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Kumar M, Parkhey P, Mishra SK, Paul PK, Singh A, Singh V. Phage for drug delivery vehicles. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2023; 201:191-201. [PMID: 37770171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses being the natural carriers of gene have been widely used as drug delivery systems. However, the commonly used eukaryotic viruses such as adenoviruses, retroviruses, and lentiviruses, besides efficiently targeting the cells, can also stimulate immunological response or disrupt tumour suppressor genes leading to cancer. Consequently, there has been an increase interest in the scientific fraternity towards exploring other alternatives, which are safer and equally efficient for drug delivery. Bacteriophages, in this context have been at the forefront as an efficient, reliable, and safer choice. Novel phage dependent technologies led the foundation of peptide libraries and provides way to recognising abilities and targeting of specific ligands. Hybridisation of phage with inorganic complexes could be an appropriate strategy for the construction of carrying bioinorganic carriers. In this chapter, we have tried to cover major advances in the phage species that can be used as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Piyush Parkhey
- Techno-Commercial Division, Trinity International, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prabir Kumar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Khaswal A, Chaturvedi N, Mishra SK, Kumar PR, Paul PK. Current status and applications of genus Geobacillus in the production of industrially important products-a review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:389-404. [PMID: 35229277 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Geobacillus is one of the most important genera which mainly comprises gram-positive thermophilic bacterial strains including obligate aerobes, denitrifiers and facultative anaerobes having capability of endospore formation as well. The genus Geobacillus is widely distributed in nature and mostly abundant in extreme locations such as cool soils, hot springs, hydrothermal vents, marine trenches, hay composts and dairy plants. Due to plasticity towards environmental adaptation, the Geobacillus sp. shows remarkable genome diversification and acquired many beneficial properties, which facilitates their exploitation for many biotechnological applications. Many thermophiles are of biotechnological importance and having considerable interest in commercial applications for the production of industrially important products. Recently, due to catabolic versatility especially in the degradation of hemicellulose and starch containing agricultural waste and rapid growth rates, these microorganisms show potential for the production of biofuels, thermostable enzymes and bioremediation. This review mainly summarizes the status of Geobacillus sp. including its notable properties, biotechnological studies and its potential application in the production of industrially important products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Khaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Priya Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
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Alam MM, Adhikary DK, Khaled FI, Chowdhury MT, Hassan SR, Saha A, Mahjabeen F, Dey D, Paul PK, Khan SS. Determinants of Pre-Hospital Delay after Myocardial Infarction in Bangladesh: A Rural Center Experience. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:1154-1162. [PMID: 34605490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Determinants of pre-hospital delay after myocardial infarction, strictly among South-Asian rural community, till now is largely unknown. And Bangladesh is not an exception. It is a fact that though around two third of its population still live in villages, we do not know what factors are having influence on such delay. To find out these primers of time consumption before seeking medical help, this is a picture of a medical college hospital situated in a rural precinct. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 98 patients came with Myocardial Infarction (MI) who had met inclusion and exclusion criteria from July 2019 and December 2019. Both STEMI & NSTEMI patients were selected as they have similar attributes. Data was collected in the coronary care unit using a preformed questionnaire. Among 98 MI patients, where 16 female and 82 male patients had average age 53±12 years. Average income rural community was around 100 USD. Almost 50% of sample were illiterate or below 5th grade. On average 6.6 hours (95% CI: 3.5-12.3) were required to reach CCU after symptom onset, whereas distance to first medical contact (FMC) was about 10.2 Km (95% CI: 6.4-16.2). Median distance to nearest PCI-capable hospital was 140 Km (IQR- 20 Km). Only 28% of patients could reach hospital within 2 hours, where 85% had onset of symptom while they were at home. Tertiary level medical college (74.5%) followed by Upazilla (Sub-urban) government health complex (22.4%) were frequent site of FMC. Principle mode of transport to hospital was CNG-three-wheeler (75% of cases). Logistic regression analysis showed only low literacy was as significant predictor about more than 2 hours pre-hospital delay (OR=2.58; p=0.043). Other factors such as low income (OR=2.51; p=0.126), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.99; p=0.059), female sex (OR=1.56; p=0.753), house wife (OR=1.88; p=0.547), previous MI (OR=1.52; p=1.000), symptom ignorance (OR=2.14; p=0.455) increases pre-hospital delay and distance to FMC <10 Km (OR=0.44; p=0.079) no significant prediction of pre-hospital delay after myocardial infarction. As rural community has less access to education low literacy has a significant impact on pre-hospital delay after myocardial infarction. So measures should be taken in rural areas through patient education and social awareness program regarding MI symptom and danger of delayed medical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alam
- Dr Md Mashiul Alam, Research Fellow, Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; E-mail:
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Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Rahman MM, Hossain MA, Tauhid F, Paul PK, Abdullah AN, Amin MR. Evaluation of Corrosion and Tarnishing of Intra-oral Nickel Chromium and Gold-alloy Cast Crown. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:862-865. [PMID: 31599252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although esthetic factors might limit by the presentation of materials used, all-metal complete cast crown should always be offered to patients requiring restoration of endodontically treated posterior tooth. The complete cast crown has the highest longevity of all fixed restorations. It could be used to rebuild a single tooth or a retainer for a fixed prosthesis. It involves all the axial walls as well as the occlusal surface of the tooth to be restored. All restorations are placed in the oral environment in contact with the gingival tissue. Thus clinicians must choose nontoxic or least toxic metal alloys, since any release of elements that might cause reactions. This study was designed to observe clinical responses of nickel chromium alloy and gold alloy cast crown and provide guidance to ascertain the best alloy for cast metal crown, which serves better functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rahman
