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Sruthi P, Madhava Naidu M, Rao PJ. Valorization of cashew nut testa phenolics through nano-complexes stabilized with whey protein isolate and β-cyclodextrin: Characterization, anti-oxidant activity, stability and in vitro release. Food Res Int 2024; 181:114110. [PMID: 38448109 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cashew nut testa (CNT) is an underutilized cashew by-product rich in polyphenols. The applications of CNT are limited due to its astringency, less solubility, and instability of polyphenols during the processing. Nanoencapsulation was used to overcome these limitations. β-cyclodextrin alone and in combination with whey protein isolate (WPI) was used for nano-complex preparation. The WPI/CD-CNT nano-complex powder showed higher encapsulation efficiency (86.9%) and yield (70.5-80%) compared to CD-CNT powder. Both the spray-dried powders showed improved thermal stability, higher solubility (97%), less moisture content, and increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities indicating potential food and agricultural applications. In addition, the nano-complex powders showed a controlled release of core bio-actives under gastric and intestinal pH compared to the non-encapsulated CNT phenolic extract. Degradation kinetics studies of the CNT extract after thermal and light treatments were also discussed. Both the nano-complexes showed high stability under light and thermal treatment. The results suggest that valorization of CNT can be done through nano-complex preparation and WPI and β-CD are efficient carrier materials for the encapsulation of polyphenols with potential applications in food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sruthi
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M Madhava Naidu
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Pooja J Rao
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Nagaraju PG, S A, Rao PJ, Priyadarshini P. Assessment of acute and subacute toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of eugenol nanoparticles after oral exposure in Wistar rats. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:87-105. [PMID: 38349196 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2314483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the safety, toxicity, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of eugenol nanoparticles (EONs) following oral administration in Wistar rat models. In the acute toxicity study, the rats were given a fixed dose of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg body weight per group orally and screened for 2 weeks after administration. In the subacute study, three different doses (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW) of EON were administered for 28 days. The results indicated no significant differences in food and water consumption, bodyweight change, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, gross findings, or histopathology compared to the control. Additionally, no significant changes were observed in the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα in the plasma, confirming the absence of systemic inflammation. Biodistribution analysis revealed rapid absorption of eugenol and improved bioavailability due to gradual and sustained release, leading to a maximum eugenol concentration of 15.05 μg/mL (Cmax) at approximately 8 h (Tmax) in the blood plasma. Thus, the study provides valuable insights into the utilization of EON for enhancing the stability, solubility, and sustained release of eugenol and highlights its promising safety profile in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod G Nagaraju
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashwini S
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pooja J Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Rao PJ, Khanum H, Murthy PS, Shreelakshmi SV, Nazareth MS. Influence of milk fat on the physicochemical property of nanoencapsulated curcumin and enhancement of its biological properties thereof. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1376-1388. [PMID: 36936118 PMCID: PMC10020419 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, bioactive from turmeric Curcuma longa, has been known for its therapeutic properties. However, its lipophilic nature and poor bioavailability are the constraints to harnessing its properties. Encapsulation in nano-size helps to alleviate the constraints and enhance its biological properties due to its higher surface area. The study aims to encapsulate curcumin in a nanometer size range by solubilizing in lipid (milk fat) and using milk protein as a water-soluble carrier. The lipid:curcumin ratio (1:0.05, 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1.5:0.1, 1.5:0.2, 2.0:0.1 and 2:0.2% (w/w)) produced nanoemulsion with droplets sizes 30-200 nm. The sample containing lipid: curcumin, as 1.0:0.05 resulted in an encapsulation efficiency of 92.6%, and its binding interaction with the carrier, was KD = 4.7 µM. A high solubility of curcumin in milk fat and digestion during in vitro lipolysis increased its bioaccessibility. A simulated gastro-intestinal in vitro studies showed that cumulative release percentage of nanoencapsulated curcumin was 60% at pH 7.4 compared to 0.8% of native curcumin. The anti-microbial property of nanoencapsulated curcumin was more potent than native curcumin against food pathogenic organisms such as S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa, C. violaceum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05684-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja J. Rao
- Plant Products, Spices and Flavour Sciences Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
| | - Hafeeza Khanum
- Plant Products, Spices and Flavour Sciences Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
| | - Pushpa S. Murthy
- Plant Products, Spices and Flavour Sciences Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
