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Bhalla P, Chauhan K, Chitme HR, Varshney VK. Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Cupressus torulosa Needles Essential Oil from India. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301259. [PMID: 38157454 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cupressus torulosa is an evergreen tree with a wide distribution in north-western Himalayan region of India. Its needles have long been used in traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. This study aimed to scientifically validate the traditional claim of the needles to treat inflammation by evaluating the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from the needles (CTEO) using hydro-distillation. Qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the CTEO was determined with the aid of GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. The major constituents of the CTEO were terpinen-4-ol (393.8±12.5 μg/mg), totarol (55.0±17.2 μg/mg), and sabinene (43.7±2.8 μg/mg). CTEO exhibited significant antioxidant activity when evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Furthermore, the CTEO demonstrated good anti-inflammatory behavior in in vitro egg albumin denaturation assay, with an IC50 of 27.32 μg/mL. In vivo tests using carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema in rats showed significant effects at doses of 30 mg/kg for up to 1 hour. The significant discoveries not only support the established assertions about the anti-inflammatory properties of C. torulosa needles but also highlight their potential as a useful resource in the growing herbal, complementary, and alternative medicine sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bhalla
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Kiran Chauhan
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | | | - V K Varshney
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
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Chauhan K, Bhalla P, Chitme HR, Varshney VK. Exploring the therapeutic potential of Prinsepia utilis Royle seed oil: A comprehensive study on chemical composition, physicochemical properties, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117312. [PMID: 37844743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prinsepiautilis (PU) Royle, native to the Himalayan region, is a deciduous thorny shrub with numerous traditional uses of its roots, leaves and seeds for treatment of conditions such as rheumatic pain, joint pain, arthritis, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY Keeping in mind the growing demand of products of natural origin as alternate medicine, the present study was undertaken to scientifically validate for the first time the traditional claims of healing pain and inflammation by evaluating the fatty oil isolated from the seeds using established in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS PU Seeds were Soxhlet extracted using n-hexane and fatty oil was isolated. Chemical composition of the oil was established with the aid of Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil was then subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by following the established protocols of trypsin inhibitory and bovine serum albumin denaturation assays. The acute toxicity of the oil was also studied using OECD guidelines 423. The anti-inflammatory property of the oil was further evaluated using carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced edema in the rat paw. Moreover, hot plate latency and tail immersion assay were employed to evaluate analgesic activity of the oil. To establish the quality of the oil, various physicochemical properties were also studied. RESULTS GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of linoleic acid (59.06 ± 0.00%), oleic acid (28.11 ± 0.01%), palmitic acid (9.51 ± 0.01%) and stearic acid (3.32 ± 0.01%). In vitro trypsin inhibitory and bovine serum albumin denaturation assay revealed dose-dependent notable activity of the oil with IC50 value of 63.57 μg/mL and 518.14 μg/mL, respectively. The physico-chemical characterization demonstrated that the oil possesses a low acidity and a high oxidative stability index. The oil was found to be non-toxic and displayed effective anti-inflammatory activities with significant inhibition till 4 h in carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced rat paw edema at maximum tested dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. The oil also exhibited significant results in hot plate latency and tail immersion assay with positive effects showing up to 4 h after dose administration. CONCLUSION These findings, besides supporting the traditional claims, suggest that P. utilis seed oil has potential therapeutic applications as a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Further studies are warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chauhan
- Chemistry and Bio-prospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
| | - Piyush Bhalla
- Chemistry and Bio-prospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
| | - H R Chitme
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India.