- Dr Md Arifur Rahman, Professor of Prosthodontics and Unit Head, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Dental Unit, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Islam MS, Islam MN, Kundu SK, Islam MZ, Bhuiyan AS, Haque MM, Malek MS, Paul PK, Shaha B, Thakur AK, Wahab MA, Chowdhury UW, Bhowmick K. Serum Albumin Level and In-Hospital Outcome of Patients with First Attack Acute Myocardial Infarction. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:744-751. [PMID: 31599236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients constitute a large proportion of admissions in coronary care unit and their management and risk stratification is of immense importance. A decrease in serum albumin concentration might be associated with an increased risk in the incident of both cardiovascular diseases and worse hospital outcome. We assessed whether serum albumin levels at admission was associated with in-hospital adverse outcome in patients with first attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of the study was to evaluate association of serum albumin level with in-hospital outcome in patients with first attack of acute myocardial infarction. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2017 to February 2018. Total 374 patients of first attack of acute myocardial infarction included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample population was divided into two groups: Group I (Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum albumin <3.5gm/dl) and. Group II (Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum albumin ≥3.5gm/dl). Serum albumin level was measured within 24 hours of admission and the incidence of in-hospital major cardiac outcomes was observed. In this study mean±SD serum albumin level of Group I, Group II were 3.02±0.12gm/dl, 4.48±0.50gm/dl respectively. In Group I patient, 52(59.80%), 7(8.00%), 10(11.50%), developed heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias respectively and 8(9.20%) died and in Group II patient 20(7.90%), 7(2.80%), 8(3.20%) developed heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias respectively and 4(1.60%) died out of them and all of these outcome were statistically significant. Mean±SD duration of hospital stay of the study population according serum albumin level, in Group I, 5.76±1.83 days, in Group II, 4.40±1.22 days which was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, patient with first attack of acute myocardial infarction serum albumin level below 3.50gm/dl increased the risk of worse in-hospital outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Islam
- Dr Md Saiful Islam, MD Cardiology, Thesis Part Student, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Islam MZ, Islam MN, Bhowmik TK, Roy AK, Saha B, Hossain MS, Paul PK, Ahmed H, Islam SA, Shakil SS. Association of Low Level of High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol with Acute Coronary syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:508-512. [PMID: 30141439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in developing countries in Bangladesh with improvement of socioeconomic status, urbanization, changes of dietary habits and lifestyle. Dyslipidaemia is one of the major contributors increase CAD risk. This study was aimed to find out the association of low level HDL-C with acute coronary syndrome. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from August 2009 to May 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, hypertension, FBS, serum total cholesterol level, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglyceride level were important variable considered. A total number of 100 respondents consisted of 50 cases (patient) Group I and 50 healthy people (control) Group II. Investigations included ECG, Troponin-I, FBS and Fasting Lipid Profile. The data was analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS. Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA test used as test of significance. The mean level in cases of HDL-C 39.3±5.1 and in control level HDL-C 34.2±3.4 statistically significant (p<0.0001). In both group low concentration HDL-C (<40mg/dl) risk for CAD. Un-adjusted odds ratio 95% CI determinants of ACS, HDL-C of OR was 0.2. So, HDL-C is not protective factor. In multivariate logistic regression analysis that adjusted for confounders of HDL-C level (age, sex, smoking, hypertension, TC, LDL-C, TG) associated with ACS. HDL-C was strong predictor of ACS (RR in the highest) compared with lowest quarantile = 0.02; (95% CI=0.003-0.173; P for trend <0.0001). The study reflected that low HDL-C level associated with ACS. Categorization of patients with ACS on the basis HDL-C level may be helpful for risk stratification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- Dr Md Zahidul Islam, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Islam MZ, Islam MN, Bhowmik TK, Saha B, Hossain MS, Ahmed H, Ali MS, Shakil SS, Paul PK. Relationship between Triglyceride and HDL-C ratio with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:289-293. [PMID: 29769492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for one third of death, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause. Dyslipidaemiais one of the major contributors increased of CAD risk. This study was aimed to find out the relationship between triglyceride and HDL cholesterol ratio with acute coronary syndrome. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from August 2009 to May 2010. Smoking, hypertension, serum total cholesterol level, serum HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride (TG) level were important variable considered. A total number of 100 respondents consisted of 50 cases (patient) and 50 healthy persons (control). Investigations included ECG, Troponin-I, FBS and lipid profile. The data was analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS; Chi-square test, 't' test, ANOVA test used as test of significance. The mean level in cases of TG 168.2±88.0 vs. HDL 41.3±5.1 in control level TG 141.2±45.3 and HDL 34.2±3.4. TG/HDL ratio cases 4.2±1.7 and control 4.1±1.3. This ratio >4 is atherogenic for CAD. Unadjusted odds ratio TG/HDL ratio level high (>1). In multivariable regression analysis, TG/HDL ratio was strong relation with ACS. The study reflected that high TG/HDL ratio is associated with ACS. Categorization of patient with ACS on the basis of high TG/HDL ratio will be helpful for risk stratification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- Dr Md Zahidul Islam, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Paul PK, Rahman MM, Rahman MM, Hossain MA, Abdullah AN, Rahman MA, Hasan MM. Evaluation of Intraoral Burning Sensation in Response to Heat-Cured and Self-Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:68-73. [PMID: 29459594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective experimental clinical trial was to evaluate intraoral burning sensation in response to heat-cured and self-cured acrylic resin denture base material and carried out in the department of Prosthodontics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2014 to September 2015. Forty eight patients were evaluated in this study; of them 35(72.92%) patients were male and 13(27.08%) patients were female with age range from 24 to 70 years. In this study 48 patients were evaluated in term of burning sensation, of them 24 patients were provided with heat-cured acrylic resin denture and were considered as Group A and 24 patients were provided with self-cured acrylic resin denture and were considered as Group B. In Group A 14(58.4%) at 1st week, 2(8.4%) at 1st month, 10(41.8%) at 3rd month and 5(21.0%) at 6th month developed burning sensation. On the other hand the values were 18(75.0%), 22(91.6%), 14(58.2%) and 2(8.4%) at 1stweek, 1st month, 3rd month, and 6th month respectively. Chi-square test was done for statistical analysis and p value was <0.05. So, results were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Dr Pankaj Kumar Paul, Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthdontics, Dental Unit, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Khan MH, Islam MN, Aditya GP, Islam MZ, Bhuiyan AS, Saha B, Bhowmick K, Hassan M, Paul PK, Chowdhury S, Rahman R. Correlation of Troponin-I Level with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and In-hospital outcomes after First Attack of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:721-731. [PMID: 29208858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of heart disease and is the single most important cause of premature death in developed world. Recognizing a patient with ACS is important because the diagnosis triggers both triage and management. cTnI is 100% tissue-specific for the myocardium and it has been shown to be a very sensitive and specific marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Ventricular function is the best predictor of death after an acute coronary syndrome. It serves as a marker of myocardial damage, provides information on systolic function as well as diagnosis and prognosis. The study aimed at investigating the impact of elevated Troponin-I level on LV ejection fraction and in-hospital outcomes in patients with first attack of Non ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). This prospective analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from December 2015 to November 2016. Total 130 first attack of NSTEMI patients were included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample population was divided into two groups: Group I - Patients with first attack of NSTEMI with good LV function (LVEF: ≥55%). Group II - Patients with first attack of NSTEMI with LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF: <55%). Then Troponin-I and LVEF levels were correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficient test. In this study mean Troponin-I of Group I and Group II were 5.53±7.43 and 16.46±15.79ng/ml respectively. It was statistically significant (p<0.05). Echocardiography showed that patients with high Troponin-I level had low ejection fraction (LVEF) and patients with low Troponin-I level had preserved ejection fraction (LVEF). Analysis showed that patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <35%) had the highest level of Troponin-I with worse in-hospital outcomes and vice versa-the patients with the preserved systolic function (LVEF ≥55%) had the lowest levels of Troponin-I with better in-hospital outcomes. In our study, it also showed that the levels of Troponin-I had negative correlation with LV ejection fraction levels, with medium strength of association (r= -0.5394, p=0.001). The study enabled us to conclude that, the higher was the Troponin-I level, the lower was the LV ejection fraction level and thus worse in-hospital outcomes in first attack of NSTEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Khan