| | - S. V. Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Bio-Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Bio-Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
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Nagaraju PG, P S, Dubey T, Chinnathambi S, C G PP, Rao PJ. Influence of sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, pectin and their Maillard conjugate on the stability, in vitro release, anti-oxidant property and cell viability of eugenol-olive oil nanoemulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:158-170. [PMID: 33901559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of protein (sodium caseinate-SC), polysaccharide (maltodextrin-MD; pectin-PC) and their Maillard conjugates (sodium caseinate maltodextrin conjugate-SCMDC; sodium caseinate pectin conjugate-SCPCC) were studied on the physico-chemical and biological properties of eugenol nanoemulsions/powder. The chemical composition was optimized using Taguchi design. The particles size of eugenol nanoemulsions with SC, MD, PC, SCMDC and SCPCC were 104.6, 323.5, 1872, 181.7, and 454.4 nm, respectively while their zeta potentials were -31.2, -28.5, -21.4, -40.1 and -25.1 mV, respectively. Turbidity studies revealed higher stability of nanoemulsion prepared with Maillard conjugate (SCMDC) compared to protein or polysaccharides alone. The dispersion of SCMDC eugenol nanoparticles in buffer was prepared to study its stability at different pH (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0) and temperature (4°, 37°, 60 °C) range. In-vitro enzymatic release study showed 31 and 74% release of eugenol after 6 h at pH 2.4 and 7.4, respectively. In vitro antioxidant capacity of SCMDC encapsulated eugenol was higher than native eugenol, as demonstrated by free radical scavenging assays. In comparison to native eugenol, E:SCMDC eugenol showed reduced toxicity. These findings suggested that nanoencapsulated eugenol (E:SCMDC) have a huge potential in nutraceutical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod G Nagaraju
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570009, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sindhu P
- Spice & Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570009, India
| | - Tushar Dubey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini C G
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570009, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Pooja J Rao
- Spice & Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570009, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Nagaraju PG, Sengupta P, Chicgovinda PP, Rao PJ. Nanoencapsulation of clove oil and study of physicochemical properties, cytotoxic, hemolytic, and antioxidant activities. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod G. Nagaraju
- Department of Molecular Nutrition CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
- CSIR Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Parineeta Sengupta
- Spice & Flavour Sciences CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini Chicgovinda
- Department of Molecular Nutrition CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
- CSIR Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Pooja J. Rao
- Spice & Flavour Sciences CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
- CSIR Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Abstract
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) produced dose-related catalepsy in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly. PGE1 induced catalepsy was significantly inhibited after pretreatment with pharmacological agents known to attenuate central serotonergic and cholinergic activity. It was also inhibited by PGF2α and naloxone. On the contrary, treatments enhancing central dopaminergic activity also reduced the cataleptic effect of PGE1. The results suggest that PGE1 induces catalepsy in rats by modulating activity of central neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Rao PJ, Jyoti R, Mews PJ, Desmond P, Khurana VG. Preoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopy improves diagnostic accuracy in a series of neurosurgical dilemmas. Br J Neurosurg 2013; 27:646-53. [PMID: 23461752 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2013.771724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in neurosurgical patients with diagnostically challenging intracranial lesions. METHODS Included in this study are twenty-three consecutive patients presenting to the neurosurgery service with diagnostically challenging intracranial lesions and who were investigated by conventional MR imaging and proton ((1)H) MRS, followed by surgery with subsequent histopathological diagnosis. An experienced neuroradiologist (RJ) blinded to the final histopathology evaluated the imaging studies retrospectively. Provisional diagnoses based on preoperative clinical and conventional MR data versus preoperative MRS data were compared with definitive histopathological diagnoses. RESULTS Compared with preoperative clinical and conventional MR data, (1)H MRS improved the accuracy of MR imaging from 60.9% to 83%. We found (1)H MRS reliably distinguished between abscess and high-grade tumour, and between high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma, but was not able to reliably distinguish between recurrent glioma and radiation necrosis. In 12/23 cases (52%) the (1)H MRS findings positively altered our clinical management. Two representative cases are presented. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a beneficial role for (1)H MRS in certain diagnostic intracranial dilemmas presenting to neurosurgeons. The information gleaned from preoperative (1)H MRS can be a useful adjunct to clinical and conventional MR imaging data in guiding the management of patients with intracranial pathologies, particularly high-grade tumour versus abscess, and high-grade versus low-grade glioma. Further larger prospective studies are needed to clearly define the utility of (1)H MRS in diagnostically challenging intracranial lesions in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
