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He X, Li B, Liu X, Jiao P, Zhao Y. Correlation between hospice competence and death coping ability among nursing students in China: A cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today 2024; 134:106080. [PMID: 38163389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care involves providing comprehensive physical, psychological, and social care to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life, as well as to ensure patients' dignity at the end of life. Nurses are important members of hospice care teams, and undergraduate nursing students are the hospice care providers of the future. The ability of undergraduate nursing students to provide hospice care will, thus, directly affect service quality. OBJECTIVE To understand the relationship between hospice competence and the death-coping abilities of nursing students and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of hospice education for nursing students. METHODS A convenience sample of 204 nursing students from a university in China completed the general conditions questionnaire, Hospice Competency Assessment Questionnaire, and a simplified version of the Coping with Death Scale. RESULTS The participants' overall average hospice competency score was 46 (35-52), with an average score of 3.0 (2.3-3.3) for effective caregiving skills, 2.6 (2.0-3.0) for cultural and ethical values, and 3.0 (2.2-3.4) for interprofessional teamwork. The average death-coping competency score was 92 (72-107). Multivariate logistic regression and Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between death-coping and hospice competencies (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nursing students' overall hospice competency is low to moderate. Consequently, nurse educators should effectively modify the hospice education curriculum using the Dedicated Education Unit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona He
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Boya Li
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Peijuan Jiao
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, China.
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Jing X, Gu W, Xu X, Yan C, Jiao P, Zhang L, Li X, Wang X, Wang W. Stigma predicting fertility quality of life among Chinese infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:35-41. [PMID: 32633181 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1778665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate stigma and fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) and identify predictors of FertiQoL in Chinese infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS A descriptive correlational design was adopted to investigate the association between stigma and FertiQoL in 588 infertile women undergoing IVF-ET. The personal information questionnaire, Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) and FertiQoL tool were used to measure study variables. RESULTS The mean scores of ISS and FertiQoL were 62.59 (SD = 21.58) and 63.64 (SD = 13.72), respectively. There were significant differences of ISS scores among participants with different educational level, residence, occupation, religious belief, financial condition, age group, duration of infertility and infertility treatment, while significant differences of the FertiQoL scores were found in participants with different insurance status, determinism of etiology, infertile type, duration of infertility treatment and cycles of IVF-ET. Pearson's correlation analysis showed stigma was negatively correlated with FertiQoL (r = -0.081 to -0.669, p < .05). The self-devaluation (β = -0.290, p < .001), social withdrawal (β = -0.237, p < .001), family stigma (β = -0.217, p < .001) and insurance status (β = 0.066, p=.035) were identified as the significant predictor of FertiQoL accounting for 43.5% of variance. CONCLUSIONS The stigma was significantly associated with FertiQoL in infertile women undergoing IVF-ET with higher level of stigma predicting poorer FertiQoL. More psychological support should be provided to infertile women to reduce stigma and improve FertiQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jing
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, PR China
| | | | - Peijuan Jiao
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Shen Y, Jiao P, Wang H, Chen L, Walker ND, Yang W. 648 Validation of micro-encapsulation method to protect probiotics and feed enzyme from rumen degradation. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jiao P, Liu F, Ding S, Walker ND, Yang W. 647 Comparison of ruminal protected versus non-protected live yeast on omasal flows, site and extent of digestion in the digestive tract of beef heifers fed high-grain diet. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jiao P, Liu F, He Z, Ding S, Walker ND, Yang W. 657 Effects of adding live yeast or yeast derivative on dry matter disappearance of high-forage diet in batch culture. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wei L, Song Y, Cui J, Qu N, Wang N, Ouyang G, Liao M, Jiao P. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of LGP2 cDNA from goose, Anser cygnoides. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2290-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Hu XF, Guo YM, Huang BY, Bun S, Zhang LB, Li JH, Liu D, Long FY, Yang X, Jiao P. The effect of glucagon-like peptide 2 injection on performance, small intestinal morphology, and nutrient transporter expression of stressed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1967-74. [PMID: 20709983 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of injecting glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) on the small intestinal weight, morphology, and nutrient transporter expression in pharmacologically stressed broiler chickens. A total of 144 seven-day-old birds were fed either a basal diet (CTRL) or a basal diet plus 30 mg of corticosterone (CORT)/kg of diet for a total of 14 d. Half of the birds from each group were injected daily with GLP-2 (6.7 nmol/kg of BW) or saline for 14 d. The average final BW, ADG, ADFI, and the ratio of feed intake to weight gain (F:G) was recorded over 21 d for the 4 groups of 36 birds, namely CTRL + saline, CTRL + GLP-2, CORT + saline, and CORT + GLP-2. In addition, the absolute and relative small intestinal weight, villus height (VH), and crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as the abundance of sodium and glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1), vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein-28,000 molecular weight (CaBP-D28k), and peptide transporter 1 (PepT-1) mRNA in the duodenum and of liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA in the jejunum. The total DNA, RNA, and protein content in small intestinal mucosa were also determined. The results showed that CORT administration significantly lowered average final BW, ADG, ADFI, absolute small intestinal weight, VH, and CD of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05) while increasing the relative small intestinal weight, F:G, relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k, PepT-1, and L-FABP mRNA (P < 0.05). Glucagon-like peptide 2 injection increased the average final BW, ADG, VH, and CD in duodenum and jejunum and relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-28k, PepT1, and PepT1 mRNA of broiler chickens, respectively (P < 0.05), and decreased F:G (P < 0.05). In chickens fed basal diet plus CORT, injecting GLP-2 decreased F:G (P < 0.05); increased VH and CD of duodenum and CD of jejunum; and increased relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k, PepT-1, and L-FABP mRNA, RNA, and total protein content in small intestine compared with the injection of saline (P < 0.05). In birds fed the basal diet, GLP-2 injection decreased F:G (P < 0.05) and increased final BW, ADG, small bowel weight, CD of jejunum, and relative abundance of CaBP-D28k and PepT-1 mRNA compared with injecting saline (P < 0.05). In conclusion, GLP-2 injection reversed the negative effect of stress on the weight and morphology and the absorptive function of small bowel of broiler chickens. Glucagon-like peptide 2 injection also had a positive effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Wang F, Jiao P, Qi M, Frezza M, Dou Q, Yan B. Turning Tumor-Promoting Copper into an Anti-Cancer Weapon via High-Throughput Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:2685-98. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710791859315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Yang X, Zhang B, Guo Y, Jiao P, Long F. Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on fat deposition and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:254-60. [PMID: 20075277 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on carcass quality, fat deposition, meat quality, and fatty acid contents of breast meat in broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were divided into 4 treatment groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement and fed 4 diets with 2 lipid sources (soybean oil or fish oil) and 2 levels of C. butyricum (0 or 5 g/kg of diets) were used. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced when chicks were fed the fish oil diet compared with the soybean oil diet (P<0.01). Fish oil diets increased drip losses of the breast and thigh muscles, thawing losses of breast muscle, and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05). Moreover, the C. butyricum diet profoundly reduced shear force of muscle (P<0.05). The supplementation of C. butyricum increased i.m. fat, the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05), and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in breast muscle. Additionally, there were significant interactions between lipids and C. butyricum for drip losses of breast muscle (P<0.01) and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05) and for the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) of breast muscle. The results of this study indicate that dietary inclusion of C. butyricum improves meat quality and fatty acid profiles of breast meat in male broilers, particularly interacting with a fish oil diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Hu XF, Guo YM, Huang BY, Zhang LB, Bun S, Liu D, Long FY, Li JH, Yang X, Jiao P. Effect of Corticosterone Administration on Small Intestinal Weight and Expression of Small Intestinal Nutrient Transporter mRNA of Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen H, Deng G, Li Z, Tian G, Li Y, Jiao P, Zhang L, Liu Z, Webster RG, Yu K. The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10452-7. [PMID: 15235128 PMCID: PMC478602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403212101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of avian H5N1 influenza viruses to mammals has been evolving since the mid-1980s. Here, we demonstrate that H5N1 influenza viruses, isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in mainland China from 1999 through 2002, were