- Dr Mahmood Hasan Khan, MD (Thesis) Student, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Paul
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
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Bhuvaneshwari V, Goel N, Paul PK. Protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions mediate induction of defense genes by fruit extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plant Cell Rep 2015; 34:1735-1745. [PMID: 26063614 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates that induction of defense-related genes in tomato by neem extract was mediated by protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions. The induction of elicitor-mediated defense responses in plants is known, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its induction are not well studied. In the present study, third node leaf from the base of aseptically raised tomato plants was treated with aqueous fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem). Samples were collected from the treated node at 24-h intervals for up to 96 h and analyzed for the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (POX) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), β-actin (standard). Samples were collected from elicitor-induced node at 5-min interval up to 70 min for analysis of protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions. The results demonstrated the induction of expression of PAL, POX and PPO due to the treatment whereas no change was observed in the expression of β-actin. There was disappearance of lower molecular weight proteins which cross-linked with other proteins to form complexes. MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed the interaction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The analysis of proteins interacted with DNA after induction by neem extract indicated the involvement of WRKY transcriptional factors. Neem-elicited defense responses could possibly due to interaction of proteins with other proteins and transcription factors with DNA which might be crucial in enhancing the expression of defense-related genes (PAL, POX and PPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhuvaneshwari
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Goel
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Express Highway, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Express Highway, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Saha J, Datta Roy A, Dey D, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee D, Paul PK, Hussain SA. Investigation of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between Fluorescein and Rhodamine 6G. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 149:143-149. [PMID: 25956326 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between two organic dyes Fluorescein and Rhodamine 6G was investigated in aqueous solution in presence and absence of synthetic clay laponite. Spectroscopic studies suggest that both the dyes were present mainly as monomer in solution. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer occurred from Fluorescein to Rhodamine 6G in solutions. Energy transfer efficiency increases in presence of laponite and the maximum efficiency was 72.00% in aqueous laponite dispersion. Energy transfer efficiency was found to be pH sensitive. It has been demonstrated that with proper calibration it is possible to use the present system under investigation to sense pH over a wide range from 1.5 to 8.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaba Saha
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Arpan Datta Roy
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Dibyendu Dey
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - P K Paul
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Syed Arshad Hussain
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
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Bari MI, Sharmin LS, Paul PK. Validity of Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test for the Diagnosis of β-Thalassemia –A Case Control Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3329/taj.v24i1.37440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted at the department of paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over a period of 2 years to see the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Naked Eye Single Tube Red cell Osmotic Fragility (NESTROF) test for the diagnosis of β-thalassemia. Fifty eight children with β- thalassemia were taken as case and 58 children were taken as control. Among the control 29 children were normal (without anaemia) and 29 children had anaemia other than β-thalassemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was done to all children to enroll them as case or control. Then NESTROF test was performed in all cases and controls. The data was analyzed by SPSS V.12. This study showed that sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of NESTROF test was 96.55%, 72.41%, 77.77% and 95.45% respectively.
TAJ 2011; 24(1): 1-5
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Hussain SA, Paul PK, Bhattacharjee D. Role of microenvironment in the mixed Langmuir–Blodgett films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 299:785-90. [PMID: 16580008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the pi-A isotherms and spectroscopic characteristics of mixed Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of nonamphiphilic carbazole (CA) molecules mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and stearic acid (SA). pi-A isotherm studies of mixed monolayer as well as the remarkable change in collapse pressure of the mixed monolayer isotherms definitely show that CA is incorporated into PMMA and SA matrices. However, CA is stacked in the PMMA/SA chains and forms microcrystalline aggregates, as is evidenced from the scanning electron micrograph picture. The nature of these aggregated species in the mixed LB films has been revealed by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The presence of two different kinds of band systems in the fluorescence spectra of the mixed LB films have been observed. This may be due to the formation of low-dimensional aggregates in the mixed LB films. Intensity distribution of different band systems is highly sensitive to the microenvironment of two different matrices as well as also on the film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hussain
- Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799130, Tripura, India
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Abstract
The performance of a fiber-optic sensor and its overall cost depend on the packaging of the sensor. Alignment of different optical, optoelectronic, and mechanical components is a key problem in the package design of a fiber-optic sensor. An intensity based fiber-optic sensor that can be used as a refractive-index or displacement sensor is considered as a case study in analyzing the effects of alignment on the performance of a fiber-optic sensor. Alignability of this sensor package is defined and calculated, taking into account the coupling efficiency and effects of various misalignments. Guidelines for making the package so that the fiber-optic sensor works more efficiently are developed from our calculations.