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Rao PJ, Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D. Reaction of Dithiothreitol and Para-nitroacetophenone with Different Radical Precursors of .OH Radical-induced Strand Break Formation of Single-stranded DNA in Anoxic Aqueous Solution. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 61:577-91. [PMID: 1349622 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214551391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The yields of single-strand breakage (ssb) in single-stranded calf thymus DNA (ssDNA) have been determined after 60Co gamma-irradiation of aqueous anoxic solutions in the presence of different concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbate or trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane, using low-angle laser light scattering. The influence of DTT on the kinetics of ssb formation has been determined by conductivity measurements in pulse radiolysis. The results suggest that strand breakage in ssDNA proceeds via two modes of about equal contribution and with half-lives of about 7 ms and 0.8s, respectively. Both modes reflect reactions of at least two DNA radicals, which react with DTT by hydrogen-atom transfer reactions with similar rate constants of about 5-9 x 10(5) dm3 mol-1 s-1. These hydrogen-atom transfer reactions inhibit strand break formation. The slow mode is shown to represent the decay of base-radicals to generate sugar radicals. The involvement of the oxidizing .OH adduct radical of guanine in the formation of strand breaks can be ruled out and there is no evidence for a contribution from the anion or radical anion of DTT to the inhibition of strand breaks via electron transfer reactions to DNA radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Pari K, Rao PJ, Devakumar C, Rastogi JN. A Novel Insect Antifeedant Nonprotein Amino Acid from Calotropis gigantea. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:102-104. [PMID: 9548837 DOI: 10.1021/np970255z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Giganticine (1), a novel nonprotein amino acid, has been isolated from a methanol extract of the root bark of Calotropis gigantea and its structure established by spectroscopic methods. It exhibited a significant antifeedant activity against nymphs of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pari
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India, Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India, and Department of Chemistry, M. M. Post Graduate College, Modinagar 201 204, UP, India
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Murty JS, Muralidhar B, Goud JD, Rao PJ, Babu BR, Rao VS. Hierarchical gene diversity and genetic structure of tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India. Am J Phys Anthropol 1993; 90:169-83. [PMID: 8280194 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gene diversity and genetic structure of tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India, have been analyzed under a hierarchical model consisting of five regions of the state, tribes within the regions, and local subpopulations within the tribes. Average gene diversity has been estimated from gene frequency data for 15 polymorphic loci by using nested gene diversity analysis of GST. The intralocation coefficient of gene diversity was estimated at 96% of the total, whereas the intertribal, within--and between--regional gene diversities were found to be only 1.90, 0.95, and 1.43%, respectively. The estimate of gene diversity was higher for loci with higher degrees of polymorphism such as ABO, MN, ESD, and PTC and lower for loci with low-level polymorphism and extreme gene frequencies such as Hb, Tf, PHI, 6PGD, and Hp. The nature of selective preference or neutrality at the loci seems to be important in this respect. Tribes of the plains exhibit the least gene diversity, apparently because of higher gene flow among them. The contribution of loci with intermediate gene frequencies in intertribal and regional gene diversity was found to be higher than for loci with extreme allelic frequencies. These results suggest that the most significant component of variation is between individuals within locations and that variation between local subpopulations is negligible in the genetic structure of a population. Forces like selection, gene flow and drift also influence the diversity depending upon the nature of the locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Murty
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Bhattacharya SK, Rao PJ, Das Gupta G. Effect of centrally administered prostaglandin D2 and some prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1989; 41:569-71. [PMID: 2571705 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The putative modulatory role of central prostaglandins (PGs) on peripheral inflammation has been explored by investigating the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered PGD2, the major rodent brain PG, hydrocortisone, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, paracetamol and mefenamic acid, on carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. PGD2 produced a dose-related inflammation-augmenting effect, whereas hydrocortisone and the PG synthesis inhibitors, paracetamol and mefenamic acid, induced attenuation of the peripheral oedema. These findings confirm an earlier report from this laboratory which had indicated that central PGs may modulate peripheral inflammation and that conventional anti-inflammatory agents exert at least part of their effect by inhibiting central PG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Paw inflammation was induced in rats by sub-plantar administration of carrageenan. Significant inflammatory oedema was observed 1 h later and the peak effect was noted between 3-4 h. The