becoming progressively more pathogenic for mammals, and we present a hypothesis explaining the mechanism of this evolutionary direction. Twenty-one viruses isolated from apparently healthy ducks in southern China from 1999 through 2002 were confirmed to be H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses. These isolates are antigenically similar to A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus, which was the source of the 1997 Hong Kong "bird flu" hemagglutinin gene, and all are highly pathogenic in chickens. The viruses form four pathotypes on the basis of their replication and lethality in mice. There is a clear temporal pattern in the progressively increasing pathogenicity of these isolates in the mammalian model. Five of six H5N1 isolates tested replicated in inoculated ducks and were shed from trachea or cloaca, but none caused disease signs or death. Phylogenetic analysis of the full genome indicated that most of the viruses are reassortants containing the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like hemagglutinin gene and the other genes from unknown Eurasian avian influenza viruses. This study is a characterization of the H5N1 avian influenza viruses recently circulating in ducks in mainland China. Our findings suggest that immediate action is needed to prevent the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the apparently healthy ducks into chickens or mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The system of producing long chain dicarboxylic acid (DCA) by Candida tropicalis is an aerobic and viscous fermentation system. A method to overcome the gas-liquid transport resistance and to increase oxygen supply is by adding hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to the fermentation system. Here we report that the H(2)O(2) not only can enhance the oxygen supply but also change the metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450, the key enzyme of a, o-oxidation. When C. tropicalis was cultivated in a 3-L bioreactor using the combination of aeration and H(2)O(2) feeding, DCA production rates increased by about 10% after a short period of decrease at the beginning. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the maximum activities of P450 could be induced at 2 mM H(2)O(2), and the inducible mechanisms are also discussed. Moreover, we suggest that alkane might be oxidized through the "peroxide shunt pathway" when H(2)O(2) is present. By adding H(2)O(2), the DCA yield in a 22-L bioreactor could increase by 25.3% and reach 153.9 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China, 100084.
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Xiao YZ, Jiao P, Hua YT, Cao ZA. [Study on fermentation of long-chain dicarboxylic acid based on enzymology]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:218-20. [PMID: 11411236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the effects of the adding time of alkane on the expression of P450 and production of dicarboxylic acid. A novel fermentation process, in which no or a little alkane was added to make the cells growing more quickly during the growth stage, followed by the addition of alkane to induce cytochromes P450 for 6-8 hours, was established. The results showed that the new process was much better than the old process on inductivities of cytochromes P450 and production of dicarboxylic acid. The new process improved nearly 14.56% expression of P450 and 14.15% production of dicarboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Jiao P, Hua Y, Li S, Huang Y, Cao Z. [Study on the cytochrome P450 activity in alkane converting process of Candida tropicalis]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2001; 41:117-20. [PMID: 12549201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A method of reduced CO-difference spectrum was established to study the cytochrome P450 activity of the whole cell of Candida tropicalis during the alkane converting process. Using this method, the cytochrome P450 activities of the whole cells that were cultured in the different concentrations of alkane were studied. The results showed that the 5% alkane could induce the cytochrome P450 activity obviously but not inhibit the growth of cells, so it was determined preliminarily that the alkane concentration of the seed medium was 5%. The cytochrome P450 activities of dicarboxylic acid (DCA) fermentation processing were further studied. During the exponential phase of growth, the cytochrome P450 activity increased smoothly. However, during the phase of production of dicarboxylic acid, the cytochrome P450 activities increased rapidly after a sort decrease. The results still showed that the rate of production of dicarboxylic acid increased with the cytochrome P450 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Jiao P, Ma C, Wang S. [Study on the plasmid instability of Bdellovibrio BDG-9]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2000; 40:174-9. [PMID: 12548941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A new method system was established in this paper to study the plasmid in stability of Bdellovibrio BDG-9. Using this system, it was found that when BDG-9 was cultured singly on the SMB plate, plasmid pST I was unstable although pST I still replicated and distributed to progeny cell normally. The results showed that the pST I copy number in single cell of BDG-9 decreased gradually to zero with the propagation of BDG-9. Additionally, plasmid pST I was very important for the growth of BDG-9, and with the lacking of pST I s, the growth and propagation of BDG-9 ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084
