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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Fitzpatrick P, Bhardwaj N, Masalkhi M, Lyons A, Frazer K, McCann A, Syed S, Niranjan V, Kelleher CC, Brennan S, Kavanagh P, Fox P. Provision of smoking cessation support for patients following a diagnosis of cancer in Ireland. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102158. [PMID: 36875512 PMCID: PMC9982599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that smoking cessation (SC) improves outcomes following diagnosis of cancer. Notwithstanding adverse outcomes, a significant number of those diagnosed with cancer continue to smoke. Our objective was to document the SC services provided for patients with cancer by specialist adult cancer hospitals across Ireland, a country with a stated tobacco endgame goal. A cross-sectional survey based on recent national clinical guidelines was used to determine SC care delivery across eight adult cancer specialist hospitals, and one specialist radiotherapy centre. Qualtrics was used. The response rate was 88.9% with data reported from seven cancer hospitals and one specialist radiotherapy centre, all indicating they had some SC related provision (100%). Stop smoking medications were provided to cancer inpatients in two hospitals, at outpatients and attending day ward services in one hospital. Smokers with cancer were referred automatically to the SC service in two hospitals at diagnosis. While stop smoking medications were available 24 h a day in five hospitals, most did not stock all three (Nicotine Replacement Therapy, Bupropion, Varenicline). One hospital advised they had data on uptake of SC services for smokers with cancer but were unable to provide detail. There is considerable variation in SC information and services provided to cancer patients across adult cancer specialist centres in Ireland, reflecting the suboptimal practice of smoking cessation for patients with cancer found in the limited international audits. Such audits are essential to demonstrate service gaps and provide a baseline for service improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fitzpatrick
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, D04 T6F4, Elm Park Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N Bhardwaj
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Masalkhi
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Lyons
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, D04 T6F4, Elm Park Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - K Frazer
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A McCann
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD School of Medicine, Ireland
| | - S Syed
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, D04 T6F4, Elm Park Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - V Niranjan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C C Kelleher
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, D04 T6F4, Elm Park Dublin 4, Ireland.,College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Brennan
- St Luke's Hospital, Rathgar Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - P Kavanagh
- Health Service Executive Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Strategy and Research, 4th Floor, Jervis House, Jervis Street, Dublin 1, D01 W596, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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Fitzpatrick P, Bhardwaj N, Syed S, Fox P, Frazer K, Niranjan V, Lyons A, McCann A, Brennan S, Guerin S. Smoking cessation for cancer patients through the lens of cancer specialists: challenges & solutions. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594757 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of smoking cessation (SC) for cancer patients are widely recognised. However, there has been a limited emphasis on SC in this context and it continues to be a challenge for cancer patients. As part of a larger feasibility study aiming to develop a structured SC pathway for cancer patients in Ireland, this qualitative study explored the SC practices, experiences and opinions of oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 HCPs from lung, breast, cervical, head and neck and general oncology, across 4 specialist adult cancer hospitals in Ireland. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four key themes emerged: (1) Frequently ask and advise but infrequently assist: most HCPs ask about smoking and many advise about available supports, but few refer patients to SC services. Where offered, referrals were to hospital SC services and/or nicotine replacement therapy was prescribed; no HCP prescribed varenicline or bupropion. Barriers included lack of time, ill-defined referral pathways and lack of knowledge. (2) Increased willingness but differing ability to quit: most patients were interested in quitting post diagnosis and had varying support needs, linked to cancer stage, social circumstances and stress levels. (3) Need for an integrated or parallel service: all HCPs suggested that a structured and defined referral pathway will facilitate SC. (4) Motivational counselling and pharmacotherapy combination: many HCPs suggested face to face as the best mode of intervention initially, with regular follow ups and ongoing support virtually, started pre-treatment, with an empathetic and empowering approach with provision of both motivational counselling and SC pharmacotherapy. Conclusions Smoking post cancer diagnosis has serious implications for cancer treatment and prognosis but is frequently overlooked. These findings will inform the design of a SC pathway for cancer patients. Key messages • Despite increased willingness to quit, there is inadequate and inconsistent SC support provision for cancer patients. • Tailored SC support should be an integral part of comprehensive cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St. Vincent’s University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Bhardwaj
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Syed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St. Vincent’s University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Frazer
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Niranjan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Lyons
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St. Vincent’s University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McCann
- Biomolecular & Biomedical Research Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Brennan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s Radiation Oncology Network , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Guerin
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Frazer K, Bhardwaj N, Fox P, Niranjan V, Quinn S, Kelleher C, Fitzpatrick P. Rapid systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for people who smoke and have cancer. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Higher rates of cancer are reported in smokers compared to non-smokers, and continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced health outcomes and survival. Despite international evidence of increased risks, a substantial percentage of people with a cancer diagnosis continue to smoke. Patients may be unaware of the additional risks associated with continued smoking, and health care professionals may not engage with quit supports. As part of a larger feasibility study to develop a smoking cessation pathway in cancer services in Ireland, a rapid review of the evidence was completed.
Methods
Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL 2015 to December 2020 were conducted; with studies restricted to adults with a cancer diagnosis [lung, breast, cervical, head and neck] and published in English. No restriction was placed on study designs. 6404 studies were identified and uploaded into COVIDENCE platform, Cochrane's systematic review methods were adopted throughout, PRISMA reporting guidelines were used, and narrative data synthesis was completed (CRD 42020214204).
