1
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Ishak MI, Delint RC, Liu X, Xu W, Tsimbouri PM, Nobbs AH, Dalby MJ, Su B. Nanotextured titanium inhibits bacterial activity and supports cell growth on 2D and 3D substrate: A co-culture study. Biomater Adv 2024; 158:213766. [PMID: 38232578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Medical implant-associated infections pose a significant challenge to modern medicine, with aseptic loosening and bacterial infiltration being the primary causes of implant failure. While nanostructured surfaces have demonstrated promising antibacterial properties, the translation of their efficacy from 2D to 3D substrates remains a challenge. Here, we used scalable alkaline etching to fabricate nanospike and nanonetwork topologies on 2D and laser powder-bed fusion printed 3D titanium. The fabricated surfaces were compared with regard to their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mesenchymal stromal cell responses with and without the presence of bacteria. Finite elemental analysis assessed the mechanical properties and permeability of the 3D substrate. Our findings suggest that 3D nanostructured surfaces have potential to both prevent implant infections and allow host cell integration. This work represents a significant step towards developing effective and scalable fabrication methods on 3D substrates with consistent and reproducible antibacterial activity, with important implications for the future of medical implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd I Ishak
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rosalia Cuahtecontzi Delint
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Xiayi Liu
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
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2
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Campsie P, Childs PG, Robertson SN, Cameron K, Hough J, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Tsimbouri PM, Vichare P, Dalby MJ, Reid S. Design, construction and characterisation of a novel nanovibrational bioreactor and cultureware for osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12944. [PMID: 31506561 PMCID: PMC6736847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, techniques which control stem cell lineage commitment are a rapidly expanding field of interest. Recently, nanoscale mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to activate mechanotransduction pathways stimulating osteogenesis in 2D and 3D culture. This has the potential to revolutionise bone graft procedures by creating cellular graft material from autologous or allogeneic sources of MSCs without using chemical induction. With the increased interest in mechanical stimulation of cells and huge potential for clinical use, it is apparent that researchers and clinicians require a scalable bioreactor system that provides consistently reproducible results with a simple turnkey approach. A novel bioreactor system is presented that consists of: a bioreactor vibration plate, calibrated and optimised for nanometre vibrations at 1 kHz, a power supply unit, which supplies a 1 kHz sine wave signal necessary to generate approximately 30 nm of vibration amplitude, and custom 6-well cultureware with toroidal shaped magnets incorporated in the base of each well for conformal attachment to the bioreactor’s magnetic vibration plate. The cultureware and vibration plate were designed using finite element analysis to determine the modal and harmonic responses, and validated by interferometric measurement. This helps ensure that the vibration plate and cultureware, and thus collagen and MSCs, all move as a rigid body, avoiding large deformations close to the resonant frequency of the vibration plate and vibration damping beyond the resonance. Assessment of osteogenic protein expression was performed to confirm differentiation of MSCs after initial biological experiments with the system, as well as atomic force microscopy of the 3D gel constructs during vibrational stimulation to verify that strain hardening of the gel did not occur. This shows that cell differentiation was the result of the nanovibrational stimulation provided by the bioreactor alone, and that other cell differentiating factors, such as stiffening of the collagen gel, did not contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Campsie
- SUPA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK
| | - Peter G Childs
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun N Robertson
- SUPA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK
| | - Kenny Cameron
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - James Hough
- SUPA Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Parag Vichare
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Stuart Reid
- SUPA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK.
