1
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Dhawan U, Williams JA, Windmill JFC, Childs P, Gonzalez-Garcia C, Dalby MJ, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Engineered Surfaces That Promote Capture of Latent Proteins to Facilitate Integrin-Mediated Mechanical Activation of Growth Factors. Adv Mater 2024:e2310789. [PMID: 38253339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Conventional osteogenic platforms utilize active growth factors to repair bone defects that are extensive in size, but they can adversely affect patient health. Here, an unconventional osteogenic platform is reported that functions by promoting capture of inactive osteogenic growth factor molecules to the site of cell growth for subsequent integrin-mediated activation, using a recombinant fragment of latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-1 (rLTBP1). It is shown that rLTBP1 binds to the growth-factor- and integrin-binding domains of fibronectin on poly(ethyl acrylate) surfaces, which immobilizes rLTBP1 and promotes the binding of latency associated peptide (LAP), within which inactive transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is bound. rLTBP1 facilitates the interaction of LAP with integrin β1 and the subsequent mechanically driven release of TGF-β1 to stimulate canonical TGF-β1 signaling, activating osteogenic marker expression in vitro and complete regeneration of a critical-sized bone defect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G116EW, UK
| | - Jonathan A Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - James F C Windmill
- Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G11XW, UK
| | - Peter Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Cristina Gonzalez-Garcia
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G116EW, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G116EW, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G116EW, UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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2
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Romero-Torrecilla JA, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, López-Martínez T, Abizanda G, Riera-Álvarez L, de Galarreta-Moriones SR, López-Barberena A, Rodríguez-Flórez N, Elizalde R, Jayawarna V, Valdés-Fernández J, de Anleo MEG, Childs P, de Juan-Pardo E, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Prósper F, Muiños-López E, Granero-Moltó F. An engineered periosteum for efficient delivery of rhBMP-2 and mesenchymal progenitor cells during bone regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:54. [PMID: 37773177 PMCID: PMC10541910 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During bone regeneration, the periosteum acts as a carrier for key regenerative cues, delivering osteochondroprogenitor cells and crucial growth factors to the injured bone. We developed a biocompatible, 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) melt electro-written membrane to act as a mimetic periosteum. Poly (ethyl acrylate) coating of the PCL membrane allowed functionalization, mediated by fibronectin and low dose recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) (10-25 μg/ml), resulting in efficient, sustained osteoinduction in vitro. In vivo, rhBMP-2 functionalized mimetic periosteum demonstrated regenerative potential in the treatment of rat critical-size femoral defects with highly efficient healing and functional recovery (80%-93%). Mimetic periosteum has also proven to be efficient for cell delivery, as observed through the migration of transplanted periosteum-derived mesenchymal cells to the bone defect and their survival. Ultimately, mimetic periosteum demonstrated its ability to deliver key stem cells and morphogens to an injured site, exposing a therapeutic and translational potential in vivo when combined with unprecedentedly low rhBMP-2 doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Romero-Torrecilla
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Lamo-Espinosa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tania López-Martínez
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Riera-Álvarez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Naiara Rodríguez-Flórez
- Tecnun-School of Engineering, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Reyes Elizalde
- Tecnun-School of Engineering, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Vineetha Jayawarna
- Center for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - José Valdés-Fernández
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Echanove-González de Anleo
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elena de Juan-Pardo
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Center for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Donnelly H, Sprott MR, Poudel A, Campsie P, Childs P, Reid S, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Biggs M, Dalby MJ. Surface-Modified Piezoelectric Copolymer Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Supporting Physiological Extracellular Matrixes to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion for Nanoscale Mechanical Stimulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:50652-50662. [PMID: 37718477 PMCID: PMC10636716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need to provide viable bone grafts for clinical use. Autologous bone, one of the most commonly transplanted tissues, is often used but is associated with donor site morbidity. Tissue engineering strategies to differentiate an autologous cell source, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), into a potential bone-graft material could help to fulfill clinical demand. However, osteogenesis of MSCs can typically require long culture periods that are impractical in a clinical setting and can lead to significant cost. Investigation into strategies that optimize cell production is essential. Here, we use the piezoelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), functionalized with a poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) coating that drives fibronectin network formation, to enhance MSC adhesion and to present growth factors in the solid phase. Dynamic electrical cues are then incorporated, via a nanovibrational bioreactor, and the MSC response to electromechanical stimulation is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Donnelly
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Sprott
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Anup Poudel
- Centre
for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Paul Campsie
- SUPA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Childs
- SUPA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Reid
- SUPA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Manus Biggs
- Centre
for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
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4
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Yin Y, Zuo H, Childs P. Impacts of Cognitive Factors on Creativity Quality in Design: Identification from Performances in Recall, Association and Combination. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020039. [PMID: 36826937 PMCID: PMC9959459 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The reason why people have different creativity quality levels may depend on their different performances relating to other cognitive factors that are important for creativity. This study was designed to identify the performance of three cognitive factors (recall, association, and combination) that a designer may use in a creative process and then identify how the differing performance for these cognitive factors will affect creativity quality levels. Seventy-one participants were recruited to undertake a design task and complete a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that, in a creative design process, similar performances in recall, association, and combination can result in differences in creativity quality level.