Results
The twenty-three-studies report evidence from USA, Canada, England, Lebanon, and Australia. The setting for all interventions was hospitals and cancer clinics. Evidence identifies high dropout rates, inconsistencies in approaches and duration of smoking cessation interventions with varied outcomes. A wide-ranging number of critical components emerged associated with optimal quit support- including the timing of and frequency of quit conversations, use of electronic records, in-person support meetings, provision of nicotine replacement therapy and extended use of Varenicline, smoking cessation services embedded in oncology depts, and engaging with families wanting to quit at the same time.
Conclusions
Developing tailored smoking cessation interventions are needed for smokers diagnosed with cancer to enable engagement.
Key messages
• Continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced health outcomes.
• Smoking cessation programmes for cancer patient should be tailored to meet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frazer
- Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Bhardwaj
- Public Health, Physiotherapy, Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Niranjan
- Public Health, Physiotherapy, Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Quinn
- Public Health, Physiotherapy, Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Kelleher
- Public Health, Physiotherapy, Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
- Department Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fitzpatrick
- Public Health, Physiotherapy, Sports Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
- Department Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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Yu V, Liu H, Zhang L, Fox P, Lonsberry C, Mah D, Cervino L, Yamada Y. Proton and Photon Dosimetry of Carbon Fiber-PEEK Implants for Paraspinal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Choi I, Khan A, Mah D, McCormick B, Tsai H, Rosario GD, Mamary J, Liu H, Fox P, Gillespie E, Braunstein L, Powell S, Cahlon O. Proton Reirradiation for Recurrent or New Primary Breast Cancer in the Setting of Prior Breast Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bhardwaj N, Fox P, Frazer K, Lyons A, Doherty K, Fitzpatrick P. Has the national fall in smoking rate in Ireland been replicated in cancer patients? a 5-year report. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Population smoking rates are falling in Ireland, however many cancer patients continue smoking post diagnosis, despite its association with poorer treatment and clinical outcomes. As part of a feasibility study of smoking cessation for cancer patients in Ireland, a review of smoking rates in cancer patients was undertaken.
Methods
The Hospital Inpatient Enquiry system (HIPE), a national database which collects administrative, demographic & clinical data on discharges from public hospitals in Ireland, provided data (2014-2018) on smoking status of adult discharges with a cancer diagnosis (overall, breast, lung, cervical and head & neck (H&N). Smoking trends were compared with Healthy Ireland data (2015-2018), from a national survey for adults on health & wellbeing.
Results
During 2014-18, current smoking rose for all cancers (10.5%-11.4%), cervical cancer (11%-19.8%) and initially (2014-2016) for H&N (3%-12.7%) and lung (24.7%-27.2%), which dropped to 7.6% and 24% respectively in 2018; breast was stable at 6 ± 0.6%. Rates are lower than the general population (23%-20%). During 2014-17, past smoking rates demonstrated an upward trend among all cancers and specific cancers, with the highest prevalence among lung (30.3-39%) and lowest among breast (7.3-11%); comparative general population data was 23-28%. Current smoking rates for all cancers were highest among 50-59-year-olds (14-16%), which contrasts with the general population (24-35 years at 32-28%). Current and past smoking rates for all cancers were consistently higher among males, similar to the general population.
Conclusions
HIPE data is limited by duplicate episodes of care, and it is recognised that smoking documentation may be an underestimate. However, it is useful to analyse trends, as these limitations should be stable over the 5-year study period. Rates remain high; our further research will document barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation among cancer patients.
Key messages
Smoking rates in cancer patients are high despite proven benefits of smoking cessation. Supportive smoking cessation services as part of routine cancer care are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhardwaj
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Frazer
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Lyons
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Doherty
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Promotion, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Grimison P, Mersiades A, Kirby A, Lintzeris N, Morton R, Haber P, Olver I, Walsh A, McGregor I, Cheung Y, Tognela A, Hahn C, Briscoe K, Aghmesheh M, Fox P, Abdi E, Clarke S, Della-Fiorentina S, Shannon J, Gedye C, Begbie S, Simes J, Stockler M. Oral THC:CBD cannabis extract for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II crossover trial. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1553-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Hanson J, Fox M, Anderson A, Fox P, Webster K, Williams C, Nield B, Bagshaw R, Hempenstall A, Smith S, Solomon N, Boyd P. Chronic hepatitis B in remote, tropical Australia; successes and challenges. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238719. [PMID: 32881958 PMCID: PMC7470305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living in remote locations suffer disproportionately from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Defining the temporospatial epidemiology of the disease—and assessing the ability of local clinicians to deliver optimal care—is crucial to improving patient outcomes in these settings. Methods The demographic, laboratory and radiology findings in all patients diagnosed with CHB after 1990, and presently residing in remote Far North Queensland (FNQ), tropical Australia, were correlated with their management and clinical course. Results Of the 602 patients, 514 (85%) identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 417 (69%) of whom had Torres Strait Islander heritage. Among the 514 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, there were only 61 (12%) born after universal postnatal vaccination was introduced in 1985. Community CHB prevalence varied significantly across the region from 7/1707 (0.4%) in western Cape York to 55/806 (6.8%) in the Eastern Torres Strait Islands. Although 240/602 (40%) are engaged in care, with 65 (27%) meeting criteria for antiviral therapy, only 43 (66%) were receiving this treatment. Among 537 with complete data, 32 (6%) were cirrhotic, of whom 15 (47%) were engaged in care and 10 (33%) were receiving antiviral therapy. Only 64/251 (26%) in whom national guidelines would recommend hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance are receiving screening, however, only 20 patients have been diagnosed with HCC since 1999. Conclusion Vaccination has had a dramatic effect on CHB prevalence in FNQ in only a generation. However, although engagement in care is the highest in Australia, this is not translating into initiation of antiviral therapy in all those that should be receiving it, increasing their risk of developing cirrhosis and HCC. New strategies are necessary to improve the care of Indigenous Australians living with CHB to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Hanson