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16
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Misro MM, Jena S, Paul PK. Effect of vitamin A excess on germ cell development in prepubertal rat testis. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:576-80. [PMID: 9357159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A in graded doses of 125, 250 and 375 U.S.P./kg body wt, po, for 10 days (d 21-30) drastically reduced the testicular weight by 25 to 62% and seminiferous tubular diameter by 14 to 35% in prepubertal rats in lowest and highest doses of the treatment. The treatment induced disproportionate enlargement of nuclei and cytoplasm of the germ cells; predominantly the preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes. These abnormal germ cells, often with 2 or 3 nuclei displayed vacuolated cytoplasm surrounding pyknotic or granulated or dispersed chromatin granules within the nuclei in a dose proportionate manner. The round spermatids were the most sensitive cell types which completely disappeared in two higher doses of treatment. Vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm in about 25% of the tubules with associated increase in intertubular space was also observed in rats treated with the highest dose of the vitamin. Circulatory levels of FSH, LH and testosterone remained unaltered following the vitamin excess treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that excess vitamin A even for shorter duration like the present one is detrimental to developing cell types and prevents the progress of the spermatogenic process beyond the round spermatid stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Misro
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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17
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Singh A, Mishra S, Rao MK, Paul PK. Regulatory role of cortisone and dietary carbohydrate energy in prepubertal rat mammary gland growth and development. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:27-32. [PMID: 9279129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Role of cortisone and regulated carbohydrate energy in mammary gland growth, based on studies of morphometric and certain growth and energy related biochemical parameters has been evaluated in the adrenalectomized prepubertal female rat. Results showed improvement or restoration of mammary features like fat pad weight, area, duct system and sprouting of end and lateral buds by cortisone treatment from adrenalectomy induced suppressed state. Similarly the hormone rectified the gland nucleic acids, glycogen and rate of tissue oxidation of glucose levels, reduced under adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy caused loss of appetite (33.5% less than normal intake). This amount of diet restriction to normal intact did not affect the gland morphology but reduced nucleic acids, protein, glycogen and glucose oxidation rate. Provision of dextrose mixed diet to the adrenalectomized rats showed variable improvements of these biochemical parameters except the gland protein level in association with increase in appetite. However, cortisone therapy under provision of dextrose supply, restored gland protein level and increased further in nucleic acids, glycogen and glucose oxidation rate. The morphological growth parameters with dextrose and cortisone also showed further improvements. Results suggested that glucocorticoid was essential mammary growth factor during prepubertal ages. The hormone appeared to operate via tissue metabolism and stimulating energy intake through appetite stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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18
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Arora R, Mishra S, Paul PK. Role of adrenal in establishment and development of conceptus in unilaterally ovariectomized mated rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1994; 32:382-6. [PMID: 7959909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The model of unilateral ovariectomy induced ovarian compensatory hypertrophy in mated bilaterally adrenalectomized rats was used to assess the role of adrenal in conceptus development. Replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) or corticosterone (Comp. B) from day 2-14 post coitum was given with or without ip injections of estrogen (E, on day 2) and progesterone (P, on day 3 or 3-9). Replacement of adrenal hormones failed to support ipsilateral uterine horn (IP) pregnancy. But injections of E2 and P support IH pregnancy in variable percentages (about 38-75%) of rats depending on the type of adrenal steroids and single or multiple doses of P. Contralateral horn (CH) pregnancy developed under any of these conditions. Adrenalectomy induced reduction of fetal weight and pregnancy index (No. of fetus divided by No. of implantation sites), were not significantly improved by adrenal hormone replacement, except pregnancy index of those animals which received Comp. B and P. Adrenalectomy inhibited compensatory increase of contralateral corpus luteum (CL) volume and ovarian delta 5(3)beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (delta 5(3)beta-HSD) activity. Replacement of DHA or Comp. B induced these compensatory changes. Comp. B and P appears to be a better combination in establishment of IH pregnancy, pregnancy index maintenance and stimulation of ovarian compensatory changes. Results suggest that adrenocorticoids were not obligatory for conceptus development but were important for efficient action of ovarian steroids in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Relationship between nutrition or pituitary gonadotropins and adrenal steroids, having relevance to conceptus development has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arora
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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Arora R, Paul PK, Mishra S. Need of dietary energy at critical implantation time when local ovarian hormones are obligatory for conceptus development. Indian J Exp Biol 1993; 31:797-802. [PMID: 8276430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Role of dietary energy and local ovarian hormones in conceptus development in the rat was evaluated by giving ip injections of estrogen and progesterone under diet restricted and/or dextrose supplemented conditions, using the experimental model of ovarian compensatory hypertrophy. Replacement of estrogen on day 2 and progesterone on day 3 was necessary for conceptus development in the ipsilateral uterine horn after unilateral ovariectomy on day 2. Continuation of progesterone injection up to day 9 improved the percentage of conceptus development. Conceptus development was normal when unilateral ovariectomy was performed after day 2 of pregnancy. Compensatory increases in corpus luteum (CL) volume and the activity of delta 5 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) in contralateral ovary were observed after unilateral ovariectomy on day 2-4 of pregnancy. However, 70% diet restriction reducing the energy intake (from 90 to 27 kcal/rat/day) abolished the single dose hormone therapy effects in ipsilateral horn conceptus development and also reduced the effects of continued progesterone, percentage of contralateral horn conceptus development, compensatory changes in the CL volume and delta 5 3 beta-HSD activity of the contralateral ovary. However, dietary dextrose supplementation (increasing calorie intake from 27 to 56 kcal/rat/day) significantly improved/restored hormone response for conceptus development, compensatory changes of the CL volume and enzyme activity in contralateral ovary. The results suggest that day 2-3 of pregnancy is the critical time when local ovarian supply of estrogen and progesterone are obligatory for establishment and conceptus development in the rat. During this period adequate mobilizable source of energy is necessary for execution of hormonal message.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arora