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5
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Zuo H, Jing Q, Song T, Sun L, Childs P, Chen L. WikiLink: An Encyclopedia-Based Semantic Network for Design Creativity. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10040103. [PMID: 36412783 PMCID: PMC9680257 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data-driven design is a process to reuse data sources and provide valuable information to provoke creative ideas in the stages of design. However, existing semantic networks for design creativity are built on data sources restricted to technological and scientific information. Existing studies build the edges of a semantic network on statistical or semantic relationships, which are less likely to make full use of the benefits from both types of relationships and discover implicit knowledge for design creativity. Therefore, to overcome the gaps, we constructed WikiLink, a semantic network based on Wikipedia, which is an integrated source of general knowledge and specific knowledge, with broad coverage of disciplines. The weight in WikiLink fuses both the statistic and semantic weights between concepts instead of simply one type of weight, and four algorithms are developed for inspiring new ideas. Evaluation experiments are undertaken, and the results show that the network is characterised by high coverage of terms, relationships and disciplines, which demonstrates and supports the network's effectiveness and usefulness. A demonstration and case study results indicate that WikiLink can serve as an idea generation tool for creativity in conceptual design. The source code of WikiLink and the backend data are provided open-source for more users to explore and develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zuo
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qianzhi Jing
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Singapore Innovation and AI Joint Research Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Peter Childs
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Liuqing Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Singapore Innovation and AI Joint Research Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Childs P, Han J, Chen L, Jiang P, Wang P, Park D, Yin Y, Dieckmann E, Vilanova I. The Creativity Diamond—A Framework to Aid Creativity. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10040073. [PMID: 36278595 PMCID: PMC9590016 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many facets to creativity, and the topic has a profound impact on society. Substantial and sustained study on creativity has been undertaken, and much is now known about the fundamentals and how creativity can be augmented. To draw these elements together, a framework was developed called the creativity diamond, formulated on the basis of reviews of prior work, as well as the consideration of 20 PhD studies on the topics of creativity, design, innovation, and product development. The framework embodies the principles that quantity of ideas breeds quality through selection, and that a range of creativity tools can provoke additional ideas to augment our innate creativity. The creativity diamond proposed is a tool consisting of a divergent phase associated with the development of many distinctive ideas and a convergent phase associated with the refinement of ideas. The creativity diamond framework can be used to prompt and help select which tool or approach to use in a creative environment for innovative tasks. The framework has now been used by many students and professionals in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Childs
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ji Han
- Department of Management, Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PU, UK
| | - Liuqing Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pingfei Jiang
- School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, London SW15 3DW, UK
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongmyung Park
- Division of Design, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Yuan Yin
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elena Dieckmann
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ignacio Vilanova
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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7
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Romero-Torrecilla JA, Muinos-Lopez E, Valdés-Fernández J, López-Martínez T, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Jayawarna V, Childs P, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Prósper F, Granero-Moltó F. Tissue engineered mimetic periosteum for efficient delivery of rhBMP-2. Bone Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Damiati LA, Tsimbouri MP, Hernandez VL, Jayawarna V, Ginty M, Childs P, Xiao Y, Burgess K, Wells J, Sprott MR, Meek RMD, Li P, Oreffo ROC, Nobbs A, Ramage G, Su B, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ. Materials-driven fibronectin assembly on nanoscale topography enhances mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, protecting cells from bacterial virulence factors and preventing biofilm formation. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121263. [PMID: 34810036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-operative infection is a major complication in patients recovering from orthopaedic surgery. As such, there is a clinical need to develop biomaterials for use in regenerative surgery that can promote mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteospecific differentiation and that can prevent infection caused by biofilm-forming pathogens. Nanotopographical approaches to pathogen control are being identified, including in orthopaedic materials such as titanium and its alloys. These topographies use high aspect ratio nanospikes or nanowires to prevent bacterial adhesion but these features also significantly reduce MSC adhesion and activity. Here, we use a poly (ethyl acrylate) (PEA) polymer coating on titanium nanowires to spontaneously organise fibronectin (FN) and to deliver bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to enhance MSC adhesion and osteospecific signalling. Using a novel MSC-Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-culture, we show that the coated nanotopographies protect MSCs from cytotoxic quorum sensing and signalling molecules, enhance MSC adhesion and osteoblast differentiation and reduce biofilm formation. We conclude that the PEA polymer-coated nanotopography can both support MSCs and prevent pathogens from adhering to a biomaterial surface, thus protecting from biofilm formation and bacterial infection, and supporting osteogenic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Damiati