| | - V K Varshney
- Chemistry and Bio-prospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
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Chudakova DA, Trubetskoy D, Baida G, Bhalla P, Readhead B, Budunova I. REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) modulates the glucocorticoid receptor function in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1725-1733. [PMID: 37483165 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases despite significant adverse effects including skin atrophy. Effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcription factor. Previously, we discovered that one of the GR target genes, REDD1, is causatively involved in skin atrophy. Here, we investigated its role in GR function using HaCaT REDD1 knockout (KO) keratinocytes. We found large differences in transcriptome of REDD1 KO and control Cas9 cells in response to glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA): both the scope and amplitude of response were significantly decreased in REDD1 KO. The status of REDD1 did not affect GR stability/degradation during self-desensitization, and major steps in GR activation-its nuclear import and phosphorylation at activating Ser211. However, the amount of GR phosphorylated at Ser226 that may play negative role in GR signalling, was increased in the nuclei of REDD1 KO cells. GR nuclear import and transcriptional activity also depend on the composition of GR chaperone complex: exchange of chaperone FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein 5) for FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein 4) being a necessary step in GR activation. We found the increased expression and abnormal nuclear translocation of FKBP51 in both untreated and FA-treated REDD1 KO cells. Overall, our results suggest the existence of a feed-forward loop in GR signalling mediated by its target gene REDD1, which has translational potential for the development of safer GR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Chudakova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Federal Centre for Brain and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Trubetskoy
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- SBDRC, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Centre, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - I Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Centre, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Chudakova D, Bhalla P, Baida G, Budunova I. 592 REDD1/DDIT4 regulates the glucocorticoid receptor function in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bhalla P, Tripathi Y, Varshney VK. Phytochemistry and biological activity of Skimmia laureola leaf essential oil - a review. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1895337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bhalla
- Chemistry & Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Y.C. Tripathi
- Chemistry & Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - V. K. Varshney
- Chemistry & Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Baida G, Panya A, Yemelyanov A, Bhalla P, Brown M, Yenchitsomanus P, Budunova I. 440 Topical application of anti-cancer drug Bortezomib stimulates proliferation of follicular cells and induces expression of hair keratins via GATA-3 transcription factor. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bharara T, Bhalla P, Rawat D, Garg VK, Sardana K, Chakravarti A. Rising trend of antimicrobial resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and the emergence of N. gonorrhoeae isolate with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:39-42. [PMID: 25560000 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gonorrhoea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in developing countries and is a global health problem. AIMS To analyze the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates over the years, in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study population comprised males with urethritis and females with endocervicitis attending STI clinic of our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our STI laboratory, all gonococcal isolates are subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. β-Lactamase production is determined by chromogenic cephalosporin test. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for ceftriaxone is determined by E-test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were expressed as percentages. The differences in percentages were tested for statistical significance by using χ2 test and P values were determined. RESULTS The percentage of penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) increased from 8% in 1995-96 to 20% in 2004-05 and 88% in 2011-2013. Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) showed a significant increase from 12% in 1995-96 to 98.3% in 2004-05, while 84% isolates were found to be QRNG by 2011-2013. In January 2013 we detected our first gonococcal isolate with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins; Ceftriaxone, Cefixime and Cefpodoxime (MIC for ceftriaxone = 0.19 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study highlighted an alarming increase in the percentage of PPNG and QRNG strains over the years. Emergence of N. gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins is a cause of concern and thus emphasises the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Bhattar S, Bhalla P, Rawat D, Tripathi R, Kaur R, Sardana K. Asymptomatic reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive women. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:410-2. [PMID: 26068345 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.158568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the importance of screening all HIV positive women for various reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections (RTIs/STIs) irrespective of symptoms and to determine its occurrence in asymptomatic HIV positive women. Relevant specimens were collected for diagnosis of various RTIs/STIs. STIs were diagnosed in nearly one-third of the HIV positive asymptomatic patients which is quite high. The national strategy for STIs/RTIs control misses out large number of asymptomatic RTIs/STIs in HIV positive women which is responsible for silently transmitting these infections in the community. So this strategy should be modified to include screening of all HIV positives women irrespective of symptoms of STIs/RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Forrest G, Bhalla P, DeBess E, Winthrop K, Lockhart S, Mohammadi J, Cieslak P. Cryptococcus gattiiinfection in solid organ transplant recipients: description of Oregon outbreak cases. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:467-76. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.N. Forrest
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland Oregon USA
| | - P. Bhalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Oregon Health and Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Oregon Health Authority; Public Health Division; Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention; Portland Oregon USA