- The Director’s Unit, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Melissa Fox
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Anderson
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Fox
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Webster
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charlie Williams
- Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Blake Nield
- Department of Microbiology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Bagshaw
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Simon Smith
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norma Solomon
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Boyd
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
In the United Kingdom (UK), women are more likely to live alone in later life. Social factors such as household composition have been shown to affect health and wellbeing as we age. The health and well-being of older women who live alone are of interest to researchers, care providers, health organizations, and policymakers. This article contributes to the literature by detailing a scoping review, establishing the current evidence in this field. The purpose and context of the review are given. The methodology and resulting data are described. Gaps in the literature and implications for practice and research are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat Forward
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
| | - H T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
| | - P Fox
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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Sheridan A, Kemple M, Hyde A, Fox P, Furlong E, Coughlan B, Bell M, Naughton C, Carberry S, Drennan J. Non-use of cancer information services among people experiencing cancer in Ireland. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 44:101700. [PMID: 32007695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons for non-use of a national cancer society's cancer information services among people experiencing cancer. METHOD This study used a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 17 participants who had not previously utilised the Cancer Society's information services. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. RESULTS The key themes to emerge from the date were 'living in the here and now' and 'awareness of the Cancer Society'. For most participants, not utilising cancer information services was a means of coping with the initial diagnosis and the impact of treatment. Those who progressed to being ready to seek information identified the multi-disciplinary team as the primary source of trusted information, with particular mention of cancer nurse specialists. For participants with children, their role as a parent was central in how they managed their diagnosis. The majority of participants lacked awareness of the range of services provided by the Cancer Society. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for non-use of cancer information services were identified as: readiness to seek information and a lack of knowledge of the Cancer Societies' services. Cancer information services need to continue make a concerted effort to enhance visibility and awareness of its services to optimise patient engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheridan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - M Kemple
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Hyde
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Furlong
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Coughlan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Bell
- Our Lady's Hospice and Care Services, Harold's Cross, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Naughton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Carberry
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Drennan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Bartlett SR, Fox P, Cabatingan H, Jaros A, Gorton C, Lewis R, Priscott E, Dore GJ, Russell DB. Demonstration of Near-Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Among a Prison Population: The Lotus Glen Correctional Centre Hepatitis C Treatment Project. Clin Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29538639 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through rapid uptake of government-funded direct-acting antiviral therapy within an Australian prison setting is demonstrated. During a 22-month period, 119 patients initiated treatment for chronic HCV infection, with HCV in-prison viremic prevalence declining from 12% to 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny Fox
- Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Darren B Russell
- Cairns Sexual Health Service, Cairns.,James Cook University, Cairns.,Melbourne University, Australia
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14
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Fox P, Neill OO, Slevin T, Carberry S, Furlong E, Coughlan B, Clarke A, Corboy H. The perceptions of parents/guardians regarding their child/adolescent’s experience of reflexology or non specific foot massage. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz275.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Mersiades A, Tognela A, Haber P, Stockler M, Lintzeris N, Simes J, McGregor I, Olver I, Allsop D, Gedye C, Kirby A, Morton R, Briscoe K, Fox P, Aghmesheh M, Wong N, Bhardwaj A, Tran A, Hahn C, Grimison P. Pilot and definitive randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials evaluating an oral cannabinoid-rich THC/CBD cannabis extract for secondary prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy300.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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McCann L, Ream E, Armes J, Harris J, Kotronoulas G, Miaskowski C, Furlong E, Fox P, Patiraki E, Miller M, Donnan P, McCrone P, Flowerday A, Apostolidis K, Gaiger A, Berg G, Katsaragakis SS, O'Brien C, Kearney N, Maguire R. Remote monitoring systems in the cancer setting: eSMART: Electronic Symptom Management using the Advanced Symptom Management System (ASyMS) Remote Technology for patients with cancer. Breast 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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17