- Department of Biology, Collage of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23890, Saudi Arabia; Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Monica P Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Virginia-Llopis Hernandez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Vineetha Jayawarna
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Mark Ginty
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Peter Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK
| | - Yinbo Xiao
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julia Wells
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark R Sprott
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - R M Dominic Meek
- Department of Orthopedics, Queen Elizabeth II University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Peifeng Li
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Angela Nobbs
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Bo Su
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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9
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Orapiriyakul W, Tsimbouri MP, Childs P, Campsie P, Wells J, Fernandez-Yague MA, Burgess K, Tanner KE, Tassieri M, Meek D, Vassalli M, Biggs MJP, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Oreffo ROC, Reid S, Dalby MJ. Nanovibrational Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Therapeutic Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation for Three-Dimensional Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10027-10044. [PMID: 32658450 PMCID: PMC7458485 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing clinical need to develop cell-based bone therapies due to a lack of viable, autologous bone grafts and a growing demand for bone grafts in musculoskeletal surgery. Such therapies can be tissue engineered and cellular, such as osteoblasts, combined with a material scaffold. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both available and fast growing compared to mature osteoblasts, therapies that utilize these progenitor cells are particularly promising. We have developed a nanovibrational bioreactor that can convert MSCs into bone-forming osteoblasts in two- and three-dimensional, but the mechanisms involved in this osteoinduction process remain unclear. Here, to elucidate this mechanism, we use increasing vibrational amplitude, from 30 nm (N30) to 90 nm (N90) amplitudes at 1000 Hz and assess MSC metabolite, gene, and protein changes. These approaches reveal that dose-dependent changes occur in MSCs' responses to increased vibrational amplitude, particularly in adhesion and mechanosensitive ion channel expression and that energetic metabolic pathways are activated, leading to low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to low-level inflammation as well as to ROS- and inflammation-balancing pathways. These events are analogous to those that occur in the natural bone-healing processes. We have also developed a tissue engineered MSC-laden scaffold designed using cells' mechanical memory, driven by the stronger N90 stimulation. These mechanistic insights and cell-scaffold design are underpinned by a process that is free of inductive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wich Orapiriyakul
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and
Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince
of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Monica P. Tsimbouri
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and
Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Childs
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Campsie
- SUPA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Wells
- Bone
and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Fernandez-Yague
- Centre for
Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow
Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United
Kingdom
| | - K. Elizabeth Tanner
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Meek
- Department
of Orthopedics, Queen Elizabeth II University
Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Manus J. P. Biggs
- Centre for
Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone
and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Reid
- SUPA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and
Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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10