| | - E.E. DeBess
- Oregon Health Authority; Public Health Division; Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention; Portland Oregon USA
| | - K.L. Winthrop
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Oregon Health and Science University; Portland Oregon USA
| | - S.R. Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - J. Mohammadi
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland Oregon USA
| | - P.R. Cieslak
- Oregon Health Authority; Public Health Division; Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention; Portland Oregon USA
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Mehndiratta P, Bhalla P. Use of antibiotics in animal agriculture & emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones: need to assess the impact on public health. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140:339-44. [PMID: 25366200 PMCID: PMC4248379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of antibiotics in human, veterinary medicine and agricultural settings has played a significant role in the emergence of resistant MRSA clones due to selection pressure. MRSA has now become established in human population as well as in various animal species. An animal associated clone, MRSA ST 398 has been reported from animal foods and also from human infections in the community as well as from the health care associated infections. Clonal relationship between strains of animal and human origins are indicators of interspecies transmission of clones. Spread of these organisms may pose a great impact on public health if animal associated strains enter into the community and health care settings. Surveillance is important to correlate the genetic changes associated with their epidemiological shift and expansion to predict its impact on public health. Strict regulations on the use of antibiotics in humans as well as in animal food production are required to control the emergence of drug resistant clones. t0 his article reviews the information available on the role of antibiotics in emergence of MRSA strains, their epidemiological shift between humans and animals and its impact on the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.L. Mehndiratta
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr P. L. Mehndiratta, Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110 002, India e-mail:
| | - P. Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Khaki P, Sharma A, Bhalla P. Comparison of two disc diffusion methods with minimum inhibitory concentration for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:453-6. [PMID: 24971225 PMCID: PMC4071750 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.133477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A few studies are available comparing either minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disc diffusion method or MIC with the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Program (AGSP) method. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to identify the most feasible and cost-effective method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae was performed using, in parallel, the E-test for MIC determination and disc diffusion by CLSI and AGSP techniques, and were compared. Susceptibility to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone and spectinomycin and cefixime were determined by CSLI and AGSP method and Kappa statistics used to analyse the data with SPSS software. Results: All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin by three methods. Ninety-nine (99%) strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 1% showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin by all methods. Statistically, there was a moderate level of agreement between the methods for penicillin. Conclusion: All three methods gave reproducible results. Although the media used in the disc diffusion by the AGSP method is easy and cheap to prepare, the CLSI method of disc diffusion testing is recommended for susceptibility testing of gonococcal isolates because of its feasibility and 100% accuracy, with MIC by E-test as the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khaki
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - P Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Bhalla P, Patwardhan V. P5.080 Comparison of an In-House Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Assay For Detection and Typing of Herpes Simplex Virus in Clinically Suspected Genital Herpes. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bharara T, Bhalla P, Garg V, Chakravarti A, Sardana K, Rawat D, Patwardhan V. P5.101 Rising Trend of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates in a Central Delhi Tertiary Care Hospital. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bharara T, Rawat D, Bhalla P, Garg VK, Sardana K, Patwardhan V. P3.026 Low Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection: Fact or Missed Diagnosis? Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Patwardhan V, Bhalla P, Garg VK, Chakravarti A, Sardana K, Rawat D, Sethi S, Bharara T. P5.068 Role of Type Specific Herpes Simplex Virus Serology in Diagnosis of Primary and Recurrent Genital Herpes- a Study in the Indian Population. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Increasing prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) worldwide is a growing public health concern. MRSA typing is an essential component of an effective surveillance system to describe epidemiological trends and infection control strategies. Current challenges for MRSA typing are focused on selecting the most appropriate technique in terms of efficiency, reliability, ease of performance and cost involved. This review summarises the available information on application, potential and problems of various typing techniques in discriminating the strains and understanding the epidemiology of MRSA strains. The phenotypic methods in general are easier to perform, easier to interpret, cost effective and are widely available, however less discriminatory. The genotypic methods are expensive and technically demanding, however more discriminatory. Newer technologies involving sequencing of various genes are coming up as broadly applicable and high throughput typing systems. Still there is no consensus regarding the single best method for typing of MRSA strains. Phage typing is recommended as first line approach in epidemiological investigation of MRSA strains. PFGE remains the gold standard for characterisation of outbreak strains. DNA sequencing methods including MLST, spa typing, SCCmec typing and toxin gene profile typing are more practical methods for detecting evolutionary changes and transmission events. The choice of typing technique further depends on the purpose of the study, the facilities available and the utility of data generated to answer a desirable research question. A need for harmonisation of typing techniques by following standard protocols is emphasised to establish surveillance networks and facilitate global MRSA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Mehndiratta
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi - 110 002, India.
