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Zhuang Z, Mu HY, Fu PN, Wan YN, Yu Y, Wang Q, Li HF. Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soil and scenario analysis of cadmium inputs by fertilization: A case study in Quzhou county. J Environ Manage 2020; 269:110797. [PMID: 32561006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer application has greatly increased crop yield, however impurities in mineral or organic fertilizers, such as heavy metals, are being added to agricultural soils, which would pose a high risk for soil and crop production. 115 soil samples were collected from Quzhou, a typical agricultural county in the North China Plain, to investigate the total content of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in soils. The contamination levels and source apportionment of studied elements were explored by the pollution indices, multivariate statistical approaches and geostatistical analysis. The ranges of Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr were between 0.08 and 0.35, 5.34-15.9, 7.34-38.9, 12.9-61.3, 7.80-27.0, 31.4-154, and 17.0-50.5 mg/kg and with the mean values 0.16, 9.20, 16.0, 24.7, 17.6, 61.1, and 29.5 mg/kg, respectively. The studied area was slightly polluted mainly by Cd, and higher pollution was found in soils under vegetable crops. The application of mineral phosphate fertilizer and livestock manure were the main source of Cd and Zn, and other elements (As, Pb, Ni and Cu) might originate from soil parent materials. Scenario analyses were performed using the R programming language, based on the cadmium contents in mineral phosphate fertilizers and livestock manures. The results showed that the long-term application of phosphate fertilizers would lead to some Cd enrichment in soil without risk of substantial pollution. Compared to pure mineral fertilizers, the long-term application of blended fertilizers (30% livestock manures and 70% phosphate fertilizers) or livestock manures would incur a higher Cd pollution risk within a short period, with a maximum probability of Cd risk of 55.21%. Mitigation measurements and scientific agronomic practices should be developed to minimize the risk of potential toxic elements in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Nan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Fu PN, Gong XF, Luo LY, Wang Q, Li HF. [Toxicity of Chromium to Root Growth of Barley as Affected by Chromium Speciation and Soil Properties]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:2398-2405. [PMID: 32608859 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201909261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tri-and hexavalent chromium have different chemical properties, and their levels of toxicity to plants are different. However, there is no limit set by the soil environmental quality risk control standard for Cr(Ⅲ) or Cr(Ⅵ). Therefore, studying the ecological toxicity of Cr has important implications for protecting the environment. Based on the dynamics of the Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) levels in soil solution collected from eight soils, the toxicity thresholds of the two Cr forms to barley roots were investigated through model calculation and correlation analysis under different soil properties. The results showed that both Cr forms and the soil properties had significant effects on the root length of barley. The effective concentrations of Cr(Ⅲ) added to the soils that led to 10% inhibition (EC10), 50% inhibition (EC50), and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC) were significantly higher than those of Cr(Ⅵ). The EC50 of Cr(Ⅲ) ranged from 298.8 to 2014.1 mg·kg-1 (6.7-fold variation); the EC50 of Cr(Ⅵ) ranged from 8.0 to 126.6 mg·kg-1 (15.8-fold variation). Under the same soil conditions, the EC50 of Cr(Ⅲ) was 2.8 to 101.7 times higher than that of Cr(Ⅵ), suggesting the higher phytotoxicity of Cr(Ⅵ) than Cr(Ⅲ). Correlation analysis showed that the pH and soil organic matter were the main factors that influenced the Cr toxicity thresholds, as indicated by the root length of barley. The concentration of chromium in the soil solution was below the detection limit of the TAS-990 when Cr(Ⅲ) was applied at 1280 mg·kg-1 (or less) to soils, whereas for Cr(Ⅵ), the level was 40 mg·kg-1 (or less). Cr(Ⅲ) adsorption to the soil was significantly stronger than that of Cr(Ⅵ). The toxicity of Cr(Ⅵ) was significantly higher than that of Cr(Ⅲ), which was also influenced by soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Nan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yu Y, Luo LY, Liu Z, Fu PN, Li HF. [Accumulation and Translocation of Cd in Brassica rapa Under the Influence of Selenium]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:962-969. [PMID: 32608758 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201909054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. Brassica rapa (pak choi) is a vastly common vegetable, which readily accumulates Cd. Given the current conditions of Cd contamination in domestic soil, it is important to reduce Cd accumulation in the edible part of pak choi. Research has shown that selenium (Se) can regulate Cd uptake by plants. Cd accumulation (three cultivars) and Cd uptake kinetics in pak choi were investigated under hydroponic conditions. Results showed that the three levels of selenite significantly reduced Cd content in the Hangzhouyoudonger shoot by 50%, while the levels in Suzhouqinggen and Shanghaiqing shoots were not significantly decreased with elevated levels of selenite. Selenite reduces the Cd translocation factors, and higher levels had more obvious effects; 50 μmol·L-1 of selenite significantly decreased the factors by 50% in Hangzhouyoudonger and Suzhouqinggen shoots. Selenite also increased iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) contents in pak choi, especially in the Hangzhouyoudonger shoot, where 50 μmol·L-1 increased the Fe content by approximately 50%. In the uptake kinetics of Cd, both selenite and selenate significantly increased Cd uptake rates and Vmax by over 100%. Therefore, Se could reduce Cd accumulation in pak choi. This also depended on the tested cultivar. Therefore, reduction effects of Se on the Cd content mainly stemmed from the alteration of Cd translocation in pak choi instead of the uptake competition between Cd and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping-Nan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yu Y, Liu Z, Luo LY, Fu PN, Wang Q, Li HF. Selenium Uptake and Biotransformation in Brassica rapa Supplied with Selenite and Selenate: A Hydroponic Work with HPLC Speciation and RNA-Sequencing. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12408-12418. [PMID: 31644287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are an ideal source of human Se intake; it is important to understand selenium (Se) speciation in plants due to the distinct biological functions of selenocompounds. In this hydroponic study, the accumulation and assimilation of selenite and selenate in pak choi (Brassica rapa), a vastly consumed vegetable, were investigated at 1-168 h with HPLC speciation and RNA-sequencing. The results showed that the Se content in shoots and Se translocation factors with selenate addition were at least 10.81 and 11.62 times, respectively, higher than those with selenite addition. Selenite and selenate up-regulated the expression of SULT1;1 and PHT1;2 in roots by over 240% and 400%, respectively. Selenite addition always led to higher proportions of seleno-amino acids, while SeO42- was dominant under selenate addition (>49% of all Se species in shoots). However, in roots, SeO42- proportions declined substantially by 51% with a significant increase of selenomethionine proportions (63%) from 1 to 168 h. Moreover, with enhanced transcript of methionine gamma-lyase (60% of up-regulation compared to the control) plus high levels of methylselenium in shoots (approximately 70% of all Se species), almost 40% of Se was lost during the exposure under the selenite treatment. This work provides evidence that pak choi can rapidly transform selenite to methylselenium, and it is promising to use the plant for Se biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Nan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
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