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Cheng ZA, Alba‐Perez A, Gonzalez‐Garcia C, Donnelly H, Llopis‐Hernandez V, Jayawarna V, Childs P, Shields DW, Cantini M, Ruiz‐Cantu L, Reid A, Windmill JFC, Addison ES, Corr S, Marshall WG, Dalby MJ, Salmeron‐Sanchez M. Nanoscale Coatings for Ultralow Dose BMP-2-Driven Regeneration of Critical-Sized Bone Defects. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1800361. [PMID: 30693176 PMCID: PMC6343071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While new biomaterials for regenerative therapies are being reported in the literature, clinical translation is slow. Some existing regenerative approaches rely on high doses of growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in bone regeneration, which can cause serious side effects. An ultralow-dose growth factor technology is described yielding high bioactivity based on a simple polymer, poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), and mechanisms to drive stem cell differentiation and bone regeneration in a critical-sized murine defect model with translation to a clinical veterinary setting are reported. This material-based technology triggers spontaneous fibronectin organization and stimulates growth factor signalling, enabling synergistic integrin and BMP-2 receptor activation in mesenchymal stem cells. To translate this technology, plasma-polymerized PEA is used on 2D and 3D substrates to enhance cell signalling in vitro, showing the complete healing of a critical-sized bone injury in mice in vivo. Efficacy is demonstrated in a Münsterländer dog with a nonhealing humerus fracture, establishing the clinical translation of advanced ultralow-dose growth factor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe A. Cheng
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | - Andres Alba‐Perez
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | | | - Hannah Donnelly
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | | | - Vineetha Jayawarna
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | - Peter Childs
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | - David W. Shields
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
| | - Laura Ruiz‐Cantu
- Centre for Additive ManufacturingUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Andrew Reid
- Centre for Ultrasonic EngineeringDepartment of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - James F. C. Windmill
- Centre for Ultrasonic EngineeringDepartment of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | | | - Sandra Corr
- Small Animal HospitalUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowUK
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11
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Abstract
A previous survey carried out in our unit revealed deficiencies in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) documentation. With the aim of correcting these deficiencies, the standard procedure for completing the audit cycle was followed and the survey was repeated. The results question the assumption that simply completing the audit cycle ‘automatically’ leads to an improvement in practice. Possible reasons why Improvement did not come about in this study are discussed.
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Abstract
The Edith Morgan Centre is a 60-bedded acute psychiatric in-patient unit on a DGH site, now open for three and a half years, following the closure of a nearby psychiatric hospital.
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Pemberton GD, Childs P, Reid S, Nikukar H, Tsimbouri PM, Gadegaard N, Curtis ASG, Dalby MJ. Nanoscale stimulation of osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells: nanotopography and nanokicking. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:547-60. [PMID: 25723089 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have large regenerative potential to replace damaged cells from several tissues along the mesodermal lineage. The potency of these cells promises to change the longer term prognosis for many degenerative conditions currently suffered by our aging population. We have endeavored to demonstrate our ability to induce osteoblatogenesis in MSCs using high-frequency (1000-5000 Hz) piezo-driven nanodisplacements (16-30 nm displacements) in a vertical direction. MATERIALS & METHODS Osteoblastogenesis has been determined by the upregulation of osteoblasic genes such as osteonectin (ONN), RUNX2 and Osterix, assessed via quantitative real-time PCR; the increase of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) at the protein level and the deposition of calcium phosphate determined by histological staining. RESULTS Intriguingly, we have observed a relationship between nanotopography and piezo-stimulated mechanotransduction and possibly see evidence of two differing osteogenic mechanisms at work. These data provide confidence in nanomechanotransduction for stem cell differentiation without dependence on soluble factors and complex chemistries. CONCLUSION In the future it is envisaged that this technology may have beneficial therapeutic applications in the healthcare industry, for conditions whose overall phenotype maybe characterized by weak or damaged bones (e.g., osteoporosis and bone fractures), and which can benefit from having an increased number of osteoblastic cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Pemberton
- Centre for cell Engineering, Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciencies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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14
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Bazalova M, Coolens C, Cury F, Childs P, Beaulieu L, Verhaegen F. Monte Carlo dose calculations for phantoms with hip prostheses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/102/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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O'Doherty UM, McNair HA, Norman AR, Miles E, Hooper S, Davies M, Lincoln N, Balyckyi J, Childs P, Dearnaley DP, Huddart RA. Variability of bladder filling in patients receiving radical radiotherapy to the prostate. Radiother Oncol 2006; 79:335-40. [PMID: 16781790 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients receiving radical radiotherapy to the prostate are requested to maintain a full bladder to displace the dome of the bladder and small bowel from the target volume. This study investigated patients' ability to consistently maintain a full bladder throughout planning and treatment before (Study 1) and after (Study 2) the introduction of a patient information sheet. PATIENTS AND METHODS Bladder volumes were measured on 41 patients at CT scanning, simulation and once weekly during treatment using a portable ultrasound device, BladderScan BVI 3000. Patients were asked their assessment of bladder fullness, time since last urination and the volume of fluid drank. A patient information sheet on bladder filling was then introduced and the study repeated on 25 patients (Study 2). The ultrasound bladder volumes measured at CT were compared to the CT scan data. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between the ultrasound and CT bladder volumes r = 0.88 (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease between the volume at CT (mean 362 ml, SD 229 ml) and treatment (mean 251 ml, SD 171 ml) in Study 1 (P = 0.002). In Study 2 the mean volume at CT was 286 ml (SD 164 ml) compared to a mean of 312 ml (SD 196 ml) during treatment. The measured volume correlated with patient self-assessment (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). The median volume drank by patients in Study 2 was 350 ml (range 50-825 ml) compared to 450 ml (range 75-1500 ml) in Study 1. CONCLUSIONS Our initial results showed patients were unable to maintain a constant bladder volume during planning and treatment. Implementation of written bladder filling instructions was shown to improve bladder volume consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una M O'Doherty
- Radiotherapy Department, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
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17
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Trapp JV, Partridge M, Hansen VN, Childs P, Bedford J, Warrington AP, Leach MO, Webb S. The use of gel dosimetry for verification of electron and photon treatment plans in carcinoma of the scalp. Phys Med Biol 2004; 49:1625-35. [PMID: 15152920 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/9/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a large amount of research into the potential use of radiation sensitive gels for three-dimensional verification of clinical radiotherapy doses. In this paper we report the use of a MAGIC gel dosimeter (Fong et al 2001 Phys. Med. Biol. 46 3105) for the verification of a specific patient's radiation therapy dose distribution. A 69-year-old male patient presented with a squamous cell carcinoma extending approximately 180 degrees across the top of the scalp (anterior to posterior) and from just over midline to 90 degrees left of the skull. The patient's treatment was commenced using two electron fields. For gel dosimetry, phantoms were produced in which the outer surface spatially corresponded to the outer contours of the patient's anatomy in the region of irradiation. The phantoms were treated with either electrons or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with photons. The results identified a hot spot between the matched electron fields and confirmed the more homogeneous dose distribution produced by the IMRT planning system. The IMRT plan was then clinically implemented. The application of a clinical dose to a phantom shaped to a specific patient as well as the ability to select a slice at will during phantom imaging means that gel dosimetry can no longer be considered to simply have potential alone, but is now in fact a useful dosimetric tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Trapp
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Type I thyroplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis restores voice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate measures of voice before thyroplasty, and at 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Of interest was whether vocal improvement in the first weeks after surgery was maintained or even enhanced over time. A total of 40 patients with unilateral paralysis underwent type I thyroplasty with or without arytenoid adduction. Perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice were studied. Perceptual analysis determined that optimal postoperative voice quality evolved over the first year. Acoustic indices of perturbation demonstrated progressive improvement over 12 months, whereas pitch and intensity ranges were increasingly extended. Postoperative glottal flow rates were normalized and phonation times were significantly longer, with benefits maintained over time. All perceptual, aerodynamic and acoustic measures of voice were improved 3 months after thyroplasty, with many measures further improved at 1 year. Such findings provide evidence that voice outcome progressively evolves over the first 12 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Billante
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
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19
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Billante CR, Burkard KA, Clary JM, Childs P, Netterville JL. Voice outcome following lateral laryngotomy to remove teflon granuloma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2001; 63:302-6. [PMID: 11528275 DOI: 10.1159/000055763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a Teflon granuloma may lead to progressive dysphonia and airway compromise. Excision of the granuloma by lateral laryngotomy allows preservation of the uninvolved lamina propria. A sternothyroid muscle flap or Silastic implant to medialize the vocal fold restores a straight glottal edge and optimizes voice production. Fifteen patients underwent removal of a Teflon granuloma via a lateral approach. Analysis of data revealed improved acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of voice following surgery. Indices of acoustic perturbation were reduced, and vocal pitch normalized. While the dynamic pitch range was unchanged, the capacity to vary loudness was enhanced. Flow rates in speech, abnormally elevated before surgery, normalized after the procedure, and phonation times were significantly longer. Perceptual and stroboscopic data confirmed that voices were improved, but not normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Billante