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Lee A, Hanson J, Fox P, Spice G, Russell D, Boyd P. A decentralised, multidisciplinary model of care facilitates treatment of hepatitis C in regional Australia. J Virus Erad 2018; 4:160-164. [PMID: 30050677 PMCID: PMC6038134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has excellent cure rates and minimal side effects. Despite the high burden of disease, strategies to ultimately eradicate HCV are being developed. However, the delivery of care in regional settings is challenging and the efficacy of decentralised models of care is incompletely defined. METHODS A prospective cohort study of patients whose treatment was initiated or supervised by Cairns Hospital, a tertiary hospital which provides services to a culturally diverse population across a 380,748 km2 area in regional Australia. Patients' demographics, clinical features, DAA regimens and outcomes were recorded and correlated with their ensuing clinical course. RESULTS Over 22 months, 734 patients were prescribed DAA therapy for HCV. No patients were prescribed interferon. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (n=371, 50.5%) and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (n=287, 39.1%) were the most commonly prescribed regimens. No patients ceased treatment due to adverse effects. There were 612/734 (83.4%) patients with complete results, with 575 (94%) cured. At the end of the study period, there were 50 (6.8%) patients lost to follow-up and 72 (9.8%) awaiting SVR12 testing. The presence of cirrhosis (n=147/612, 24.1%) did not impact significantly on SVR12 rates, this being achieved in 136/147 (92.5%) cirrhotic patients versus 440/465 (94.6%) in non-cirrhotic patients (p=0.34). Treatment-experienced patients (95/612, 18.3%) were more likely to be non-responders than treatment-naïve patients (10/95 (10.5%) versus 26/517 (5%), p=0.04). Strategies to facilitate treatment included a dedicated clinical nurse consultant, education to primary health care providers, specialist outreach clinics to regional communities and shared care with general practitioners. SVR12 rates were similar amongst gastroenterologists (283/306, 92.5%), general practitioners (152/161, 94.4%), sexual health physicians (104/106, 98.1%) and other prescribers (37/39, 94.9%). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that decentralised, multidisciplinary models of care can provide HCV treatment in regional and remote settings with excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lee
- Corresponding author: Andrew Lee,
Cairns Hospital,
Division of Medicine (Gastroenterology),
165 The Esplanade,
Cairns City,
QLD 4870,
Australia
| | | | - Penny Fox
- Division of Medicine,
Cairns Hospital,
Cairns,
Australia
| | - Greg Spice
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs Service,
Cairns Hospital,
Cairns,
Australia
| | | | - Peter Boyd
- Division of Medicine,
Cairns Hospital,
Cairns,
Australia
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18
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Amer SA, Smith J, Mahran A, Fox P, Fakis A. Double-blind randomized controlled trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1631-1638. [PMID: 28854590 PMCID: PMC5850470 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Would letrozole as a primary ovulation induction agent generate better pregnancy rates than clomiphene citrate (CC) in subfertile women with anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Participants receiving letrozole as a primary treatment achieved a significantly (P = 0.022) higher clinical pregnancy rate per patient (61.2%) compared to CC (43.0%). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY According to a recent Cochrane systematic review (2014), letrozole appears to improve live-birth (LB) and pregnancy rates in anovulatory women with PCOS, compared to CC. However, the review concluded that the quality of evidence was low due to poor reporting of study methods and possible publication bias. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 159 participants between April 2007 and June 2014. Subjects were randomly allocated to either CC (n = 79) or letrozole (n = 80) in a 1:1 ratio. Both drugs were encapsulated to look identical. Randomization was performed in mixed blocks and stratified by patients’ BMI (<30 and 30–35 kg/m2). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The trial included subfertile women diagnosed with PCOS. Treatment started with one tablet (CC 50 mg, letrozole 2.5 mg) increasing to two in non-responders and continuing until pregnancy or for up to six ovulatory cycles. Non-responders were crossed over to the other treatment after a 6-week break. Cycles were initially monitored with ultrasound follicle tracking then mid-luteal serum progesterone measurement in subsequent cycles. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Amongst the 159 participants included in the intention-to-treat analysis, four women conceived before treatment and six were lost-to-follow-up. The remaining 149 participants (74 on CC and 75 on letrozole) completed at least the first treatment. Women receiving letrozole achieved a significantly (P = 0.022; absolute difference [95% confidence interval] 18% [3–33%]) higher pregnancy rate (61.%) than those on CC (43%). The median number of treatment cycles received until pregnancy was significantly (log rank P = 0.038) smaller with letrozole (4[3–5] cycles) compared to CC (6[4–7] cycles). LB rates were not statistically (P = 0.089) different between the two groups, although there was a trend towards higher rates on letrozole (48.8%) compared to CC (35.4%). After the crossover, pregnancy and LB rates on letrozole (n = 45; 28.9 and 24.4%, respectively) were not statistically (P = 0.539 and P = 0.601) different from CC (n = 31; 22.6 and 19.4%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION One possible limitation of this trial may be the exclusion of PCOS women with BMI > 35 kg/m2, which would limit the applicability of the results in this subgroup of PCOS. However, this group of women are generally excluded from treatment in the majority of fertility centres, especially in Europe, due to the associated challenges and risks. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this trial are consistent with the recent Cochrane systematic review. However, with its robust design, the current RCT provides more valid and compelling evidence for the superiority of letrozole over CC as a primary ovulation induction agent in PCOS women with 40% increase in pregnancy rates and with a shorter time-to-pregnancy. Furthermore, the participants in this RCT are a good representation of subfertile PCOS population receiving fertility treatment in Europe and worldwide. The results are therefore globally generalizable for clinical practice. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This RCT was mainly funded by the R&D Funding Scheme of Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The study also received funds from School of Medicine, University of Nottingham. The Trust R&D department was involved in the development of the protocol and the running of the trial. The trial was sponsored and monitored by the University of Nottingham. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER www.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00478504. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE Registration was verified on 23/05/2007. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 25/04/2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Amer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - J Smith
- R&D Department, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - A Mahran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - P Fox
- Pharmacy Department, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - A Fakis
- R&D Department, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
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19