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Kaur R, Goyal R, Singh M, Bhalla P, Kumar R. A study of Candida biofilms in intensive care patients. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504840 DOI: 10.1186/cc11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sankhwar S, Gupta M, Alam M, Khan E, Bhalla P. Restoration of antioxidant flux and tissue pathology in jejunum of lethally irradiated mice pretreated with alcoholic fraction of <i>Podophyllum hexandrum</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5455/jeim.021211.or.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sharma A, Bhalla P, Gur R. Study on prevalence of needle stick injury among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi: A two-year review. Indian J Public Health 2012; 56:101-3. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-557x.96987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The presence of STD facilitates shedding of HIV and increases HIV-1 disease progression, possibly by increasing plasma viremia. Our aim was to study the presence of various associated Sexually transmitted disease/Reproductory tract infections in HIV-seropositive women in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 40 HIV-seropositive women attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Lok Nayak Hospital. An informed consent was taken from all subjects. All cases were subjected to detailed gynecological examination and two types of swabs, i.e., a vaginal swab and a cervical swab were taken for STD/RTIs evaluation. The vaginal swabs were used for preparation of wet mount and KOH mount for diagnosis of trichomoniasis and candidiasis; to make a vaginal smear for Gram staining to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV) as per Nugent's criteria; for culture of aerobic bacteria and Candida spp. The cervical swab was used for isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture and for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by Chlamydia microplate enzyme immunoassay kit (BIORAD). All data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS All 40 cases were evaluated for the presence of STD/RTIs associated with HIV infection. The women belonged to the reproductive age group (15-45 years) and majority (40%) of them were para 2. Most of the women (14, 35%) were in World Health Organization (WHO) stage I and maximum number (28, 70%) had their CD4 cell count more than 200 cells/ml. There was no significant correlation between WHO stage of HIV-seropositive women and their CD4 cell count (P=0.092). Out of 40 cases, 15 (37.5%) were on ART with maximum cases (53.3%) in WHO stage III. The duration of ART was more than 6 months in 9 (60%) cases. The most common presenting complaint was vaginal discharge in women with WHO stage II and III and 27.5% women showed vaginitis on per speculum examination. Laboratory tests showed high prevalence of BV (30%), mixed infection (30%), and candidiasis (10%) among HIV-seropositive women (P<0.001 in both). Women with BV were mostly in WHO stage I (38.4%) and stage II (36.3%), while those with mixed infection were mainly in WHO stage III (36.3%) and stage IV (40%).Women with candidiasis were mainly in WHO stage III. C. trachomatis antigen was found only in one subject (prevalence 2.5%). Both WHO stage and CD4 cell count had no significant correlation with presence of BV (P=0.056 and 0.063, respectively) and candidiasis (P=0.492 and 0.530, respectively). Maximum number of patients on ART had mixed infection (53.3%), while most of the patients (36%) not on ART had BV. There was no significant association between duration of ART and the presence of vaginal infections. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of gynecological symptoms and RTIs in HIV-seropositive women is high enough to warrant routine gynecologic evaluation and RTI screening in these patients. However, larger studies and trials are needed to evaluate the effects of ART on these abnormalities as well as to choose the best screening tool in HIV-seropositive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Goel
- Department of Gynaecology, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Agarwal S, Manchanda V, Verma N, Bhalla P. Yeast identification in routine clinical microbiology laboratory and its clinical relevance. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:172-7. [PMID: 21654115 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.81794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of yeast infections is helpful in prompt appropriate antifungal therapy. In the present study, the usefulness of chromogenic medium, slide culture technique and Vitek2 Compact (V2C) has been analysed. A total of 173 clinical isolates of yeast species were included in the study. An algorithm to identify such isolates in routine clinical microbiology laboratory was prepared and followed. Chromogenic medium was able to identify Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Trichosporon asahii. Chromogenic medium was also helpful in identifying "multi-species" yeast infections. The medium was unable to provide presumptive identification of C. pelliculosa, C. utilis, C. rugosa, C. glabrata and C. hemulonii. Vitek 2 compact (V2C) differentiated all pseudohypae non-producing yeast species. The algorithm followed was helpful in timely presumptive identification and final diagnosis of yeast infections, including multi-species yeast infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agarwal
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi 110 031, India.