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3
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Orapiriyakul W, Young PS, Damiati L, Tsimbouri PM. Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418789838. [PMID: 30083308 PMCID: PMC6071164 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418789838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wich Orapiriyakul
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter S Young
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Damiati L, Eales MG, Nobbs AH, Su B, Tsimbouri PM, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ. Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418790694. [PMID: 30116518 PMCID: PMC6088466 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418790694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcus G Eales
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Waddell SJ, de Andrés MC, Tsimbouri PM, Alakpa EV, Cusack M, Dalby MJ, Oreffo ROC. Biomimetic oyster shell-replicated topography alters the behaviour of human skeletal stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418794007. [PMID: 30202512 PMCID: PMC6124183 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418794007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative potential of skeletal stem cells provides an attractive prospect to generate bone tissue needed for musculoskeletal reparation. A central issue remains efficacious, controlled cell differentiation strategies to aid progression of cell therapies to the clinic. The nacre surface from Pinctada maxima shells is known to enhance bone formation. However, to date, there is a paucity of information on the role of the topography of P. maxima surfaces, nacre and prism. To investigate this, nacre and prism topographical features were replicated onto polycaprolactone and skeletal stem cell behaviour on the surfaces studied. Skeletal stem cells on nacre surfaces exhibited an increase in cell area, increase in expression of osteogenic markers ALP (p < 0.05) and OCN (p < 0.01) and increased metabolite intensity (p < 0.05), indicating a role of nacre surface to induce osteogenic differentiation, while on prism surfaces, skeletal stem cells did not show alterations in cell area or osteogenic marker expression and a decrease in metabolite intensity (p < 0.05), demonstrating a distinct role for the prism surface, with the potential to maintain the skeletal stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona J Waddell
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - María C de Andrés
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute
of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow,
UK
| | - Enateri V Alakpa
- Department of Integrative Medical
Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maggie Cusack
- Division of Biological and Environmental
Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute
of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow,
UK
| | - Richard OC Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Allan C, Ker A, Smith CA, Tsimbouri PM, Borsoi J, O’Neill S, Gadegaard N, Dalby MJ, Dominic Meek RM. Osteoblast response to disordered nanotopography. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418784098. [PMID: 30034770 PMCID: PMC6048666 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418784098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to influence stem cell differentiation is highly desirable as it would help us improve clinical outcomes for patients in various aspects. Many different techniques to achieve this have previously been investigated. This concise study, however, has focused on the topography on which cells grow. Current uncemented orthopaedic implants can fail if the implant fails to bind to the surrounding bone and, typically, forms a soft tissue interface which reduces direct bone contact. Here, we look at the effect of a previously reported nanotopography that utilises nanodisorder to influence mesenchymal stromal cell (as may be found in the bone marrow) differentiation towards bone and to also exert this effect on mature osteoblasts (as may be found in the bone). As topography is a physical technique, it can be envisaged for use in a range of materials such as polymers and metals used in the manufacture of orthopaedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Allan
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Ker
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carol-Anne Smith
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Juliana Borsoi
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stewart O’Neill
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - RM Dominic Meek
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular,
Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences
(CMVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Fraioli R, Tsimbouri PM, Fisher LE, Nobbs AH, Su B, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Ginebra MP, Dalby MJ, Manero JM, Mas-Moruno C. Towards the cell-instructive bactericidal substrate: exploring the combination of nanotopographical features and integrin selective synthetic ligands. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16363. [PMID: 29180787 PMCID: PMC5703844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering the interface between biomaterials and tissues is important to increase implant lifetime and avoid failures and revision surgeries. Permanent devices should enhance attachment and differentiation of stem cells, responsible for injured tissue repair, and simultaneously discourage bacterial colonization; this represents a major challenge. To take first steps towards such a multifunctional surface we propose merging topographical and biochemical cues on the surface of a clinically relevant material such as titanium. In detail, our strategy combines antibacterial nanotopographical features with integrin selective synthetic ligands that can rescue the adhesive capacity of the surfaces and instruct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) response. To this end, a smooth substrate and two different high aspect ratio topographies have been produced and coated either with an αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic, an α5β1-selective peptidomimetic, or an RGD/PHSRN peptidic molecule. Results showed that antibacterial effects of the substrates could be maintained when tested on pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, functionalization increased MSC adhesion to the surfaces and the αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic-coated nanotopographies promoted osteogenesis. Such a dual physicochemical approach to achieve multifunctional surfaces represents a first step in the design of novel cell-instructive biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fraioli
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | | | - Leanne E Fisher
