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Lamprecht X, Zellner P, Yesilbas G, Hromadko L, Moser P, Marzak P, Hou S, Haid R, Steinberger F, Steeger T, Macak JM, Bandarenka AS. Fast-Charging Capability of Thin-Film Prussian Blue Analogue Electrodes for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:23951-23962. [PMID: 37145973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues are considered as promising candidates for aqueous sodium-ion batteries providing a decently high energy density for stationary energy storage. However, suppose the operation of such materials under high-power conditions could be facilitated. In that case, their application might involve fast-response power grid stabilization and enable short-distance urban mobility due to fast re-charging. In this work, sodium nickel hexacyanoferrate thin-film electrodes are synthesized via a facile electrochemical deposition approach to form a model system for a robust investigation. Their fast-charging capability is systematically elaborated with regard to the electroactive material thickness in comparison to a ″traditional″ composite-type electrode. It is found that quasi-equilibrium kinetics allow extremely fast (dis)charging within a few seconds for sub-micron film thicknesses. Specifically, for a thickness below ≈ 500 nm, 90% of the capacity can be retained at a rate of 60C (1 min for full (dis)charge). A transition toward mass transport control is observed when further increasing the rate, with thicker films being dominated by this mode earlier than thinner films. This can be entirely attributed to the limiting effects of solid-state diffusion of Na+ within the electrode material. By presenting a PBA model cell yielding 25 Wh kg-1 at up to 10 kW kg-1, this work highlights a possible pathway toward the guided design of hybrid battery-supercapacitor systems. Furthermore, open challenges associated with thin-film electrodes are discussed, such as the role of parasitic side reactions, as well as increasing the mass loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaver Lamprecht
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Zellner
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Göktug Yesilbas
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam.Cs.Legii 565, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Moser
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Marzak
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shujin Hou
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Richard Haid
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Florian Steinberger
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tim Steeger
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam.Cs.Legii 565, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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Ding P, An H, Zellner P, Guan T, Gao J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Weckhuysen BM, van der Stam W, Sharp ID. Elucidating the Roles of Nafion/Solvent Formulations in Copper-Catalyzed CO 2 Electrolysis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5336-5347. [PMID: 37123601 PMCID: PMC10127206 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Nafion ionomer, composed of hydrophobic perfluorocarbon backbones and hydrophilic sulfonic acid side chains, is the most widely used additive for preparing catalyst layers (CLs) for electrochemical CO2 reduction, but its impact on the performance of CO2 electrolysis remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the role of the catalyst ink formulation on CO2 electrolysis using commercial CuO nanoparticles as the model pre-catalyst. We find that the presence of Nafion is essential for achieving stable product distributions due to its ability to stabilize the catalyst morphology under reaction conditions. Moreover, the Nafion content and solvent composition (water/alcohol fraction) regulate the internal structure of Nafion coatings, as well as the catalyst morphology, thereby significantly impacting CO2 electrolysis performance, resulting in variations of C2+ product Faradaic efficiency (FE) by >3×, with C2+ FE ranging from 17 to 54% on carbon paper substrates. Using a combination of ellipsometry and in situ Raman spectroscopy during CO2 reduction, we find that such selectivity differences stem from changes to the local reaction microenvironment. In particular, the combination of high water/alcohol ratios and low Nafion fractions in the catalyst ink results in stable and favorable microenvironments, increasing the local CO2/H2O concentration ratio and promoting high CO surface coverage to facilitate C2+ production in long-term CO2 electrolysis. Therefore, this work provides insights into the critical role of Nafion binders and underlines the importance of optimizing Nafion/solvent formulations as a means of enhancing the performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ding
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hongyu An
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Zellner
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tianfu Guan
- Chair for Functional Materials, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jianyong Gao
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Chair for Functional Materials, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Klinger G, Glockmann E, Glockmann I, Zellner P, Siegel A, Vogt B. [Efficiency of long-term dental treatment]. Dtsch Stomatol (1990) 1990; 40:451-3. [PMID: 2133197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
250 patients in long-term treatment (about 12, 4 years) were examined concerning their oral symptoms (DMF/T, CPITN, GPM, Plaque-index, Sulcus-bleeding-index of Mühlemann and Son), number of teeth, number of extracted teeth and teeth with endodontic treatment during the treatment period. These patients were compared with 250 patients, who were not under regularly treatment. There are clear differences between both groups. It can be concluded that long-term treatment with exact fillung therapy, endodontic and periodontic treatment is able to maintain teeth until a high age of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Klinger
- Medizinischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
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