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Manchanda V, Rai S, Gupta S, Rautela RS, Chopra R, Rawat DS, Verma N, Singh NP, Kaur IR, Bhalla P. Development of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the newly emerging form of carbapenem resistance gene in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:249-53. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.83907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gautam H, Bhalla P, Vidyanidhi G, Saini S, Jha H, Baveja CP. Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with AIDS at a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011; 42:659-663. [PMID: 21706944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was done to determine the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in AIDS patients. Fifty antiretroviral drug naïve new AIDS patients with clinical evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and no previous history of tuberculosis were recruited. Baseline CD4 counts and plasma viral loads (PVL) were measured by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Sputum samples were obtained from each patient and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and using the BACTEC 460 system (B460). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested in all isolates using the B460 gystem. The occurrence of MTB was found to be more common with a PVL>4 log10 copies/ml (odds ratio: 4.6). Of 15 MTB isolates, 8 (53.3%) had single drug resistance, 4 (26.7%) had multidrug resistance (MDR) and 1 (6.7%) had resistance to three drugs (non-MDR). Two isolates (13.3%) were sensitive to all the four drugs. Resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was found to be higher among AIDS patients with MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Objectives: The presence of STD facilitates shedding of HIV and increases HIV-1 disease progression, possibly by increasing plasma viremia. Our aim was to study the presence of various associated Sexually transmitted disease/Reproductory tract infections in HIV-seropositive women in India. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 HIV-seropositive women attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Lok Nayak Hospital. An informed consent was taken from all subjects. All cases were subjected to detailed gynecological examination and two types of swabs, i.e., a vaginal swab and a cervical swab were taken for STD/RTIs evaluation. The vaginal swabs were used for preparation of wet mount and KOH mount for diagnosis of trichomoniasis and candidiasis; to make a vaginal smear for Gram staining to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV) as per Nugent's criteria; for culture of aerobic bacteria and Candida spp. The cervical swab was used for isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture and for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by Chlamydia microplate enzyme immunoassay kit (BIORAD). All data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: All 40 cases were evaluated for the presence of STD/RTIs associated with HIV infection. The women belonged to the reproductive age group (15-45 years) and majority (40%) of them were para 2. Most of the women (14, 35%) were in World Health Organization (WHO) stage I and maximum number (28, 70%) had their CD4 cell count more than 200 cells/ml. There was no significant correlation between WHO stage of HIV-seropositive women and their CD4 cell count (P=0.092). Out of 40 cases, 15 (37.5%) were on ART with maximum cases (53.3%) in WHO stage III. The duration of ART was more than 6 months in 9 (60%) cases. The most common presenting complaint was vaginal discharge in women with WHO stage II and III and 27.5% women showed vaginitis on per speculum examination. Laboratory tests showed high prevalence of BV (30%), mixed infection (30%), and candidiasis (10%) among HIV-seropositive women (P<0.001 in both). Women with BV were mostly in WHO stage I (38.4%) and stage II (36.3%), while those with mixed infection were mainly in WHO stage III (36.3%) and stage IV (40%).Women with candidiasis were mainly in WHO stage III. C. trachomatis antigen was found only in one subject (prevalence 2.5%). Both WHO stage and CD4 cell count had no significant correlation with presence of BV (P=0.056 and 0.063, respectively) and candidiasis (P=0.492 and 0.530, respectively). Maximum number of patients on ART had mixed infection (53.3%), while most of the patients (36%) not on ART had BV. There was no significant association between duration of ART and the presence of vaginal infections. Conclusions: The prevalence of gynecological symptoms and RTIs in HIV-seropositive women is high enough to warrant routine gynecologic evaluation and RTI screening in these patients. However, larger studies and trials are needed to evaluate the effects of ART on these abnormalities as well as to choose the best screening tool in HIV-seropositive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Goel
- Department of Gynaecology, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P. Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abha Sharma, AC - 61, Second Floor, Tagore Garden, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - Y. M. Mala
- Department of Gynaecology, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is known to be a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. We studied 75 children who had been hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs for the detection of M. pneumoniae by serological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 277-base pair region of 16S rDNA gene of M. pneumoniae applied to throat swab specimens. Serological and/or PCR positive results diagnosed M. pneumoniae infection in 23 (30.7%) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Maheshwari
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi-110002, India