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Yu F, Barron DS, Tantiwongkosi B, Fox M, Fox P. Characterisation of meta-analytical functional connectivity in progressive supranuclear palsy. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:415.e1-415.e7. [PMID: 29269038 PMCID: PMC10596737 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the meta-analytical functional connectivity patterns in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and compare them to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS It was previously reported that PSP and IPD showed distinct regions of brain atrophy based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) meta-analysis. Using these regions as seeds, healthy control data were referenced to create and statistically compare meta-analytical functional connectivity maps of PSP and IPD. RESULTS Some overlap was noted between the two diseases, including within the thalamus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex; however, the PSP seeds demonstrated more extensive functional co-activity throughout the brain, particularly within the midbrain, precentral gyrus, parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. CONCLUSION These findings may help guide future longitudinal studies in the development of new functional imaging biomarkers for diagnosis and assessing treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - D S Barron
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - B Tantiwongkosi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, MC 7800, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - M Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - P Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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20
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Camilleri JA, Müller VI, Fox P, Laird AR, Hoffstaedter F, Kalenscher T, Eickhoff SB. Definition and characterization of an extended multiple-demand network. Neuroimage 2018; 165:138-147. [PMID: 29030105 PMCID: PMC5732056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that executive functions (EF) depend on brain regions that are not closely tied to specific cognitive demands but rather to a wide range of behaviors. A multiple-demand (MD) system has been proposed, consisting of regions showing conjoint activation across multiple demands. Additionally, a number of studies defining networks specific to certain cognitive tasks suggest that the MD system may be composed of a number of sub-networks each subserving specific roles within the system. We here provide a robust definition of an extended MDN (eMDN) based on task-dependent and task-independent functional connectivity analyses seeded from regions previously shown to be convergently recruited across neuroimaging studies probing working memory, attention and inhibition, i.e., the proposed key components of EF. Additionally, we investigated potential sub-networks within the eMDN based on their connectional and functional similarities. We propose an eMDN network consisting of a core whose integrity should be crucial to performance of most operations that are considered higher cognitive or EF. This then recruits additional areas depending on specific demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Camilleri
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - V I Müller
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - A R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | - F Hoffstaedter
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Kalenscher
- Institute of Comparative Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - S B Eickhoff
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Lee A, Hanson J, Fox P, Kini GP, Ombiga J, Boyd P. O19 Towards hepatitis C eradication in far North Queensland: a report on models of care and direct acting antiviral outcomes. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Russell D, Fox P, Cabatingan H, Jaros A, Gorton C, Lewis R, Priscott E, Bartlett S, Dore G. O16 A regional prison cleared of hepatitis C in less than 12 months. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Jason LA, Ohanian D, Brown A, Sunnquist M, McManimen S, Klebek L, Fox P, Sorenson M. Differentiating Multiple Sclerosis from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 29430570 DOI: 10.21767/2572-5610.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), and Chronic Fatigue syndrome are debilitating chronic illnesses, with some overlapping symptoms. However, few studies have compared and contrasted symptom and disability profiles for these illnesses for the purpose of further differentiating them. The current study was an online self-report survey that compared symptoms from a sample of individuals with MS (N = 120) with a sample of individuals with ME or CFS (N = 269). Respondents completed the self-report DePaul Symptom Questionnaire. Those individuals with ME or CFS reported significantly more functional limitations and significantly more severe symptoms than those with MS. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jason
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - D Ohanian
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - A Brown
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - M Sunnquist
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - S McManimen
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - L Klebek
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - P Fox
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
| | - M Sorenson
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, USA
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Abstract
IntroductionPsychopathy is characterized by superficial charm, untruthfulness, lack of remorse, antisocial behavior, egocentricity as well as poverty in major affective reactions. This clinical profile has been empirically conceptualized and validated. Recent brain imaging studies suggest abnormal brain activity underlying psychopathic behavior. However, no reliable pattern of altered neural activity has been disclosed so far.ObjectiveTo identify consistent changes of brain activity in psychopaths and to investigate whether these could explain known psychopathology.MethodsFirst, we used activation likelihood estimation to meta-analyze brain activation changes in psychopaths across 28 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting 753 foci from 155 analyses (P < 0.05, corrected). Second, we functionally characterized the ensuing regions employing meta-data of a large-scale neuroimaging database (P < 0.05, corrected).ResultsPsychopathy was consistently associated with decreased brain activity in the right amygdala, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and bilaterally in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Consistently increased activity was observed bilaterally in the fronto-insular cortex (FIC) (Fig. 1). Moreover, we found that the physiological functional role of the candidate regions related to social cognition (DMFPC), cognitive speech and semantic processing (left FIC/LPFC), emotional and cognitive reward processing (right amygdala/FIC) as well as somesthesis and executive functions (RLPFC).ConclusionPsychopathy is characterized by abnormal brain activity of bilateral prefrontal cortices and the right amygdala, which mediate psychological functions known to be impaired in psychopaths. Hence, aberrant neural activity can account for pertinent psychopathology in psychopathy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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25