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Xu J, Jiao P, Zuo G, Jin S. Electron impact mass spectral fragmentation of 2a,4-disubstituted 2-chloro/2,2-dichloro-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]benzothia zepin-1-ones. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:637-640. [PMID: 10786899 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000430)14:8<637::aid-rcm924>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric behaviour of nine 2a,4-disubstituted 2-chloro/2,2-dichloro-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]b enzothiazepin-1-ones has been studied with the aid of mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization. All compounds show a tendency to eliminate a neutral chlorine atom, or a chloroketene, or neutral propene, or styrene or substituted styrene molecule, plus Cl and/or H (or Cl) atom(s), to yield [M-Cl]+ ions, 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivative ions, 4,5-dihydro-5H-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-one ions which can further lose CO to give 1,4-benzothiazine ions. Both molecular ions and [M-Cl]+ ions show a tendency to eliminate an ethyl or benzyl/substituted benzyl radical to produce 2,2a-dihydro-1H-azeto[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazin-1-one ions. The [M-Cl]+ ions could undergo rearrangement to yield 2,2a-dihydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepin-1-one ions, 2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[1,2-a]quinoline ions or 1,1a,2,3-tetrahydro-azirino[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine ions by loss of an ethane or a benzene/substituted benzene, a SH radical or a CO molecule. The molecular ions could also undergo rearrangement reactions to form other small fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Zuo G, Jiao P, Wang H, Jin S, Chan AS. Electron impact mass spectral fragmentation patterns of 2a,4-disubstituted 5-benzoyl-2-chloro-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-1( 2H)-ones. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:633-636. [PMID: 10786898 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000430)14:8<633::aid-rcm920>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric behaviour of six 2a,4-disubstituted 5-benzoyl-2-chloro-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodia zepin-1(2H)-ones has been studied with the aid of mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization. All compounds show a tendency to eliminate a chlorine atom, a chlorine atom plus benzaldehyde, benzoyl radical, chloroketene or chlorine atom plus CO and H2O molecules to yield, respectively, [M-Cl]+ ions, 2a,4-disubstituted 2a,3-dihydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-1(2H)-one ions, [M-PhCO]+ ions, 2,4-disubstituted 1-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions, or 1,2,4-trisubstituted 1H-1,7-benzodiazonine ions, which could also be formed from [M-Cl]+ ions by loss of CO and H2O molecules simultaneously. The [M-Cl]+ ions could further lose benzoyl radical to form [M-Cl-PhCO]+ ions, or lose benzoyl amide and undergo a rearrangement to form 4,6-disubstituted 1-benzoazocine-2(1H)-one ions. The [M-PhCO]+ ions could eliminate NH to produce 2a,4-disubstituted 2,2a,3,4-tetrahydroazeto[1,2,-a]quinolin-1-one ions, which could further eliminate chloroketene, CO and/or HCl to produce some important ions, respectively. 2,4-Disubstituted 1-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions could lose benzoyl radical to yield 2,4-disubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions, which could further yield other small fragment ions by loss of propene/styrene or small fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Xiao S, You J, Guo H, Jiao P, Mei J, Yao M, Feng Z. Effect of artemether on hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphofructokinase of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 1998; 16:25-8. [PMID: 12078203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of artemether (Art) on hexokinase (HK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) of Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS Mice infected with schistosome cercariae for 4-5 wk were treated ig with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1 and killed 24 h or 48 h after medication for collection of schistosomes. The activities of HK, GPI and PFK of the worms were determined by measuring the formation of NADPH or consumption of NADH. RESULTS Worms from the infected mice treated ig with Art at a single dose of 300 mg.kg-1 the inhibition rates of HK activity of female and male worms were 33.7% and 13.7%, respectively 24 h after administration. Similar results were seen in GPI activity, but 48 h after medication, the inhibition rate of GPI increased to 46.2% (female) and 32.9% (male), respectively. Worms from mice treated with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1, the inhibitory effect on PFK in female worms was found much higher than that of male worms the inhibition rates of PFK were 64.9%-71.0% in female worms and 16.3%-54.2% in male worms, respectively at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that in the glycolytic pathway of schistosome PFK might be one of the targets attacked by Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xiao
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025
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