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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20
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Abstract
Viable bovine nasal cartilage was examined with magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. Digestion of the proteoglycan matrix by papain or trypsin was accompanied by substantial changes in carbon-13, sodium-23, and hydrogen-1 MR spectra and relaxation parameters, with C-13 MR spectra showing the most pronounced changes. These results indicate the potential of MR spectroscopy (and imaging) for noninvasive evaluation of cartilage disease and monitoring of patients with degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
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21
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Abstract
Signal intensity (SI) of individual pixels on sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of normal human knee cartilage was quantified to investigate whether it was related to cartilage proteoglycan content. In five subjects, images were acquired with spin-echo sequences with a TR msec/TE msec of 1,000 or 700/20 and a three-dimensional gradient-echo (GRE) sequence (60/15). In a sixth subject, the GRE sequence alone was used with 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 50 degrees flip angles. In all subjects, SI was maximal in pixel layers of the medial zone and minimal at both cartilage edges, resulting in the presence of a bell-shaped curve of interpixel (zonal) SI variation across the cartilage thickness. The magnitude of SI was dependent on the pulse sequence and flip angle, but the bell shape of the SI variation curve was independent of them. For example, in the medial tibial cartilage, the peak SI was highest with the 1,000/20 spin-echo sequence, intermediate with the 700/20 sequence, and lowest with the GRE sequence. The differences were statistically significant. The bell-shaped SI variation curve resembled the curve for zonal variation in cartilage proteoglycan content but not the curves for collagen or free water content. The physiologic basis for this resemblance and the potential usefulness of the findings for early diagnosis of diseases such as osteoarthritis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Anti-Inflammatory/Pulmonary Group, Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Summitt, NJ 07901-1328
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Wilson D, Paul PK, Roberts ED, Blancuzzi V, Gronlund-Jacob J, Vosbeck K, DiPasquale G, O'Byrne EM. Magnetic resonance imaging and morphometric quantitation of cartilage histology after chronic infusion of interleukin 1 in rabbit knees. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993; 203:30-7. [PMID: 8475136 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-203-43569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage pathology in rabbit knees was monitored by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated using morphometric histologic measurements. Infusion of rabbit knees with the cytokine interleukin 1 induces cartilage degradation and inflammation. A miniosmotic pump was implanted subcutaneously to deliver interleukin 1 through a polyethylene catheter inserted into the rabbit knee. Rabbit knees were imaged using MRI and prepared for histologic examination at 5 and 12 days after chronic infusion of interleukin 1. MRI obtained 0.7-mm sections for three-dimensional reconstruction of cartilage image. Cartilage deterioration near the site of infusion was visible on MRI. MRI measurements indicated a reduction in cartilage thickness. Histology revealed a loss of staining of cartilage matrix proteoglycan, synovial hypertrophy, and perichondral bone resorption. Morphometric analysis of cartilage histology indicated a reduction in both cellularity (chondrocytes/m mu 2 area) and cell to matrix area ratio. These observations suggest that a loss of proteoglycan, an early event in cartilage degeneration, can be detected by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wilson
- Research Department, Ciba-Geigy Corp., Summit, New Jersey 07901
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23
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O'Byrne EM, Paul PK, Roberts ED, Blancuzzi V, Wilson D, Goldberg RL, DiPasquale G. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology in rabbit models of osteoarthritis and immune arthritis. Agents Actions 1993; 39 Spec No:C157-9. [PMID: 8273555 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis was surgically induced in mature male Dutch Belted rabbits by sectioning the fibular collateral and sesamoid ligaments and removal of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The site of surgical intervention was detectable by MRI. Histopathologic analysis revealed severe focal cartilage lesions on opposing surfaces of the tibia and femur. Histology of cartilage adjacent to the osteoarthritic lesions appeared normal. In another animal model, arthritis was induced by immunization against ovalbumin followed by intra-articular injection of ovalbumin. MRI of immune arthritic rabbit knees showed accumulation of synovial fluid and cartilage degradation. Histopathology was characterized by vascular necrosis of the synovium and depletion of cartilage proteoglycan. MRI can be used to non-invasively follow the therapeutic effects of drug treatment on synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation in rabbit knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M O'Byrne
- Research Department, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
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24
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Nagarajaram HA, Paul PK, Ramanarayanan K, Soman KV, Ramakrishnan C. Conformational studies on beta-bend containing a cis peptide unit. Int J Pept Protein Res 1992; 40:383-94. [PMID: 1483833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conformational studies have been carried out on the X-cis-Pro tripeptide system (a system of three linked peptide units, in the trans-cis-trans configuration) using energy minimization techniques. For X, residues Gly, L-Ala, D-Ala and L-Pro have been used. The energy minima have been classified into different groups based upon the conformational similarity. There are 15, 20, 18 and 6 minima that are possible for the four cases respectively and these fall into 11 different groups. A study of these minima shows that, (i) some minima contain hydrogen bonds--either 4-->1 or 1-->2 type, (ii) the low energy minima qualify themselves as bend conformations, (iii) cis' and trans' conformations are possible for the prolyl residue as also the C gamma-endo and C gamma-exo puckerings, and (iv) for Pro-cis-Pro, cis' at the first prolyl residue is ruled out, due to the high energy. The available crystal structure data on proteins and peptides, containing cis-Pro segment have been examined with a view to find the minima that occur in solid state. The data from protein show that they fall under two groups. The conformation at X in X-cis-Pro is near extended when it is a non-glycyl residue. In both peptides and proteins there exists a preference for trans' conformation at prolyl residue over cis' when X is a non-glycyl residue. The minima obtained can be useful in modelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Nagarajaram
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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25