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Harcourt SE, Morbey RA, Loveridge P, Carrilho L, Baynham D, Povey E, Fox P, Rutter J, Moores P, Tiffen J, Bellerby S, McIntosh P, Large S, McMenamin J, Reynolds A, Ibbotson S, Smith GE, Elliot AJ. Developing and validating a new national remote health advice syndromic surveillance system in England. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 39:184-192. [PMID: 26956114 PMCID: PMC6092922 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public Health England (PHE) coordinates a suite of real-time national syndromic surveillance systems monitoring general practice, emergency department and remote health advice data. We describe the development and informal evaluation of a new syndromic surveillance system using NHS 111 remote health advice data. Methods NHS 111 syndromic indicators were monitored daily at national and local level. Statistical models were applied to daily data to identify significant exceedances; statistical baselines were developed for each syndrome and area using a multi-level hierarchical mixed effects model. Results Between November 2013 and October 2014, there were on average 19 095 NHS 111 calls each weekday and 43 084 each weekend day in the PHE dataset. There was a predominance of females using the service (57%); highest percentage of calls received was in the age group 1-4 years (14%). This system was used to monitor respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over the winter of 2013-14, the potential public health impact of severe flooding across parts of southern England and poor air quality episodes across England in April 2014. Conclusions This new system complements and supplements the existing PHE syndromic surveillance systems and is now integrated into the routine daily processes that form this national syndromic surveillance service.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Harcourt
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - R. A. Morbey
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - P. Loveridge
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - L. Carrilho
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - D. Baynham
- South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester OX26 6HR, UK
| | - E. Povey
- Digital Assessment Service, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds BL1 2AX, UK
| | - P. Fox
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - J. Rutter
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - P. Moores
- Operations and Assurance Services, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Exeter EX2 5SE, UK
| | - J. Tiffen
- NHS Choices, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Southampton SO30 2UN, UK
| | - S. Bellerby
- NHS Choices, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Southampton SO30 2UN, UK
| | - P. McIntosh
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - S. Large
- Nursing and Quality Directorate, NHS England, South Region, UK
| | - J. McMenamin
- Respiratory Team, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - A. Reynolds
- Respiratory Team, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - S. Ibbotson
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - G. E. Smith
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - A. J. Elliot
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
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Müller V, Cieslik E, Palomero-Gallagher N, Laird A, Fox P, Eickhoff S. EP 61. Coactivation-based parcellation of the posterior medial frontal cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Miaskowski C, Cooper BA, Aouizerat B, Melisko M, Chen LM, Dunn L, Hu X, Kober KM, Mastick J, Levine JD, Hammer M, Wright F, Harris J, Armes J, Furlong E, Fox P, Ream E, Maguire R, Kearney N. The symptom phenotype of oncology outpatients remains relatively stable from prior to through 1 week following chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 26777053 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Some oncology outpatients experience a higher number of and more severe symptoms during chemotherapy (CTX). However, little is known about whether this high risk phenotype persists over time. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to examine the probability that patients remained in the same symptom class when assessed prior to the administration of and following their next dose of CTX. For the patients whose class membership remained consistent, differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) was used to evaluate symptom burden. LTA was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct symptom experiences based on the occurrence of the MSAS symptoms. Of the 906 patients evaluated, 83.9% were classified in the same symptom occurrence class at both assessments. Of these 760 patients, 25.0% were classified as Low-Low, 44.1% as Moderate-Moderate and 30.9% as High-High. Compared to the Low-Low class, the other two classes were younger, more likely to be women and to report child care responsibilities, and had a lower functional status and a higher comorbidity scores. The two higher classes reported lower QOL scores. The use of LTA could assist clinicians to identify higher risk patients and initiate more aggressive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Aouizerat
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Melisko
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L-M Chen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Dunn
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X Hu
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Mastick
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Hammer
- New York University College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Wright
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Harris
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Armes
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Furlong
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fox
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Ream
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - R Maguire
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - N Kearney
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
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Patt D, Rao S, Espirito J, Wilson T, Fox P. 3327 Survival outcomes in patients (pts) with advanced (adv) melanoma (MEL) with brain metastases treated with 1st-line (1L) ipilimumab (IPI). Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thall P, Fox P, Wathen J. Statistical controversies in clinical research: scientific and ethical problems with adaptive randomization in comparative clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1621-8. [PMID: 25979922 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, various outcome adaptive randomization (AR) methods have been used to conduct comparative clinical trials. Rather than randomizing patients equally between treatments, outcome AR uses the accumulating data to unbalance the randomization probabilities in favor of the treatment arm that currently is superior empirically. This is motivated by the idea that, on average, more patients in the trial will be given the treatment that is truly superior, so AR is ethically more desirable than equal randomization. AR remains controversial, however, and some of its properties are not well understood by the clinical trials community. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computer simulation was used to evaluate properties of a 200-patient clinical trial conducted using one of four Bayesian AR methods and compare them to an equally randomized group sequential design. RESULTS Outcome AR has several undesirable properties. These include a high probability of a sample size imbalance in the wrong direction, which might be surprising to nonstatisticians, wherein many more patients are assigned to the inferior treatment arm, the opposite of the intended effect. Compared with an equally randomized design, outcome AR produces less reliable final inferences, including a greatly overestimated actual treatment effect difference and smaller power to detect a treatment difference. This estimation bias becomes much larger if the prognosis of the accrued patients either improves or worsens systematically during the trial. CONCLUSIONS AR produces inferential problems that decrease potential benefit to future patients, and may decrease benefit to patients enrolled in the trial. These problems should be weighed against its putative ethical benefit. For randomized comparative trials to obtain confirmatory comparisons, designs with fixed randomization probabilities and group sequential decision rules appear to be preferable to AR, scientifically, and ethically.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thall
