right-sided oculo-palato-facial myoclonus developed one month after the episode. The second one had a basilar artery occlusion with ischemic infarcts at the basis pontis, dorso-lateral aspects of the left pons, and left cerebellar dentate nucleus, as well as the occipital lobe. A delayed left oculopalatal myoclonus was recognized 3 months later. Interruption of the "dentato-rubro-olivary pathway" by the lesion with ensuing neuronal loss, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and astrocytic proliferation in the inferior olive, together with an increase of water content as mobile proton may cause the MR signal abnormalities in patients with unilateral symptomatic palatal myoclonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Chen WH, Shih PY. The serum ferrokinetics in Parkinson's disease. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1992; 8:581-4. [PMID: 1296037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferrous ion is an essential cofactor in dopamine synthesis and its decrease may reduce the dopamine production in the nigrostriatal system, the basis of pathogenetic mechanism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, parkinsonians may have an abnormal systemic ferrokinetics. The serum iron, ferritin, total-iron-binding-capacity (TIBC) levels and transferrin saturation were analysed in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease and 30 controls. The serum iron was lower in PD (95.53 +/- 33.5 micrograms/dl) than in controls (102.5 +/- 32.5 micrograms/dl), but the difference was statistically nonsignificant. The ferritin, TIBC and transferrin saturation were also similar in both groups. The systemic ferrokinetics in our PD was normal, but the ferrokinetics between the central and systemic compartments was different in PD. Therefore, reduction of central dopamine in PD is unlikely due to hypoferruginemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Goodin DS, Aminoff MJ, Shih PY. Evidence that the long-latency stretch responses of the human wrist extensor muscle involve a transcerebral pathway. Brain 1990; 113 ( Pt 4):1075-91. [PMID: 2397383 DOI: 10.1093/brain/113.4.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ballistic wrist extensor movements were interrupted by a sudden perturbing force in two conditions, and subjects were asked either to compensate for ('oppose') the perturbation or to cease the extensor movement ('let-go') when the interruption occurred. In the first condition, the interruption occurred unexpectedly in some of the trials, whereas in the second it occurred on every trial. Responses were recorded from the flexor and extensor carpi radialis muscles, and from the scalp and cervical spine. Unexpected perturbing forces were associated with an early extensor EMG response (M1) and longer latency EMG responses in both flexor and extensor muscles. When the interruptions occurred in every trial, both the late EMG activity and the cerebral responses were markedly attenuated. The relation between expectation of perturbation and the occurrence or size of the late EMG activity indicates that this response is under supraspinal control. The potentials recorded over the cervical spine and scalp were, like the late EMG activity, influenced by the expectancy of interruption. These potentials persisted even when the potentials related to the mechanically elicited SEP were removed by subtraction of responses to anticipated interruptions from those to unanticipated interruptions. The earliest of these potentials preceded the late EMG activity by 30-50 ms. They were present when the late responses were present, absent when the late responses were absent, and became progressively smaller when the late responses became smaller, suggesting a tight coupling between these events and the late EMG events. These results indicate that cerebral activity, unrelated merely to mechanical stimulation, consistently precedes the late EMG activity, and thereby directly suggests that the long-latency response has a cerebral (possible cortical) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Goodin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Shih PY, Aminoff MJ, Goodin DS, Mantle MM. Effect of reference point on visual evoked potentials: clinical relevance. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 71:319-22. [PMID: 2454798 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(88)90033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For clinical purposes the VEP is generally recorded from the mid-occipital region referenced to the vertex or mid-frontal region. This may lead to interpretive errors that can be avoided if a relatively inactive reference point, such as linked mastoids, is used simultaneously. The additional recording derivation may also be helpful in clarifying aberrant or ambiguous wave forms. The diagnostic yield from the two montages is similar, although the linked-mastoid reference provides a greater number of technically inadequate recordings due to smaller size of P100 and increased contamination by muscle artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Shih
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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