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Weldon S, Rivier PA, Joner EJ, Coutris C, Budai A. Co-composting of digestate and garden waste with biochar: effect on greenhouse gas production and fertilizer value of the matured compost. Environ Technol 2023; 44:4261-4271. [PMID: 35727051 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2089057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogas digestate is a nitrogen (N) rich waste product that has potential for application to soil as a fertilizer. Composting of digestate is recognized as an effective step to reduce potentially negative consequences of digestate application to soils. However, the structure of the digestate and the high N content can hinder effective composting. Biochar, which can be produced through the pyrolysis of waste biomass, has shown the potential to improve compost structure and increase N retention in soils. We studied how a high-temperature wood biochar affects the composting process, including greenhouse gas emissions, and the fertilizer value of the compost product including nutrient content, leachability and plant growth. The high Biochar dose (17% w/w) had a significantly positive effect on the maximum temperature (5°C increase vs. no biochar) and appeared to improve temperature stability during composting with less variability between replicates. Biochar addition reduced cumulative N2O emission by 65-70%, but had no significant effect on CO2 and CH4 emission. Biochar did not contribute to greater retention of nitrogen (N) contained in the digestate, but had a dilution effect on both N content and mineral nutrients. Fertilization with compost enhanced plant growth and nutrient retention in soil compared to mineral fertilization (NPK), but biochar had no additional effects on these parameters. Our results show that biochar improves the composting of digestate with no subsequent negative effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weldon
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Ås, Norway
| | - Pierre-Adrien Rivier
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Ås, Norway
| | - Erik J Joner
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Ås, Norway
| | - Claire Coutris
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Ås, Norway
| | - Alice Budai
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Ås, Norway
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Rékási M, Mazsu N, Draskovits E, Bernhardt B, Szabó A, Rivier PA, Farkas C, Borsányi B, Pirkó B, Molnár S, Kátay G, Uzinger N. Comparing the agrochemical properties of compost and vermicomposts produced from municipal sewage sludge digestate. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121861. [PMID: 31376666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate whether the agronomic traits of vermicompost prepared from partially stabilised sewage sludge digestate after thermophilic composting were more favourable than those of conventional compost. The effects of various additives (green waste, spent mushroom compost, wheat straw, biochar) were also tested after 1.5 months precomposting followed by 3 months vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida or by compost maturing. Vermicomposting did not result in significantly more intensive mineralisation than composting; the average organic carbon contents were 21.2 and 22.2% in vermicomposts and composts, respectively. Hence, the average total (N: 2.4%; P: 1.9%; K: 0.9%) and available (N: 160 mg/kg; P: 161 mg/kg; K: 0.8%) macronutrient concentrations were the same in both treatments. The processing method did not influence the organic matter quality (E4/E6) either. However, on average the concentration of the plant growth regulator kinetin was more than twice as high in vermicomposts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Mazsu
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Eszter Draskovits
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Botond Bernhardt
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Anita Szabó
- Inno-Water Inc., 1028 Budapest, Hidegkúti út 80/D, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Farkas
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Barbara Borsányi
- Érd Region Public Utility Association, 2030 Érd, Diósdi u. 14/A, Hungary
| | - Béla Pirkó
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Sándor Molnár
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - György Kátay
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
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Piscitelli L, Rivier PA, Mondelli D, Miano T, Joner EJ. Assessment of addition of biochar to filtering mixtures for potential water pollutant removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:2167-2174. [PMID: 29116532 PMCID: PMC5773637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Green roofs are used increasingly to alleviate peaks of water discharge into the sewage systems in urban areas. Surface runoff from roofs contain pollutants from dry and wet deposition, and green roofs offer a possibility to reduce the amounts of pollutants in the water discharged from roofs by degradation and filtering. These pollutants would otherwise enter wastewater treatments plants and ultimately end up in sewage sludge that is spread on agricultural soils. The most common substrates used in green roofs have limited capacity for filtration and sorption. Also, more sustainable alternatives are sought, due to the high carbon footprint of these materials. Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, and several types of biochar have been described as good sorbents and filter materials. Biochar is also a light and carbon negative material, which may fulfill other desired criteria for new green roof substrates. We here report on an experiment where two types of biochar, produced from olive husks at 450 °C or from forest waste at 850 ° C were mixed with volcanic rock or peat, and tested for retention capacity of phenanthrene and six heavy metals in a column experiment with unsaturated gravimetric water flow lasting for 3 weeks. The results suggest that biochar as a component in green roof substrates perform better than traditional materials, concerning retention of the tested pollutants, and that different types of biochar have different properties in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Piscitelli
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM), Via Ceglie, 9, Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høyskoleveien 7, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Pierre-Adrien Rivier
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høyskoleveien 7, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Donato Mondelli
- Department of Food, Plants and Soil Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Teodoro Miano
- Department of Food, Plants and Soil Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Erik J Joner
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høyskoleveien 7, 1431, Ås, Norway.
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Havranek I, Coutris C, Norli HR, Rivier PA, Joner EJ. Uptake and elimination kinetics of the biocide triclosan and the synthetic musks galaxolide and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta when exposed to sewage sludge. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2068-2073. [PMID: 28079271 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, knowledge on the fate and effects of organic pollutants present in the sludge on soil organisms is limited. In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk after amendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21-d period after transferring worms to clean soil. After 1-wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 ± 0.6 μg g-1 galaxolide, 0.04 ± 0.02 μg g-1 tonalide, and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg g-1 triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d of depuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over the depuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2068-2073. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Havranek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Claire Coutris
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Hans Ragnar Norli
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Pierre-Adrien Rivier
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Erik J Joner
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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