oedema was markedly reduced after 12-24 h. Steady state levels of whole brain and hypothalamic monoamines were estimated spectrofluorometrically during the course of the carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. In addition, the rate of accumulation of the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) was assessed in clorgyline-pretreated rats during the inflammation. The whole brain and hypothalamic concentrations of 5-HT and NA were augmented during the early phase of the inflammation, but fell below control values when peak inflammation was achieved. Thereafter, the monoamine levels tended to normalize by 24 h when the inflammation had virtually subsided. On the contrary, whole brain and hypothalamic dopamine levels remained largely unaffected. The rate of accumulation of brain 5-HT and NA were enhanced during carrageenan inflammation, indicating that the turnover of these monoamines is augmented during the inflammatory process. The results suggest that acute peripheral inflammation may significantly affect central 5-HT and noradrenergic activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Intracerebroventricularly administered bradykinin (2.5, 5 and 10 micrograms/rat) produced a dose-related increase in the rectal temperature of adult Wistar strain albino rats. The bradykinin-induced hyperthermia was significantly attenuated following pretreatment of the animals with pharmacological agents which selectively reduce rat brain serotonin or prostaglandin (PG) activity. These findings, and those of earlier reports emanating from this laboratory which indicate that centrally administered bradykinin augments rat brain serotonin and PGE2 activity, suggest the involvement of PGs and serotonin in the hyperthermic action of bradykinin in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Twenty-four hours after injection of carrageenan into one hind paw, injection of the same amount into the contralateral paw produced a significantly attenuated inflammatory response. However, when the second injection was given 7 days later, the inflammation induced in the contralateral paw was comparable with the initial response to carrageenan. A time-course study of carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats showed that significant oedema persisted 24 h after carrageenan administration and complete recovery was achieved in 7 days. The attenuated inflammatory response in the contralateral paw after 24 h was antagonized by bilateral adrenalectomy and chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema was also significantly less in rats with subacute inflammation induced by the croton oil granuloma pouch technique. This attenuated response was antagonized by pretreatment of the rats with metyrapone, an inhibitor of adrenocorticoid synthesis, and by 6-hydroxydopamine. It is likely that the pre-existing acute or subacute inflammation attenuates the inflammatory response of carrageenan, by acting as a stressor, inducing activation of the sympatho-adrenal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), the major PG in the rat brain, induced a dose-related catalepsy in rats on intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. This cataleptic response was significantly attenuated following the i.c.v. administration of pharmacological agents that decrease rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activity. PGE1 synergized but PGF2 alpha antagonized the catalepsy induced by PGD2. PGD2 and PGE1 have previously been shown to augment rat brain 5-HT activity, whereas PGF alpha inhibited it. It is therefore likely that the observed effects of these PGs on catalepsy involve a central 5-HT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Rao PJ, Bhattacharya SK. Antinociceptive effect of intracerebroventricularly administered bradykinin in rat: role of putative neurotransmitters. Indian J Exp Biol 1987; 25:315-8. [PMID: 3666827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bhattacharya SK, Rao PJ, Brumleve SJ, Parmar SS. Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of bradykinin on rat brain serotonin and prostaglandins. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1986; 54:355-66. [PMID: 3797812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of bradykinin (5, 10 and 20 micrograms) produced a dose-related increase in the concentration of serotonin in rat brain. The maximum increase was observed after 15 min of bradykinin administration. Thereafter, the augmented levels of serotonin declined and tended to come to normal value after 60 min. Bradykinin (20 micrograms) significantly increased the concentrations of serotonin specifically in cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla but not in cerebellum and spinal cord. The time course of increase and subsequent decline of regional concentrations of serotonin in brain were similar to that noted with bradykinin-induced changes in serotonin levels in whole brain. Bradykinin (5, 10 and 20 mg, ICV) increased the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but not of PGF2 alpha of rat brain. The time course of bradykinin-induced changes in PGE2 concentrations were similar to the effects of bradykinin on the levels of serotonin in rat brain. The inhibitors of PG synthesis, hydrocortisone, diclofenac and paracetamol, antagonized the bradykinin-induced increase of serotonin in rat brain. These results have provided support for the contention that PGs may presumably mediate some of the central actions of bradykinin and that bradykinin-induced augmentation of central serotonergic activity could possibly account for PGE2-induced modulation of rat brain serotonin.
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Rembold H, Vaubel A, Rao PJ. Effect of sugars, Na+-, and K+-ions on biopterin transport in Crithidia fasciculata. Arch Mikrobiol 1974; 97:51-62. [PMID: 4836289 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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