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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20
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Viviers L, Beford J, Guzel S, Childs P, Webb S, Tait D. Oesophageal radiotherapy: potential for dose escalation by conformal techniques. Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Tsai SC, Luu P, Childs P, Tsai CS. Ultrasound-modulated twin-fluid atomization of a liquid jet. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 1999; 46:139-146. [PMID: 18238407 DOI: 10.1109/58.741524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A resonant liquid capillary wave theory which extends Taylor's dispersion relation to include the sheltering effect of liquid surface inclination caused by air flow is presented. The resulting dispersion curves are compared to new experimental results of how drop-size and size distributions vary with surface tension and air velocity in both airblast and ultrasound-modulated twin-fluid atomization of liquids with a constant kinematic viscosity of 2 cSt. Good agreements between the theoretical predictions of relative growth rates of the capillary waves and the experimental results of drop-size and size distributions led to the conclusion that Taylor-mode breakup of capillary waves plays a very important role in twin-fluid (airblast) atomization of a liquid jet. Thus, the ultrasound-modulated twin-fluid atomization not only verifies the capillary wave mechanism but also provides a means for controlling the drop-size and size distributions in twin-fluid atomization, which has a variety of applications in fuel combustion, spray drying, and spray coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Tsai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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22
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Abstract
A quick, simple set of tests has been devised to assess and record the quality assurance aspects of the Varian multi-leaf collimator (MLC) when used for clinical treatments on a regular basis. Pre-treatment, daily and weekly checks are performed by the radiographers while more detailed quality assurance is carried out at monthly and quarterly intervals by physicists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Mubata
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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23
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Thompson C, Childs P, Rodin I, Martin N. The biology of seasonal affective disorder: Are there winter summer differences? Eur Psychiatry 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0924-9338(96)88444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
Minimal morbidity occurs with resection of most carotid body tumors (CBT). With larger tumors significant injury to the cranial nerves has been reported. In order to assess the operative sequelae rate, 30 patients with CBT were reviewed. Sixteen patients either presented with bilateral carotid body tumors or had previously undergone a resection of the contralateral carotid body tumors, for a total carotid body tumor count of 46. Sixteen patients demonstrated a familial pattern while 14 were nonfamilial. Within the familial group, 14 of 16 presented with multiple paragangliomas as compared to 6 of 14 in the nonfamilial group. Tumor size ranged from 0.8 to 12 cm. Vascular replacement occurred in 2 of 20 patients with tumors < 5.0 cm, compared with 5 of 9 with tumors > 5.0 cm. Four patients lost cranial nerves with the resection: superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), 4; cranial nerve X, 1; cranial nerve XII, 1. Ten patients developed baroreceptor failure secondary to bilateral loss of carotid sinus function. First-bite pain occurred in 10 of 25 operative patients. Cranial nerve loss can be minimal with resection of carotid body tumors, however, baroreceptor failure and first-bite pain are postoperative sequelae that are often disregarded in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Netterville
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn 37232, USA
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25
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Abstract
Seven healthy male volunteers had their light sensitivity (melatonin suppression) and melatonin phase measured before and after treatment with temazepam (20 mg) for 7 days. Temazepam did not alter the circadian phase of melatonin secretion (the Dim Light Melatonin Onset, the timing of the peak of secretion), the total melatonin secretion nor the sensitivity of melatonin secretion to suppression by full spectrum light. This is an important negative finding which suggests that the short half-life benzodiazepine hypnotic temazepam does not confound tests of light sensitivity or melatonin phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Allen
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, Hants SO9 4PE
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26
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Ghosh SK, Childs P. Secondary radiation shield for 81Kr mgas generators. Phys Med Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/35/1/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Childs P. Peptic ulcer, pyloroplasty, and dietary fat. A new concept. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1977; 59:143-7. [PMID: 843047 PMCID: PMC2491742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that peptic ulcer is a manifestation of a generalized metabolic disorder caused by excess dietary fat intake is supported by the results in a series of 134 patients with proven gastric or duodenal ulcer treated with a simple 'fat-free' diet, together with pyloroplasty in 82 cases and simple suture of a perforated ulcer in 16. Relief of symptoms and healing of the ulcer resulted in the great majority of cases so long as the diet was strictly adhered to, and there have been no side effects or morbidity.