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Kakar S, Bhalla P, Maria A, Rana M, Chawla R, Mathur NB. Chlamydia trachomatis causing neonatal conjunctivitis in a tertiary care center. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010; 28:45-7. [PMID: 20061763 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.58728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is considered a major aetiological agent of conjunctivitis in newborns. The objective of the present study was to determine the aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis and clinico-epidemiological correlates of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Fifty-eight newborns with signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis were studied. Conjunctival specimens were subjected to Gram staining, routine bacteriological culture, culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining for diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection. C. trachomatis was detected in 18 (31%) neonates. Findings suggest that since C. trachomatis is the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis, routine screening and treatment of genital C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women and early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal Chlamydial conjunctivitis may be considered for its prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakar
- Department of Microbiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Hospital, New Delhi -110 064, India
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Saini S, Bhalla P, Baveja U, Pasha S, Dewan R. Antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations and genomic diversity in reverse transcriptase and protease gene among drug-naïve patients. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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Mehndiratta PL, Gur R, Saini S, Bhalla P. Staphylococcus aureus phage types and their correlation to antibiotic resistance. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2010; 53:738-41. [DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.72065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tripathi R, Tyagi S, Mala Y, Ramji S, Bhalla P. O955 Evaluation of clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory predictors of preterm labour in a developing country: results of interim analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Kashyap B, Bhalla P, Sharma A, Saini S. Profile of direct walk-in and referred clients attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:708-11. [PMID: 19815917 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The HIV pandemic has had a profound impact on the health and economic conditions of individuals, and people living with HIV/AIDS are faced with the task of maintaining optimal health status despite an increasing insult to their immune status. The aim of the present study was to study the profile of direct walk-in and referred patients attending the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) of a tertiary care hospital, which may provide important clues to understanding the epidemiology of the disease in a particular region. The study included all the attendees of the ICTC referred from the hospital or direct walk-in from January 2007 to December 2007. Three rapid HIV tests were used and the samples showing positive results in all the three tests were declared HIV positive. The results were analysed to correlate between HIV positivity, age, sex, route of transmission and direct walk-in/referred patients. A low proportion of ICTC attendees (27%) in our study were direct walk-ins. As regards HIV positivity, 312 (8.3%) out of 2440 males and 164 (4.3%) out of 1315 females were HIV positive. Among the referred HIV-positive patients 162 were males and 62 females, whereas among the direct walk-in HIV-positive patients, 150 were males and 102 females. Integrated counselling and testing is now seen as a key entry point for HIV prevention. In addition to scaling up ICTC services, it is also important to raise awareness by aggressive health education programmes and integration of ICTC into various community organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
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33
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Goel V, Mala Y, Tripathi R, Bhalla P. O347 Screening HIV seropositive women for reproductive tract infections. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Bhalla P, Garg M, Dhawan D. PO33-FR-11 Protective role of lithium during aluminium-induced alterations in rat brain. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)71282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Histopathological examination of tissue biopsies for the identification of infectious organisms is a very important diagnostic tool. Conventional culture confirmation of tissue biopsies often fail to identify any pathogen as, first of all, invariably most of the tissue samples that are collected and sent for culture isolation are inappropriately collected in formalin, which prevents pathogen growth in culture media. Inadequate processing like grinding, etc. further hinders isolation. Presence of inhibitors like dead tissue debris, fibers, etc. also delays isolation. Microbiologists often lack expertise in identifying infectious pathogens directly from tissue biopsies by microscopic visualization. This review therefore acquaints microbiologists with the various methods available for detecting infectious agents by using histological stains. On histopathological examination of the tissue biopsy once, it is determined that a disease is likely to be due to an infection and has characterized the inflammatory response and hence associated microorganisms should be thoroughly looked for. Although some microorganisms or their cytopathic effects may be clearly visible on routine haematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections, additional histochemical stains are often needed for their complete characterization. Highly specific molecular techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and nucleic acid amplification, may be needed in certain instances to establish the diagnosis of infection. Through appropriate morphologic diagnoses and interlaboratory communication and collaboration, direct microscopic visualization of tissue samples can thus be very helpful in reaching a correct and rapid diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
