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Rivera AS, Machenry S, Okpokwu J, Olatunde B, Ugoagwu P, Auwal M, Sule H, Agaba P, Agbaji OO, Thio CL, Murphy RL, Hawkins C. HBV co-infection is associated with persistently elevated liver stiffness measurement in HIV-positive adults: A 6-year single-centre cohort study in Nigeria. Antivir Ther 2021; 26:106-116. [DOI: 10.1177/13596535211058262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In Nigeria, the effect of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) on long-term liver outcomes in persons with HIV (PLH) has not been described. We determined changes in liver stiffness measure (LSM) using transient elastography over 6 years in HIV mono-infected and HIV-HBV co-infected Nigerians initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and factors associated with LSM decline. Methods This single centre, cohort study enrolled ART-naïve HIV mono- and HIV-HBV co-infected adults (≥18 years) at the APIN Public Health Initiatives–supported HIV Care and Treatment Centre at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, from 7/2011 to 2/2012. LSM at baseline, Years 3 and 6 were analysed using longitudinal models to estimate changes over time and their predictors. Results Data from 100 (31%) HIV-HBV co-infected and 225 (69%) HIV mono-infected participants were analysed. Median LSM at baseline was 6.10 (IQR: 4.60–7.90) kPa in co-infected and 5.10 (IQR: 4.40–6.10) kPa in mono-infected participants. In adjusted analyses, average LSM was not significantly different between Year 0 and 3 (β = 0.02, −0.22 to 0.26, p = 0.87 and Year 0 and 6 (β = −0.02, −0.23 to 0.27, p = 0.88) in both groups ( p>0.05), but co-infected participants had significantly higher LSM than mono-infected throughout follow-up (β = 0.018, 0.019–0.28, p < 0.001). Year 3 LSM differed according to ART initiation status by Year 3 (initiators - non-initiators: −0.87, −1.70 to −0.29). Conclusion In this cohort, LSM remained higher among HIV-HBV co-infected versus HIV mono-infected participants throughout follow-up. Our findings emphasize the continuing need for monitoring of liver outcomes in HIV-HBV co-infected populations on ART and the importance of preventing HBV infection among PLH to optimize liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adovich S Rivera
- Institute for Public Health and Management, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Machenry
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | | | - Bola Olatunde
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Muazu Auwal
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Halima Sule
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Patricia Agaba
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Oche O Agbaji
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
- APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, PL, Nigeria
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Leo Murphy
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Grant JL, Agaba P, Ugoagwu P, Muazu A, Okpokwu J, Akpa S, Machenry S, Imade G, Agbaji O, Thio CL, Murphy R, Hawkins C. Changes in liver stiffness after ART initiation in HIV-infected Nigerian adults with and without chronic HBV. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:2003-2008. [PMID: 31225612 PMCID: PMC6587419 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data from sub-Saharan Africa on long-term liver fibrosis changes in HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected individuals. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of ART on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (TE) in HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected Nigerian adults and examine factors associated with fibrosis regression. METHODS We included ART-naive HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected adults (≥18 years) enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study of liver disease between July 2011 and February 2015 at Jos University Teaching Hospital HIV Care and Treatment Centre in Nigeria. Patients initiated ART and had TE at baseline and follow-up (year 3). LSM cut-offs for Metavir scores were 5.9, 7.6 and 9.4 kPa for moderate fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. We used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with TE (≥1 Metavir) stage decline. RESULTS A total of 106 HIV- and 71 HIV/HBV-infected patients [70.5% female and median age = 34 years (IQR = 29-42 years)] were studied. Baseline LSM and median LSM decline were significantly higher in HIV/HBV- versus HIV-infected patients; 41% of HIV/HBV-infected patients regressed ≥1 Metavir stage versus 17% of HIV-infected patients (P < 0.01); LSM scores at year 3 were not significantly different between HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected patients. In multivariable analyses, patients with baseline CD4+ T cells ≥200 (versus <200) cells/mm3 and lower BMIs were more likely to experience LSM stage decline. CONCLUSIONS HBV coinfection does not attenuate LSM declines in HIV-infected patients after ART initiation despite being a risk factor for more advanced liver disease prior to therapy. The inverse association between BMI and TE stage decline needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Agaba
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Auwal Muazu
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Okpokwu
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Akpa
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Machenry
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Imade
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Oche Agbaji
- HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ojeh BV, Abah IO, Ugoagwu P, Agaba PA, Agbaji OO, Gyang SS. Incidence and predictors of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced renal impairment in HIV infected Nigerian patients. Germs 2018; 8:67-76. [PMID: 29951379 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2018.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in the treatment of HIV infection has been associated with renal dysfunction. In Nigeria, data on the incidence and risk factors of TDF nephrotoxicity is sparse. We determined the cumulative incidence of and risk factors for TDF-induced renal impairment in HIV-infected individuals accessing care at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis included patients aged ≥16 years that initiated ART between January 2008 and December 2011. Renal impairment, defined as glomerular filtration rate GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 sqm using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation was assessed at baseline and at 48 weeks on ART. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with incident renal impairment. Results The mean age was 39±9 years, and 67.1% were female. The cumulative incidence of renal impairment among the TDF-exposed and TDF-unexposed groups was 4.6% and 2.3% respectively (p<0.001). TDF exposure was significantly associated with renal impairment [OR=2.0, 95%CI=(1.48-2.89), p<0.001] in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, older age (aOR=1.06, 95%CI=(1.05-1.08), p<0.001), TDF exposure [aOR=1.85, 95%CI=(1.31-2.60), p<0.001] and co-morbidities [aOR=2.71, 95%CI=(1.72-4.25), p<0.001] were significantly associated with renal impairment. Conclusion TDF exposure, aging and comorbidities were predictors of renal toxicity among HIV positive patients. Regular monitoring of renal function in such high-risk individuals is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazim V Ojeh
- Bpharm, MSc, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 2076 Jos, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O Abah
- BPharm, MSc, MPH, Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 2076 Jos, Nigeria
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- BSc, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 2076 Jos, Nigeria
| | - Patricia A Agaba
- BmBcH, FWACP, Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084 Jos, Nigeria
| | - Oche O Agbaji
- MBBS, FMCP, Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 2076 Jos, Nigeria
| | - Steven S Gyang
- Bpharm, MSc, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos. P.M.B 2084 Jos, Nigeria
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Grant J, Agbaji O, Kramvis A, Yousif M, Auwal M, Penugonda S, Ugoagwu P, Murphy R, Hawkins C. Hepatitis B virus sequencing and liver fibrosis evaluation in HIV/HBV co-infected Nigerians. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:744-754. [PMID: 28376292 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV), such as genotype and genomic mutations, may contribute to liver-related morbidity and mortality. The association of these characteristics with liver fibrosis severity in sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain. We aimed to characterise molecular HBV features in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV co-infected Nigerians and evaluate associations between these characteristics and liver fibrosis severity before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. METHODS HIV/HBV co-infected Nigerians underwent liver fibrosis estimation by transient elastography (TE) prior to and 36 months after ART initiation. Basal core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) and preS1/preS2/S regions of HBV were sequenced from baseline plasma samples. We evaluated associations between HBV mutations and liver fibrosis severity by univariate and multivariable regression. RESULTS At baseline, 94 patients underwent TE with median liver stiffness of 6.4 (IQR 4.7-8.7) kPa. Patients were predominantly infected with HBV genotype E (45/46) and HBe-antigen negative (75/94, 79.8%). We identified BCP A1762T/G1764A in 15/35 (43%), PC G1896A in 20/35 (57%), 'a' determinant mutations in 12/45 (26.7%) and preS2 deletions in 6/16 (37.5%). PreS2 mutations were associated with advanced fibrosis in multivariable analysis. At follow-up, median liver stiffness was 5.2 (IQR 4.1-6.6) kPa. No HBV molecular characteristics were associated with lack of fibrosis regression, although HIV virologic control, body mass index (BMI) and baseline CD4+ T-cell count were associated with a decline in fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION Frequent BCP/PC and preS1/preS2/S mutations were found in ART-naïve HIV/HBV co-infected Nigerians. Median liver stiffness declined after initiation of ART, regardless of pre-ART HBV mutational pattern or virologic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oche Agbaji
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Anna Kramvis
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mukhlid Yousif
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mu'azu Auwal
- HIV Care and Treatment Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sudhir Penugonda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- HIV Care and Treatment Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Agbaji OO, Abah IO, Falang KD, Ebonyi AO, Musa J, Ugoagwu P, Agaba PA, Sagay AS, Jolayemi T, Okonkwo P, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ. Treatment Discontinuation in Adult HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria. Curr HIV Res 2016; 13:184-92. [PMID: 25986369 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x1303150506181945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention in care and treatment services is critical to health outcomes of individuals diagnosed and living with HIV. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for treatment discontinuation (TD) in a large adult HIV population on ART in Nigeria. METHOD A retrospective cohort study of adult HIV patients initiated on first-line ART between 2004 and 2011 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Nigeria. Follow up information of participants was retrieved from various sources (patient visit database, pharmacy data and patients charts) up to the end of 2012. The primary study endpoint was TD, defined as discontinuation of ART for any reason, including death or loss to follow-up (lack of pharmacy pick-up for periods≥12 months). The Incidence and hazard for TD were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analysis, respectively. RESULT Overall, 3,362 (28%) patients discontinued treatment during 49,436 person-years (py) of follow-up (incidence rate (IR) 6.8 TD per 100 py). The hazard of treatment discontinuation decreased with increasing age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.99). Other independent risk factors for treatment discontinuation were: being unmarried (aHR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12-1.38), having primary or secondary level of education as compared to tertiary level education (aHR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12-1.40) and average percent adherence to drug refill visits<95% (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.13; 95% CI: 1.9-2.40). Compared to tenofovir, greater hazard of TD was noted in patients initiated on ART containing didanosine (aHR) 1.73; 95% CI: 1.03-2.91), but lower in those initiated on zidovudine containing regimen (aHR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69-0.86). CONCLUSION Long-term treatment discontinuation rate in this study was comparable to estimates in resource-rich countries. Younger patients, as well as patients with lower educational levels and those with poor adherence had significant hazards for treatment discontinuation and should be the target of interventions to reduce treatment discontinuation and improve retention, especially within the first year of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I O Abah
- Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
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Abah IO, Ojeh VB, Musa J, Ugoagwu P, Agaba PA, Agbaji O, Okonkwo P. Clinical Utility of Pharmacy-Based Adherence Measurement in Predicting Virologic Outcomes in an Adult HIV-Infected Cohort in Jos, North Central Nigeria. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2014; 15:77-83. [PMID: 24963086 DOI: 10.1177/2325957414539197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association between adherence to drug-refill visits and virologic outcomes in a cohort of HIV-infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in North Central Nigeria. METHODS Retrospectively, 588 HIV-infected, cART-naive adults (aged ≥15 years), initiated on first-line ART between 2009 and 2010 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, were evaluated. Association between adherence to drug-refill visits, virologic (viral load>1000 copies/mL), and immunologic failure was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS After a median of 12 months on cART, 16% (n=94) and 10% (n=59) of patients had virologic and immunologic failures, respectively. In the final multivariable model, suboptimal adherence to drug-refill visits was a significant predictor of both virologic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.2-2.3) and immunologic (AOR 1.92; 95% CI:1.06-3.49) failures. CONCLUSION Adherence to drug refill is a useful predictor of successful virologic control and could be utilized for routine monitoring of adherence to cART in our clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Okoh Abah
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos, Nigeria
| | - Victor Bazim Ojeh
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos, Nigeria
| | - Jonah Musa
- University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, APIN Centre, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Oche Agbaji
- University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, APIN Centre, Jos, Nigeria
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Hawkins C, Agbaji O, Ugoagwu P, Thio CL, Auwal MM, Ani C, Okafo C, Wallender E, Murphy RL. Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with HIV and hepatitis B virus coinfection in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:e189-92. [PMID: 24014732 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Ladep NG, Agaba PA, Agbaji O, Muazu A, Ugoagwu P, Imade G, Cooke G, McCormack S, Taylor-Robinson SD, Idoko J, Kanki P. Rates and impact of hepatitis on human immunodeficiency virus infection in a large African cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1602-1610. [PMID: 23538773 PMCID: PMC3602477 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i10.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the rates and impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections on response to long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a large human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population in Nigeria.
METHODS: HBV and HCV as well as HIV infections are endemic in sub Saharan Africa. This was a retrospective cohort study of 19 408 adults who were recruited between June 2004 and December 2010 in the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria in Nigeria programme at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Serological assays, including HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody were used to categorise hepatitis status of the patients. HBsAg was determined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Monolisa HBsAg Ultra3; Bio-Rad). HCV antibody was tested using third generation EIA (DIA.PRO Diagnostic, Bioprobes srl, Milan, Italy). HIV RNA levels were measured using Roche COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test version 1.5 (Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with a detection limit of 400 copies/mL. Flow cytometry was used to determine CD4+ cell count (Partec, GmbH Munster, Germany). Comparison of categorical and continuous variables were achieved using Pearson’s χ2 and Kruskal Wallis tests respectively, on MedCalc for Windows, version 9.5.0.0 (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium).