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12, Scotland, UK
| | - José M Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
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8
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Thomson SE, Charalambous C, Smith CA, Tsimbouri PM, Déjardin T, Kingham PJ, Hart AM, Riehle MO. Microtopographical cues promote peripheral nerve regeneration via transient mTORC2 activation. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:220-231. [PMID: 28754648 PMCID: PMC5593812 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite microsurgical repair, recovery of function following peripheral nerve injury is slow and often incomplete. Outcomes could be improved by an increased understanding of the molecular biology of regeneration and by translation of experimental bioengineering strategies. Topographical cues have been shown to be powerful regulators of the rate and directionality of neurite regeneration, and in this study we investigated the downstream molecular effects of linear micropatterned structures in an organotypic explant model. Linear topographical cues enhanced neurite outgrowth and our results demonstrated that the mTOR pathway is important in regulating these responses. mTOR gene expression peaked between 48 and 72 h, coincident with the onset of rapid neurite outgrowth and glial migration, and correlated with neurite length at 48 h. mTOR protein was located to glia and in a punctate distribution along neurites. mTOR levels peaked at 72 h and were significantly increased by patterned topography (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the topographical cues could override pharmacological inhibition. Downstream phosphorylation assays and inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin highlighted mTORC2 as an important mediator, and more specific therapeutic target. Quantitative immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of the mTORC2 component rictor at the regenerating front where it co-localised with F-actin and vinculin. Collectively, these results provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of topography on neural regeneration, and support the incorporation of topographical patterning in combination with pharmacological mTORC2 potentiation within biomaterial constructs used to repair peripheral nerves. Statement of Significance Peripheral nerve injury is common and functionally devastating. Despite microsurgical repair, healing is slow and incomplete, with lasting functional deficit. There is a clear need to translate bioengineering approaches and increase our knowledge of the molecular processes controlling nerve regeneration to improve the rate and success of healing. Topographical cues are powerful determinants of neurite outgrowth and represent a highly translatable engineering strategy. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that microtopography potentiates neurite outgrowth via the mTOR pathway, with the mTORC2 subtype being of particular importance. These results give further evidence for the incorporation of microtopographical cues into peripheral nerve regeneration conduits and indicate that mTORC2 may be a suitable therapeutic target to potentiate nerve regeneration.
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9
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Llopis-Hernández V, Cantini M, González-García C, Cheng ZA, Yang J, Tsimbouri PM, García AJ, Dalby MJ, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Material-driven fibronectin assembly for high-efficiency presentation of growth factors. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600188. [PMID: 27574702 PMCID: PMC5001810 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are powerful signaling molecules with the potential to drive regenerative strategies, including bone repair and vascularization. However, GFs are typically delivered in soluble format at supraphysiological doses because of rapid clearance and limited therapeutic impact. These high doses have serious side effects and are expensive. Although it is well established that GF interactions with extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin control GF presentation and activity, a translation-ready approach to unlocking GF potential has not been realized. We demonstrate a simple, robust, and controlled material-based approach to enhance the activity of GFs during tissue healing. The underlying mechanism is based on spontaneous fibrillar organization of fibronectin driven by adsorption onto the polymer poly(ethyl acrylate). Fibrillar fibronectin on this polymer, but not a globular conformation obtained on control polymers, promotes synergistic presentation of integrin-binding sites and bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), which enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in vitro and drives full regeneration of a nonhealing bone defect in vivo at low GF concentrations. This simple and translatable technology could unlock the full regenerative potential of GF therapies while improving safety and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Llopis-Hernández
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Cristina González-García
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Zhe A. Cheng
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Jingli Yang
- Center for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Center for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 First Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author. . (M.S.-S.); . (M.J.D.); . (A.J.G.)
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Center for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Corresponding author. . (M.S.-S.); . (M.J.D.); . (A.J.G.)
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
- Corresponding author. . (M.S.-S.); . (M.J.D.); . (A.J.G.)
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10