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Mehndiratta PL, Bhalla P, Ahmed A, Sharma YD. MOLECULAR TYPING OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS BY PCR-RFLP OF SPA GENE: A REFERENCE LABORATORY PERSPECTIVE. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:116-22. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.45363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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37
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Sharma A, Bhalla P, Kashyap B, Saini S. Sociodemographic profile of the attendees of voluntary counseling and testing center of a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2009; 30:123-4. [DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.62775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Bhalla P, Kashyap B, Saini S. Sociodemographic profile of the attendees of voluntary counseling and testing center of a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2009. [PMID: 21938138 PMCID: PMC3168059 DOI: 10.4103/2589-0557.62775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abha Sharma, AC - 61, 2nd Floor, Tagore Garden, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - P. Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Bineeta Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Gautam H, Bhalla P, Saini S, Dewan R. Correlation between baseline CD4 + T-Lymphocyte count and plasma viral load in AIDS patients and their early clinical and immunological response to HAART: a preliminary study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:256-8. [PMID: 18695327 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.42039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, immunological and virological status of newly diagnosed AIDS cases and to monitor their clinical and immunological response to HAART after a minimum period of three months. Forty three drug naive AIDS patients were enrolled. The most common presenting complaints were weight loss (74.4%), cough (72.1%) and diarrhoea (67.4%). Mean baseline CD4 cell count was 112 +/- 60 cells/microL and mean baseline plasma viral load of 31 patients studied was 192,686 copies/mL. Baseline plasma viral load was higher among patients with lower baseline CD4 cell count. During follow-up, 80.8% patients showed clinical improvement, while a CD4 cell count increased by > or =50 cells/microL in 84.6% cases. Mean CD4 cell count increased from 126 +/- 16.6 cells/microL at baseline to 278 +/- 196.7 cells/microL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi - 110 002, India.
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40
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Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or nondermatophyte molds and represents about 30% of mycotic cutaneous infections. Increasingly onychomycosis is being viewed as more than a mere cosmetic problem. In spite of improved personal hygiene and living environment, onychomycosis continues to spread and persist. The prevalence rate of onychomycosis is determined by age, predisposing factor, social class, occupation, climate, living environment and frequency of travel. Onychomycosis in immunocompromised patients can pose a more serious health problem. Dermatophytes are the most frequently implicated causative agents in onychomycosis. Previously regarded as contaminants, yeasts are now increasingly recognised as pathogens in fingernail infections, as are some moulds. Clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis is based on the patients' history; a physical examination, microscopy and culture of nail specimens. The treatment of onychomycosis has been attempted throughout the ages, but only in the last two decades have safe, effective systemic treatments been available for this chronic superficial fungal disease. Oral Griseofulvin and Ketoconazole; once the agents of choice for the treatment of onychomycosis, have been superseded by newer systemic compounds that have a higher cure and lower relapse rates, cause fewer side effects and are suitable for short-term dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110 002, India
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41
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Gautam H, Bhalla P, Saini S, Dewan R. CORRELATION BETWEEN BASELINE CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND PLASMA VIRAL LOAD IN AIDS PATIENTS AND THEIR EARLY CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO HAART: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Khaki P, Bhalla P, Sharma P, Chawla R, Bhalla K. Epidemilogical analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, auxotyping and serotyping. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 25:225-9. [PMID: 17901639 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.34763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to analyze the epidemiology of gonorrhea based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, auxotyping and serotyping in New Delhi, India. METHODS Sixty gonococcal isolates from males with urethritis, females with endocervicitis and their sexual contacts were studied. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, auxotyping and serotyping for epidemiological characterization. RESULTS We observed nine antibiotic resistance patterns. Ninety-eight percent of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 20% isolates were penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and 18.3% isolates were tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG). Eight auxotypes were observed, of which the NR (non-requiring), proline requiring and arginine requiring were most common auxotypes. On the basis of serotyping alone, the gonococcal isolates could be differentiated into three serogroups and 18 serovars. Serogroup WI represented 46.7% and WII/III represented 51.7% of isolates and one strain was WI and WII/WIII serogroup combination. When results of auxotyping and serotyping were combined (A/S) 29 A/S classes could be identified. The most prevalent A/S classes were NR/Aost, NR/Arost, Pro/Aost and Pro/Boprt. CONCLUSIONS Although A/S typing had the highest discriminatory index, isolates recovered from index case and their sexual contacts were found to be identical by all typing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khaki