- Department of Biostatistics, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - P Fox
- Department of Biostatistics, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - J Wathen
- Model Based Drug Development, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, USA
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Brown P, Whiteside BJ, Beek TJ, Fox P, Horbury TS, Oddy TM, Archer MO, Eastwood JP, Sanz-Hernández D, Sample JG, Cupido E, O'Brien H, Carr CM. Space magnetometer based on an anisotropic magnetoresistive hybrid sensor. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:125117. [PMID: 25554336 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and development of a low resource, dual sensor vector magnetometer for space science applications on very small spacecraft. It is based on a hybrid device combining an orthogonal triad of commercial anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors with a totem pole H-Bridge drive on a ceramic substrate. The drive enables AMR operation in the more sensitive flipped mode and this is achieved without the need for current spike transmission down a sensor harness. The magnetometer has sensitivity of better than 3 nT in a 0-10 Hz band and a total mass of 104 g. Three instruments have been launched as part of the TRIO-CINEMA space weather mission, inter-calibration against the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model makes it possible to extract physical signals such as field-aligned current deflections of 20-60 nT within an approximately 45,000 nT ambient field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brown
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - B J Whiteside
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T J Beek
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Fox
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T S Horbury
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T M Oddy
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M O Archer
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J P Eastwood
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | | | - J G Sample
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Cupido
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - H O'Brien
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - C M Carr
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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Alexander M, King J, Bajel A, Doecke C, Fox P, Lingaratnam S, Mellor JD, Nicholson L, Roos I, Saunders T, Wilkes J, Zielinski R, Byrne J, MacMillan K, Mollo A, Kirsa S, Green M. Australian consensus guidelines for the safe handling of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment by healthcare personnel. Intern Med J 2014; 44:1018-26. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexander
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. King
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Bajel
- Department of Haematology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - C. Doecke
- Pharmacy Department; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - P. Fox
- Department of Medical Oncology; Central West Cancer Service; Orange New South Wales Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Lingaratnam
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. D. Mellor
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Roche Pty Ltd; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - L. Nicholson
- Oncology/Haematology Services; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - I. Roos
- Youth Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - T. Saunders
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Cancer Nurses Society of Australia; National Executive Committee; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. Wilkes
- View Health Pty Ltd; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Chemo@home Pty Ltd; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - R. Zielinski
- Department of Medical Oncology; Central West Cancer Service; Orange New South Wales Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - J. Byrne
- Western and Central Melbourne Integrated Cancer Service (WCMICS); Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - K. MacMillan
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Mollo
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S. Kirsa
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - M. Green
- Cancer Services; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Patel S, Reinhardt E, Fox P, Gombos D. Uveal Melanoma Tumor Size Correlated with Gene Expression Profiling: the Md Anderson Experience. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rohlfs M, Richard J, Dett T, Gonzalez N, Lacey C, Gerber D, Fox P, Papadopoulos N, Patel S. Mutation Analysis of Melanoma Patients with Leptomeningeal Disease (Lmd) Receiving Intrathecal Interleukin-2 (It-Il-2) at Md Anderson Cancer Center (Mdacc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fox P, Hudson M, Brown C, Lord S, Gebski V, De Souza P, Lee CK. Markers of systemic inflammation predict survival in patients with advanced renal cell cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:147-53. [PMID: 23778526 PMCID: PMC3708579 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The host inflammatory response has a vital role in carcinogenesis and tumour progression. We examined the prognostic value of inflammatory markers (albumin, white-cell count and its components, and platelets) in pre-treated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Using data from a randomised trial, multivariable proportional hazards models were generated to examine the impact of inflammatory markers and established prognostic factors (performance status, calcium, and haemoglobin) on overall survival (OS). We evaluated a new prognostic classification incorporating additional information from inflammatory markers. Results: Of the 416 patients, 362 were included in the analysis. Elevated neutrophil counts, elevated platelet counts, and a high neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio were significant independent predictors for shorter OS in a model with established prognostic factors. The addition of inflammatory markers improves the discriminatory value of the prognostic classification as compared with established factors alone (C-statistic 0.673 vs 0.654, P=0.002 for the difference), with 25.8% (P=0.004) of patients more appropriately classified using the new classification. Conclusion: Markers of systemic inflammation contribute significantly to prognostic classification in addition to established factors for pre-treated patients with advanced RCC. Upon validation of these data in independent studies, stratification of patients using these markers in future clinical trials is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fox