RESULTS: With an overall hepatitis screening rate of over 90% for each virus; HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV were detected in 3162 (17.8%), 1983 (11.3%) and 453 (2.5%) HIV infected adults respectively. The rate of liver disease was low, but highest among HIV mono-infected patients (29, 0.11%), followed by HBV co-infected patients (15, 0.08%). Patients with HBV co-infection and triple infection had higher log10 HIV RNA loads (HBV: 4.6 copies/mL vs HIV only: 4.5 copies/mL, P < 0.0001) and more severe immune suppression (HBV: 645, 55.4%; HBV/HCV: 97, 56.7%) prior to initiation of HAART compared to HIV mono-infected patients (1852, 48.6%) (P < 0.0001). Of 3025 patients who were 4.4 years on HAART and whose CD4 cell counts results at baseline and end of follow up were available for analyses, CD4 increase was significantly lower in those with HBV co-infection (HBV: 144 cells/mm3; HBV/HCV: 105 cells/mm3) than in those with HCV co-infection (165 cells/mm3) and HIV mono-infection (150 cells/mm3) (P = 0.0008).
CONCLUSION: High rates of HBV and HCV infections were found in this HIV cohort. CD4 recovery was significantly diminished in patients with HBV co-infection.
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Ladep NG, Agbaji OO, Agaba PA, Muazu A, Ugoagwu P, Imade G, Cooke GS, Vivas L, Cormack SM, Taylor-Robinson SD, Idoko J, Kanki P. Hepatitis B Co-Infection is Associated with Poorer Survival of HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 3. [PMID: 25328814 PMCID: PMC4199237 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.s3-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B has been reported to be high in HIV-infected African populations. However, the impact of this co-infection on the survival of HIV-infected Africans on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains poorly characterised. We investigated the impact of HBV/HIV co-infection on survival of HIV infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in a West African population. METHODS This was a clinic-based cohort study of HIV-infected adults enrolled in Nigeria, West Africa. Study subjects (9,758) were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C at HAART initiation. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate probability of survival and to identify predictors of mortality respectively, based on hepatitis B surface antigen status. All patients had signed an informed written consent before enrolment into the study; and we additionally obtained permission for secondary use of data from the Harvard institutional review board. RESULTS Patients were followed up for a median of 41 months (interquartile range: 30-62 months) during which, 181 (1.9%) patients died. Most of the deaths; 143 (79.0%) occurred prior to availability of Tenofovir. Among those that were on antiretroviral therapy, hepatitis B co-infected patients experienced a significantly lower survival than HIV mono-infected patients at 74 months of follow up (94% vs. 97%; p=0.0097). Generally, hepatitis B co-infection: HBsAg-positive/HIV-positive (Hazards Rate [HR]; 1.5: 95% CI 1.09-2.11), co-morbid tuberculosis (HR; 2.2: 95% CI 1.57-2.96) and male gender (HR; 1.5: 95% CI 1.08-2.00) were significantly predictive of mortality. Categorising the patients based on use of Tenofovir, HBV infection failed to become a predictor of mortality among those on Tenofovir-containing HAART. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg-positive status was associated with reduced survival and was an independent predictor of mortality in this African HIV cohort on HAART. However, Tenofovir annulled the impact of HBV on mortality of HIV patients in the present study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimzing G Ladep
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Oche O Agbaji
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Patricia A Agaba
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria ; Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Auwal Muazu
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Placid Ugoagwu
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Imade
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Livia Vivas
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Mc Cormack
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - John Idoko
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria & Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2 Murtala Mohammed Way, PMB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria ; National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Plot 823, Ralph Sodeinde Street, CBD, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Phyllis Kanki
- HarvardSchool of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ladep N, Shehu N, Muazu A, Ugoagwu P, Kakjing F, Badung B, Daniyan C, Idoko J. Efficacy of multivitamins containing phosphatidyl choline in the mananegment of hepatotoxicity from antiretroviral and/or antituberculous drugs. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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