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Silverwood RK, Fairhurst PG, Sjöström T, Welsh F, Sun Y, Li G, Yu B, Young PS, Su B, Meek RMD, Dalby MJ, Tsimbouri PM. Analysis of Osteoclastogenesis/Osteoblastogenesis on Nanotopographical Titania Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:947-55. [PMID: 26890261 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A focus of orthopedic research is to improve osteointegration and outcomes of joint replacement. Material surface topography has been shown to alter cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth. The use of nanotopographical features to promote cell adhesion and bone formation is hoped to improve osteointegration and clinical outcomes. Use of block-copolymer self-assembled nanopatterns allows nanopillars to form via templated anodization with control over height and order, which has been shown to be of cellular importance. This project assesses the outcome of a human bone marrow-derived co-culture of adherent osteoprogenitors and osteoclast progenitors on polished titania and titania patterned with 15 nm nanopillars, fabricated by a block-copolymer templated anodization technique. Substrate implantation in rabbit femurs is performed to confirm the in vivo bone/implant integration. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate increased osteogenesis on the nanopillar substrate with scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining, and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis performed. Osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture analysis shows an increase in osteoblastogenesis-related gene expression and reduction in osteoclastogenesis. Supporting this in vitro finding, in vivo implantation of substrates in rabbit femora indicates increased implant/bone contact by ≈20%. These favorable osteogenic characteristics demonstrate the potential of 15 nm titania nanopillars fabricated by the block-copolymer templated anodization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Silverwood
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Paul G. Fairhurst
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Terje Sjöström
- Biomaterials Engineering Group; School of Oral and Dental Sciences; University of Bristol; Lower Maudlin Street Bristol BS1 2LY UK
| | - Findlay Welsh
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong P. R. China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Southern Medical University; Southern Hospital; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Peter S. Young
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Bo Su
- Biomaterials Engineering Group; School of Oral and Dental Sciences; University of Bristol; Lower Maudlin Street Bristol BS1 2LY UK
| | - Robert M. D. Meek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma; Southern General Hospital; Glasgow G51 4TF UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Penelope M. Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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Abstract
Adult or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found in different tissues in the body, residing in stem cell microenvironments called "stem cell niches". They play different roles but their main activity is to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair throughout the lifetime of an organism. Their ability to differentiate into different cell types makes them an ideal tool to study tissue development and to use them in cell-based therapies. This differentiation process is subject to both internal and external forces at the nanoscale level and this response of stem cells to nanostimuli is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Young PS, Tsimbouri PM, Gadegaard N, Meek RMD, Dalby MJ. Osteoclastogenesis/osteoblastogenesis using human bone marrow-derived cocultures on nanotopographical polymer surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:949-57. [PMID: 25867859 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimised nanotopography with controlled disorder (NSQ50) has been shown to stimulate osteogenesis and new bone formation in vitro. Following osteointegration the implant interface must undergo constant remodeling without inducing immune response. AIM We aimed to assess the effect of nanotopography on bone remodelling using osteoclast and osteoblast cocultures. MATERIALS & METHODS We developed a novel osteoblast/osteoclast coculture using solely human bone marrow derived mesenchymal and hematopeotic progenitor cells without extraneous supplementation. The coculture was been applied to NSQ50 or flat control polycarbonate substrates and assessed using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR methods. RESULTS These confirm the presence of mature osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone formation in coculture. Osteoblast differentiation increased on NSQ50, with no significant difference in osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSION Controlled disorder nanotopography appears to be selectively bioactive. We recommend this coculture method to be a better in vitro approximation of the osseous environment encountered by implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Young
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
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Seras-Franzoso J, Tsimbouri PM, Burgess KV, Unzueta U, Garcia-Fruitos E, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Dalby MJ. Topographically targeted osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by inclusion bodies attached to polycaprolactone surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:207-20. [PMID: 23631503 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are nanostructured (submicron), pseudospherical proteinaceous particles produced in recombinant bacteria resulting from ordered protein aggregation. Being mechanically stable, several physicochemical and biological properties of IBs can be tuned by appropriate selection of the producer strain and of culture conditions. It has been previously shown that IBs favor cell adhesion and surface colonization by mammalian cell lines upon decoration on materials surfaces, but how these biomaterials could influence the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells remains to be explored. MATERIALS & METHODS Here, the authors vary topography, stiffness and wettability using the IBs to decorate polycaprolactone surfaces on which mesenchymal stem cells are cultured. RESULTS The authors show that these topographies can be used to specifically target osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells, and through metabolomics, they show that the cells have increased energy demand during this bone-related differentiation. CONCLUSION IBs as topographies can be used not only to direct cell proliferation but also to target differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Seras-Franzoso J, Peebo K, Luis Corchero J, Tsimbouri PM, Unzueta U, Rinas U, Dalby MJ, Vazquez E, García-Fruitós E, Villaverde A. A nanostructured bacterial bioscaffold for the sustained bottom-up delivery of protein drugs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1587-99. [PMID: 23394133 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein-based, amyloidal nanomaterials that mechanically stimulate mammalian cell proliferation upon surface decoration. However, their biological performance as potentially functional scaffolds in mammalian cell culture still needs to be explored. MATERIALS & METHODS Using fluorescent proteins, we demonstrate significant membrane penetration of surface-attached IBs and a corresponding intracellular bioavailability of the protein material. RESULTS When IBs are formed by protein drugs, such as the intracellular acting human chaperone Hsp70 or the extracellular/intracellular