- Department of Microbiology, Mualana Azad Medical College, New Delhi - 110 002, India
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Chawla R, Bhalla P, Bhalla K, Singh MM, Garg S. Community-based study on seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in New Delhi. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:34-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.38855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Khaki P, Bhalla P, Sharma A, Kumar V. CORRELATION BETWEEN IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TREATMENT OUTCOME WITH AZITHROMYCIN IN GONORRHOEA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Khaki P, Bhalla P, Sharma P, Chawla R, Bhalla K. EPIDEMILOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE ISOLATES BY ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING, AUXOTYPING AND SEROTYPING. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Wadhwa V, Kabra S, Khaki P, Gur R, Bhalla P, Rai S, Kharbanda P, Mishra B, Uppal B, Singh AV, Ahuja RB, Gautam VK. Outbreak of burn wound infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Menston and the role of disinfectant testing in finding the cause of spread. J Hosp Infect 2007; 65:180-1. [PMID: 17175067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Bhalla P, Chawla R, Garg S, Singh MM, Raina U, Bhalla R, Sodhanit P. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women in Delhi, India. Indian J Med Res 2007; 125:167-72. [PMID: 17431287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age. Surveillance studies on bacterial vaginosis are mostly based on specialist clinic settings. As few population-based prevalence surveys of bacterial vaginosis have been conducted, we studied the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the urban and rural communities in Delhi, and to associate the presence of bacterial vaginosis with demographic profile, risk factors and presence of other reproductive tract infections (RTIs)/ sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS Vaginal specimens for Gram-stain evaluation of vaginal flora for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and culture of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp, blood samples for HIV and syphilis serology, and urine for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were collected from women (15-49 yr) from rural and urban areas. Information on demographic characteristics, risk factors and clinical symptoms was obtained. RESULTS Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 70 (32.8%) subjects. A high percentage though asymptomatic (31.2%) were found to have bacterial vaginosis. Highest prevalence was seen in urban slum (38.6%) followed by rural (28.8%) and urban middle class community (25.4%). All women with vaginal trichomoniasis were found to have bacterial vaginosis while 50 per cent of subjects having syphilis also had bacterial vaginosis.. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The study showed high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. The asymptomatic women having bacterial vaginosis are less likely to seek treatment for the morbidity and thus are more likely to acquire other STIs. Women attending various healthcare facilities should be screened and treated for bacterial vaginosis to reduce the risk of acquisition of other STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LN Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Bhalla P, Sharma A, Kumar V, Khaki P. Correlation between In vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome with azithromycin in gonorrhoea: A prospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:354-7. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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49
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Kaur R, Mittal N, Bhalla P, Reddy BNS, Baveja UK. Risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 among STD clinic attenders in Delhi, India. J Commun Dis 2006; 38:339-43. [PMID: 17913210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HSV-2 infection among sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic attenders of Delhi in India. Out of 128 patients included, 76 were males and 52 were females. Antibodies to HSV 1 and 2 and HIV infection were determined by ELISA. Syphilis seropositivity was determined by VDRL test and confirm by TPHA test. Ulcer scrapping were stained by Giemsa for Herpes progenitalis and Donovan bodies and Grams for Haemophilus decreyi infection. The HSV-2 and HSV-I seroprevalence was found to be 85.2% and 77.3% respectively. 87.3% of HSV-2 seropositive patients were asymptomic. 10.7% of patients had coinfection of HSV-2 and HIV. STDs like syphilis, chancroid, gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis were significantly associated in HSV-2 infection. Thus the study demonstrates high prevalence of HSV-2 infection in Delhi city. Significant association of HSV-2 infection with previous history of STD (p < 0.02) and multiple sexual partners in males was found (p < 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur
- Depart of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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