- Central West Cancer Service, Orange, NSW, Australia
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Bzdok D, Laird A, Zilles K, Fox P, Eickhoff S. Subregionale Spezialisierung der menschlichen Amygdala: Struktur, Konnektivität und Funktion. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sagan C, Veverka J, Fox P, Dubisch R, French R, Gierasch P, Quam L, Lederberg J, Levinthal E, Tucker R, Eross B, Pollack JB. Variable features on Mars, 2, Mariner 9 global results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb078i020p04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abraham J, Fox P, Koh S. Minocycline Attenuates Microglia Activation and Blocks the Long-Term Epileptogenic Effects of Early-Life Seizures (S28.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s28.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fox P, Butler M, Coughlan B. 27 The Role of CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) in the Cancer Setting – The Different Perspectives of Patients, Oncology Professionals and CAM Practitioners. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1462-3889(12)70042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cieslik EC, Zilles K, Caspers S, Roski C, Kellermann T, Jakobs O, Langner R, Laird A, Fox P, Eickhoff S. Co-activation based parcellation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Euscher E, Frauenhoffer E, Kim I, Al-Ghawi H, Fox P, Barbuto D, Djordjevic B, Hong S, Silva E, Malpica A. The pattern of myometrial invasion may be a predictor of lymph node metastasis or extrauterine disease in low grade endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stacey M, Fox P, Buescher S, Kolb J. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and telomere damage adversely impact cell survival. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McCarty EJ, O'Mahony C, Bates S, Fox P, Maw RD. Assessing the understanding and prior uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination among eligible females attending genitourinary medicine clinics in UK. Br J Vener Dis 2011; 87:488. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kochunov P, Glahn DC, Lancaster J, Thompson PM, Kochunov V, Rogers B, Fox P, Blangero J, Williamson DE. Fractional anisotropy of cerebral white matter and thickness of cortical gray matter across the lifespan. Neuroimage 2011; 58:41-9. [PMID: 21640837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined age trajectories of fractional anisotropy (FA) of cerebral white matter (WM) and thickness of cortical gray matter (GM) in 1031 healthy human subjects (aged 11-90 years). Whole-brain FA and GM thickness values followed quadratic trajectories with age but the relationship between them was linear, indicating that a putative biological mechanism may explain the non-linearity of their age trajectories. Inclusion of the FA values into the quadratic model of the whole-brain and regional GM thickness changes with age made the effect of the age(2) term no longer significant for the whole-brain GM thickness and greatly reduced its significance for regional GM thickness measurements. The phylogenetic order of cerebral myelination helped to further explain the intersubject variability in GM thickness. FA values for the early maturing WM were significantly better (p=10(-6)) at explaining variability in GM thickness in maturing (aged 11-20) subjects than FA values for the late maturing WM. The opposite trend was observed for aging subjects (aged 40-90) where FA values for the late maturing WM were better (p=10(-16)) at explaining the variability in GM thickness. We concluded that the non-linearity of the age trajectory for GM thickness, measured from T1-weighted MRI, was partially explained by the heterogeneity and the heterochronicity of the age-related changes in the microintegrity of cerebral WM. We consider these findings as the evidence that the measurements of age-related changes in GM thickness and FA are driven, in part, by a common biological mechanism, presumed to be related to changes in cerebral myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Catonsville, MD, USA.
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Wald C, Nalesnik M, Pomfret EA, Russo M, Rosen MA, Hartfeil DM, Fox P, Heckel ML, Gatsonis C. ACRIN 6690: Can contemporary imaging reduce false-positive rate in liver transplant (LT) allocation? A multicenter comparison of CT and MRI for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Eickhoff S, Nickl-Jockschat T, Kurth F, Laird A, Fox P. New approaches for coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rottschy C, Eickhoff S, Dogan I, Laird A, Fox P, Schulz J, Reetz K. Task- and age-effects in functional neuroimaging studies of working memory – a quantitative meta-analysis. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gucwa A, Raij A, Kotranza A, Beatty J, Rosson B, Laserna C, Park M, Kalaria C, Shah H, Fox P, Gehlot A, Johnsen K, Lok B, Lind D. Could This Be Cancer? Self-Reflection of Emapthetic Responses Using an Immersive “Through the Eyes of a Virtual Patient” Feedback System. J Surg Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kochunov P, Williamson DE, Lancaster J, Fox P, Cornell J, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Fractional anisotropy of water diffusion in cerebral white matter across the lifespan. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:9-20. [PMID: 20122755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Determining the time of peak of cerebral maturation is vital for our understanding of when cerebral maturation ceases and the cerebral degeneration in healthy aging begins. We carefully mapped changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion for eleven major cerebral white matter tracts in a large group (831) of healthy human subjects aged 11-90. FA is a neuroimaging index of micro-structural white matter integrity, sensitive to age-related changes in cerebral myelin levels, measured using diffusion tensor imaging. The average FA values of cerebral white matter (WM) reached peak at the age 32 ± 6 years. FA measurements for all but one major cortical white matter tract (cortico-spinal) reached peaks between 23 and 39 years of age. The maturation rates, prior to age-of-peak were significantly correlated (r=0.74; p=0.01) with the rates of decline, past age-of-peak. Regional analysis of corpus callosum (CC) showed that thinly-myelinated, densely packed fibers in the genu, that connect pre-frontal areas, maturated later and showed higher decline in aging than the more thickly myelinated motor and sensory areas in the body and splenium of CC. Our findings can be summarized as: associative, cerebral WM tracts that reach their peak FA values later in life also show progressively higher age-related decline than earlier maturing motor and sensory tracts. These findings carry multiple and diverse implications for both theoretical studies of the neurobiology of maturation and aging and for the clinical studies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochunov
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78284, United States.
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