acting human FGF-2, IB components intervene on top-growing cells, namely by rescuing them from chemically induced apoptosis or by stimulating cell division under serum starvation, respectively. Protein release from IBs seems to mechanistically mimic the sustained secretion of protein hormones from amyloid-like secretory granules in higher organisms. CONCLUSION We propose bacterial IBs as biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds (bioscaffolds) suitable for tissue engineering that, while acting as adhesive materials, partially disintegrate for the slow release of their biologically active building blocks. The bottom-up delivery of protein drugs mediated by bioscaffolds offers a highly promising platform for emerging applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and Department de Genètica i de MicroBiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Tsimbouri PM, Murawski K, Hamilton G, Herzyk P, Oreffo ROC, Gadegaard N, Dalby MJ. A genomics approach in determining nanotopographical effects on MSC phenotype. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2177-84. [PMID: 23312853 PMCID: PMC3573234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Topography and its effects on cell adhesion, morphology, growth and differentiation are well documented. Thus, current advances with the use of nanotopographies offer promising results in the field of regenerative medicine. Studies have also shown nanotopographies to have strong effects on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. What is less clear however is what mechanotransductive mechanisms are employed by the cells to facilitate such changes. In fastidious cell types, it has been suggested that direct mechanotransduction producing morphological changes in the nucleus, nucleoskeleton and chromosomes themselves may be central to cell responses to topography. In this report we move these studies into human skeletal or mesenchymal stem cells and propose that direct (mechanical) signalling is important in the early stages of tuning stem cell fate to nanotopography. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Affymetrix arrays we have evidence that nanotopography stimulates changes in nuclear organisation that can be linked to spatially regulated genes expression with a particular focus on phenotypical genes. For example, chromosome 1 was seen to display the largest numbers of gene deregulations and also a concomitant change in nuclear positioning in response to nanotopography. Plotting of deregulated genes in reference to band positioning showed that topographically related changes tend to happen towards the telomeric ends of the chromosomes, where bone related genes are generally clustered. Such an approach offers a better understanding of cell–surface interaction and, critically, provides new insights of how to control stem cell differentiation with future applications in areas including regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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Hannigan A, Qureshi AM, Nixon C, Tsimbouri PM, Jones S, Philbey AW, Wilson JB. Lymphocyte deficiency limits Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induced chronic inflammation and carcinogenic pathology in vivo. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:11. [PMID: 21291541 PMCID: PMC3041781 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the malignant cell environment to its growth and survival is becoming increasingly apparent, with dynamic cross talk between the neoplastic cell, the leukocyte infiltrate and the stroma. Most cancers are accompanied by leukocyte infiltration which, contrary to an anticipated immuno-protective role, could be contributing to tumour development and cancer progression. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's Disease, show a considerable leukocyte infiltration which surrounds the neoplastic cells, raising the questions as to what role these cells play in either restricting or supporting the tumour and what draws the cells into the tumour. In order to begin to address this we have studied a transgenic model of multistage carcinogenesis with epithelial expression of the EBV primary oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). LMP1 is expressed particularly in the skin, which develops a hyperplastic pathology soon after birth. RESULTS The pathology advances with time leading to erosive dermatitis which is inflamed with a mixed infiltrate involving activated CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells including CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ Treg cells, mast cells and neutrophils. Also significant dermal deposition of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) is observed as the pathology advances. Along with NF-kappaB activation, STAT3, a central factor in inflammation regulation, is activated in the transgenic tissue. Several inflammatory factors are subsequently upregulated, notably CD30 and its ligand CD153, also leukocyte trafficking factors including CXCL10, CXCL13, L-selectin and TGFβ1, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-3 and the murine IL-8 analogues CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL5-6, amongst others. The crucial role of mature T- and/or B-lymphocytes in the advancing pathology is demonstrated by their elimination, which precludes mast cell infiltration and limits the pathology to an early, benign stage. CONCLUSIONS LMP1 can lead to the activation of several key factors mediating proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation in vivo. With the initiation of an inflammatory programme, leukocyte recruitment follows which then itself contributes to the progressing pathology in these transgenic mice, with a pivotal role for B-and/or T-cells in the process. The model suggests a basis for the leukocyte infiltrate observed in EBV-associated cancer and its supporting role, as well as potential points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Hannigan
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Ross L, Riehle MO, McNamara LE, Burchmore R, Dalby MJ, McMurray RJ, Gadegaard N, Ahmed S, Tsimbouri PM. Research Highlights. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Ross
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - MO Riehle
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - LE McNamara
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - R Burchmore
- Sir Henry Welcome Functional Genomics Facility, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - MJ Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - RJ McMurray
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - N Gadegaard
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - S Ahmed
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - PM Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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