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28
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Childs P. A new look at diarrhoea, diverticulitis and 'colitis' after 25 years of clinical study. Practitioner 1975; 215:757-62. [PMID: 1083516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features of fat-intolerant bowel disturbance, which have been established by study, over a period of 25 years, of bowel disturbance seen in dyspeptic and other patients, are described. Excess dietary fat intake is an etiological factor in the irritable colon syndrome, spastic colon, diverticulosis, and diverticulitis of the colon and in ulcerative and non-ulcerative colitis. All these conditions are manifestations of intolerance to excess dietary fat intake, and are controlled, and their symptoms are cured, by adherence to the fat-free diet: i.e. a diet from which is excluded any fat derived from cow's milk, from the pig, any 'store' or 'depot' fat, and any vegetable fat concentrate.
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29
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Childs P. Letter: Little and big bellachers. Br Med J 1975; 2:752. [PMID: 1139219 PMCID: PMC1673968 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5973.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Abstract
This paper postulates that fat intolerance is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by impairment of glucose tolerance caused by excess dietary fat intake, and cured in most cases by the fat-free diet as defined in this paper.
Fat intolerance may present as flatulent dyspepsia, surgical disease or disorder in the biliary tract, peptic ulcertion, diarrhoea associated with spasm or diverticular disease of the colon or colitis, or as maturity-onset diabetes mellitus; one, two, or more of these syndromes may occur at the same or different times in the same patient. The dietary fat intake and the effect of the fat-free diet in each of these syndromes have been investigated, and the findings and their implications are discussed.
Treatment of disease and disorder in the biliary tract by sphincterotomy of the sphincter of Oddi in a series of 57 cases and of duodenal ulcer by pyloroplasty alone in 50 cases is reported. The results of treatment of duodenal ulcer by pyloroplasty alone in a series of 38 cases are compared with those after vagotomy and pyloroplasty in a similar series of 38 cases. Cure of peptic ulceration by pyloroplasty alone is reported, and vagotomy is considered to be unnecessary. The normal pylorus is defined, and the naked-eye appearances of the pylorus observed during 87 cholecystectomies are reported. The significance of these observations and of radiological abnormalities seen in routine barium-meal examinations of cases of disease or disorder in the biliary tract is discussed. Evidence is presented that the function of and pathological changes in the sphincter of Oddi and the pylorus are affected by the dietary fat intake and determine the absence or presence of abnormality in the biliary tract or of peptic ulceration respectively.
The clinical syndromes of fat-intolerant diarrhoea and its association with spasm of the colon, colitis, and diverticulitis, and of abdominal pain due to fat intolerance seen in a series of 17 children, are described as clinical entities.
The effect of the fat-free diet on glucose tolerance has been investigated in a series of 65 patients, and the significance of the increased tolerance observed has been assessed statistically. Four hundred and thirty-three glucose-tolerance tests have been performed to assess the change in glucose tolerance in 134 patients who had been on the fat-free diet for periods of 3 months to 2 years as treatment for dyspepsia due to disease or disorder of the biliary tract, peptic ulceration, diarrhoea associated with spasm of the colon, diverticulitis or colitis, obesity, and migraine. Among these patients were 23 who also suffered from diabetes mellitus. Cure of maturityonset diabetes mellitus by the fat-free diet is reported, and evidence is produced to show that it is an acquired abnormality of the metabolism caused by excess dietary fat intake.
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31
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Childs P, Mitchell S. Wakeley--helper to the young surgeon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1972; 50:Suppl:26-7. [PMID: 4557154 PMCID: PMC2387988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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32
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Childs P. Surgery for duodenal ulcer. Br Med J 1970; 3:771. [PMID: 5472768 PMCID: PMC1701658 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5725.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Wakeley C, Childs P. Treatment of Basal-cell Carcinoma. West J Med 1949. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4613.1001-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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