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O'Byrne EM, Paul PK, Blancuzzi V, Wilson D, Gunson D, Wang JZ, Mezrich RS, Douglas FL. Magnetic resonance imaging of the rabbit knee: detection of cartilage proteoglycan degradation. Agents Actions 1991; 34:214-6. [PMID: 1793033 DOI: 10.1007/bf01993283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intra-articular (i.a.) injection of papain causes a reversible loss of proteoglycan in intact rabbit knees. Twelve rabbits were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after 5 units of papain i.a. in a 1.5 Tesla Signa with a three inch surface coil using spin echo sequence. Total cartilage thickness in proton density images was 1.08 +/- 0.09 mm prior to papain injection. The magnetic resonance images showed a reduction in articular cartilage thickness in papain-treated rabbit femurs at 24 hours to 0.69 +/- 0.18 mm and partial restoration by 72 hours to 0.77 +/- 0.21 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M O'Byrne
- CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Research Department, Summit, NJ 07901
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26
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Saxena N, Paul PK. Involvement of dietary glucose in adrenal steroidal regulation of spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities in prepubertal rat testis. Indian J Exp Biol 1991; 29:605-10. [PMID: 1839018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary and supplemented dextrose energy on the role of corticosterone (Comp. B) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in spermatogenic and steroidogenic activity in the bilaterally adrenalectomised prepubertal rat testis were studied. Adrenalectomy reduced the body and testis weight, numbers of the stage VII cell types [spermatogonia A (A), preleptotene (PL) and pachytene (P) spermatocytes and step 7 spermatid (7)], testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-OH-SDH) activity and serum testosterone. Adrenalectomy also caused reduction of energy intake due to loss of appetite which was stimulated by hormone replacement therapy. Treatment of adrenalectomised rats with DNA or corticosterone enhanced the spermatocyte population and the enzyme activity, especially after 30 days of age. Dextrose supplementation with hormone treatment however, did not produce significant additive effect on stage VII cell counts, but delta 5-3 beta-OH-SDH activity showed additive effect in this age group. Results suggest that adrenal steroids regulate testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis during the prepubertal ages by modifying the supply of dietary glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saxena
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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28
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Paul PK, O'Byrne E, Blancuzzi V, Wilson D, Gunson D, Douglas FL, Wang JZ, Mezrich RS. Magnetic resonance imaging reflects cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the rabbit knee. Skeletal Radiol 1991; 20:31-6. [PMID: 2000502 DOI: 10.1007/bf00243718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis is initiated by a loss of proteoglycan. Intra-articular injection of papain causes a reversible loss of proteoglycan in rabbit knees. Rabbits were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using a 1.5T Signa superconducting magnet with 3 inch surface coil. Spin echo sequences were performed in the coronal and sagittal planes at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after intra-articular injection of papain to obtain T1, proton density, and T2-weighted images. Cartilage proteoglycan content was measured biochemically and histochemically. Reduced articular cartilage thickness in the MR images of papain-treated knees corresponded to changes in cartilage proteoglycan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Research Department, Summit, New Jersey 07901
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Baker BI, Kinsman RG, Moss CA, White PD, Paul PK, Brown DW, Campbell MM, Osguthorpe DJ. Structure-activity studies with fragments and analogous of salmonid melanin-concentrating hormone. Peptides 1990; 11:1103-8. [PMID: 2087435 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(90)90137-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of cyclic and linear fragments and analogues of MCH were synthesized and their biological potencies tested using the isolated carp scale melanophore assay. In this system the cyclic portion MCH(5-14) exhibited only 0.1% bioactivity, which was markedly enhanced by the addition of the exocyclic sequences MCH(15-17) and MCH(1-4). The exocyclic sequence itself, MCH(1-4,15-17), had minimal activity, however. Substitution of Tyr11 with phenylalanine reduced the potency of the ring structure MCH(5-14) by about 4-fold. Substitution of Gly8 with D-alanine reduced the potency of MCH(5-14) 16-fold, while both substitutions together caused a still more marked reduction (200-fold) in bioactivity. Linearized fragments of MCH, extending from MCH(15-17) to [Cys(Acm)5,14]MCH(1-17), showed a progressive increase in potency. The linearized forms of MCH, MCH(5-17) and MCH(5-14), were approximately 100-fold or less potent than their cyclic forms. The significant increases in bioactivity produced by the addition of the C- and N-terminal exocyclic sequence even to these linearized forms further emphasizes the importance of these regions for interaction at the receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, Bath University, U.K
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Paul PK, Burney PA, Campbell MM, Osguthorpe DJ. The conformational preferences of gamma-lactam and its role in constraining peptide structure. J Comput Aided Mol Des 1990; 4:239-53. [PMID: 2280262 DOI: 10.1007/bf00125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The conformational constraints imposed by gamma-lactams in peptides have been studied using valence force field energy calculations and flexible geometry maps. It has been found that while cyclisation restrains the psi of the lactam, non-bonded interactions contribute to the constraints on psi of the lactam. The gamma-lactam also affects the (psi, psi) of the residue after it in a peptide sequence. For an L-lactam, the ring geometry restricts psi to about -120 degrees, and psi has two minima, the lowest energy around -140 degrees and a higher minimum (5 kcal/mol higher) at 60 degrees, making an L-gamma-lactam more favourably accommodated in a near extended conformation than in position 2 of a type II' beta-turn. The energy of the psi approximately +60 degrees minimum can be lowered substantially until it is more favoured than the -140 degrees minimum by progressive substitution of bulkier groups on the amide N of the L-gamma-lactam. The (psi, psi) maps of the residue succeeding a gamma-lactam show subtle differences from those of standard N-methylated residues. The dependence of the constraints on the chirality of gamma-lactams and N-substituted gamma-lactams, in terms of the formation of secondary structures like beta-turns is discussed and the comparison of the theoretical conformations with experimental results is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Molecular Graphics Unit, University of Bath, U.K
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31
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Brown DW, Campbell MM, Kinsman RG, White PD, Moss CA, Osguthorpe DJ, Paul PK, Baker BI. Melanin-concentrating hormone: a structural and conformational study based on synthesis, biological activity, high-field NMR, and molecular modeling techniques. Biopolymers 1990; 29:609-22. [PMID: 2331517 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) fragments have been synthesized and their biological activities compared with the parent peptide. The substructural units, 5-14 linear and 5-14 cyclic, have been used as models for MCH-- H-Asp1-Thr-Met-Arg-Cys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg HO-Val17-Glu-Trp-Cys-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Val in 1H-nmr conformational studies. Conformational features predicted by molecular dynamics analyses find support in the nmr experiments.
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Paul PK, Dauber-Osguthorpe P, Campbell MM, Brown DW, Kinsman RG, Moss C, Osguthorpe DJ. Accessible conformations of melanin-concentrating hormone: a molecular dynamics approach. Biopolymers 1990; 29:623-37. [PMID: 2331518 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to search for the accessible conformations of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). The studies have been performed on native MCH and two of its peptide fragments, a cyclic MCH(5-14) fragment and a linear MCH(5-14) fragment. An analysis of the molecular dynamics trajectories of the three peptides indicates that two regions of the peptide have characteristic conformational properties that may be important for the biological activity. One is a region around Gly8, which is conformationally mobile, and the other is around Pro13, which shows unusual rigidity. The molecular dynamics simulation results are discussed in terms of backbone structural features like beta turns, side-chain interactions, and orientations of the disulfide bridge. The results of this analysis are used to suggest new analogues that will modify the conformational features of the peptide and further define the conformational requirements for activity. Finally, the results are related to nmr studies of the peptide and reveal agreements between the experimental nuclear Overhauser effect constraints and some of the accessible conformations obtained from the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Molecular Graphics Unit, University of Bath, Avon, England
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Paul PK, Dauber-Osguthorpe P, Campbell MM, Osguthorpe DJ. A novel beta-turn location in an LHRH antagonist: a combined conformational search and molecular dynamics study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 165:1051-8. [PMID: 2692558 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 50 pico-second molecular dynamics simulation on a cyclic LHRH antagonist analogue Ac-D-Phe1-D-Phe2-D-Trp3-Ser4-Glu5-D-Arg6-Leu7-Lys8+ ++-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2 (where the cyclisation is via an amide linkage between the Glu5 and Lys8 side chains), reveals some hitherto unseen conformational features. The LHRH analogue is found to adopt a near beta-sheet type of conformation with the reversal in the chain being brought about by a D-Trp3-Ser4-Glu5-D-Arg6 beta turn. The N- and C-terminal ends of the peptide come close together and interact through a network of hydrogen bonds. Additional hydrogen bonds expected of a sheet type of conformation stabilise the lowest energy minima. A conformational search of all possible cyclic structures of a model system c(Glu-D-Ala-Ala-Lys) which was used to determine the starting structure for the simulation studies of the cyclic LHRH antagonist analogue is also highlighted. The influence of the cyclic part on the conformation of this LHRH analogue is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Molecular Graphics Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bath, U.K
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34
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Saxena N, Paul PK. Role of adrenal in maintenance of spermatogenesis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:932-6. [PMID: 2978292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Horn L, Krajewski WS, Paul PK, Song MJ, Sydor MJ. Computerized 3-D reconstruction of small blood vessels from high voltage electron-micrographs of thick serial cross sections. Adv Exp Med Biol 1988; 242:35-42. [PMID: 3245513 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8935-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Morphological analysis of compartments in terms of volumes and the orientation of the cells and their nuclei within very small mesenteric arteries and arterioles is being carried out. Samples were from simultaneously sham operated and instrumented control and one-clip two kidney Goldblatt sustained (30 days) hypertensive dogs. Collection of specimens was standardized, i.e. sampling location, perfusion fixation, embedding, staining, and sectioning by methods proven to preserve in vivo dimensions. Serial thick cross sections (0.5 mu) were subjected to high voltage electromicrography (1.0 MeV) at 2500x and then linearly enlarged 3x photographically. The glossy micrographs (7500x) were made into montages and the contours of the smooth muscle layer (vascular smooth muscle), the endothelium (E), nuclei (N), and the internal lamina (IL) were digitized on a large GTCO digi-pad with input to a microcomputer (PC-Limited, Turbo) equipped with a 20 MB hard disk and coprocessor. Solid and transparent image reconstructions and computerized dissection of cell compartments were performed. Compartment volumes of vascular smooth muscle, IL, E and N, and individual cell and nuclear volumes, as well as nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios were calculated. Image reconstructions are presented. The emphasis is on methods and these are discussed in terms of useability for determining accurate microvessel morphology in health and disease, with particular emphasis on assessment of hypertrophy and hyperplasia in experimental hypertension, and architectural angiogenesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Horn
- Department of Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103
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Saxena N, Paul PK. Influence of adrenocortical hormones on the onset of spermatogenesis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1987; 25:296-301. [PMID: 2959619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
An energy term, representing the N-H...O type of hydrogen bond, which is a function of the hydrogen bond length (R) and angle (theta) has been introduced in an energy minimization program, taking into consideration its interpolation with the non-bonded energy for borderline values of R and theta. The details of the mathematical formulation of the derivatives of the hydrogen bond function as applicable to the energy minimization have been given. The minimization technique has been applied to hydrogen bonded two and three linked peptide units (gamma-turns and beta-turns), and having Gly, Ala and Pro side chains. Some of the conformational highlights of the resulting minimum energy conformations are a) the occurrence of the expected 4----1 hydrogen bond in all of the burn-turn tripeptide sequences and b) the presence of an additional 3----1 hydrogen bond in some of the type I and II tripeptides with the hydrogen bonding scheme in such type I beta-turns occurring in a bifurcated form. These and other conformational features have been discussed in the light of experimental evidence and theoretical predictions of other workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Paul
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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Khurana R, Paul PK. Inefficiency of underfed rat to execute hormonal message for pregnancy maintenance. Indian J Exp Biol 1983; 21:289-91. [PMID: 6667982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hariprasad MK, Reddy K, Paul PK, Eisinger RP, Raju GS. Ascitic ultrafiltration. Treatment for intractable congestive cardiomyopathy. N Y State J Med 1982; 82:28-9. [PMID: 6950246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hariprasad MK, Paul PK, Eisinger RB, Gary NE, Timins JE, Miller JW. Extracorporeal diaglysis of ascites. A new technique. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141:1550-1. [PMID: 7283573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Duttagupta PN, Paul PK. Importance of estrogen over progesterone or adrenocorticosteroids in maintenance of physiological state of pregnancy in adrenalectomized rat. Indian J Exp Biol 1977; 15:699-702. [PMID: 611086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN. Beneficial or harmful effects of a large dose of vitamin C on the reproductive organs of the male rat depending upon the level of food intake. Indian J Exp Biol 1977; 16:18-21. [PMID: 615121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Paul PK, Sarathchandran K. Estrogen-induced responses in non-pregnant rats compared with changes in pair-fed & vitamin C treated pregnant rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1976; 14:77-81. [PMID: 992753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN. The effect of an acute dose of biotin at a post-implantation stage and its relation with female sex steriods in the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1976; 22:181-6. [PMID: 966075 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.22.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An acute dose (10 mg/100 g body weight) of biotin at the post-implantation stage (day 14 and 15) inhibited the fetal and placental growth, and in few rats it also caused resorption of fetuses and placentae. The maintenance of pregnancy with normal fetal and placental growth was effected with estrogen therapy, but progesterone failed to correct the biotin-induced effect. The uterine and placental glycogen, RNA and protein levels, as well as, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the ovary, liver and uterus showed a reduction following biotin treatment. Estrogen therapy under such conditions corrected these adverse effects of biotin overdose, while progesterone had no significant effects. The study suggests that the acute dose of biotin at an advance stage of pregnancy may cause adverse effects on the physiological regulation of gestation, possibly by creating deficiency of estrogen and gestagen. The possible role of estrogen in the fetal and placental growth and regulation of gestagen secretion is discussed.
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN. The effect of an acute dose of biotin at the pre-implantation stage and its relation with female sex steroids in the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1975; 21:89-101. [PMID: 1171166 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.21.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An acute dose of biotin (10 mg/100 g body weight) in two subcutaneous injections when given to a rat on day 1 and 2 of pregnancy, caused resorption of fetuses and placentae. Pregnancies under such biotin-treated conditions were maintained by continued estrogen or progesterone therapy. Biotin-treated pregnant rats failed to maintain normal levels of uterine weight, glycogen and protein as well as hepatic protein concomitantly with the loss of pregnancy. Estrogen therapy under such conditions improved all the parameters in these organs including the placenta, but progesterone therapy did not. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in ovary, adrenal, liver and uterus was also reduced following biotin-induced loss of pregnancy which had been improved by estrogen or progesterone therapy. Nevertheless, estrogen was superior to progesterone in stimulating the enzyme activity in these organs excepting the adrenal. As far as the tissue response to biotin, estrogen or progesterone in the nonpregnant rat is concerned, biotin and progesterone exerted a suppressing effect on uterine glycogen and protein and also on liver protein, while estrogen stimulated them. Similarly biotin and progesterone adversely affected G-6-PD activity in all the organs studied except the liver and adrenal. Estrogen stimulated the enzyme activity in all these organs but adrenal. The study suggests that the primary reason for an acute dose of biotin-induced loss of pregnancy is blockage of estrogen production, which probably regulates endogenous progesterone secretion. The associated metabolic derangements are probably secondary to estrogen deficiency and are discussed.
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN, Agarwal HC. Letter: Antifertility effect of biotin and its amelioration by estrogen in the female rat. CURR SCI INDIA 1973; 42:613-5. [PMID: 4804746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN. Inhibition of oestrogen-induced increase in hepatic and uterine glycogen by progesterone in the rat. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1973; 72:762-70. [PMID: 4739590 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0720762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effects of progesterone in two different doses (2 mg and 4 mg/rat/day) given alone and in combination with 17β-oestradiol (0.5 μg/rat/day) for 21 days, on ovariectomized rat liver and uterine glycogen were investigated. The food intake and blood glucose level were also studied under these experimental conditions. The liver and uterine glycogen and weight increased during the oestrous stage of the normal rat and following oestrogen treatment of the ovariectomized rat. Progesterone when given in combination with oestrogen inhibited the oestrogen-induced increase in glycogen of these organs and also the weight of the uterus proportionally to the doses. Moreover, progesterone by itself reduced both the concentration and total uterine glycogen of the ovariectomized rat. The food intake and blood glucose level of ovariectomized animals increased after the administration of progesterone alone or in combination with oestrogen. Nevertheless, progesterone alone was more effective in increasing the food intake than in combination with oestrogen, while it was less effective in raising the blood glucose level. It can be concluded from this study that progesterone inhibits the glycogenic effects of oestrogen in the liver and uterus of the ovariectomized rat. Moreover, progesterone by itself inhibits uterine glycogen accumulation in these animals. This glycogenolytic effect of progesterone occurs in the presence of hyperphagia and hyperglycaemia. A possible involvement of the adrenal medulla in these conditions is discussed.
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Paul PK, Duttagupta PN, Agarwal HC. Effects of an acute dose of biotin on the reproductive organs of the female rat. CURR SCI INDIA 1973; 42:206-8. [PMID: 4807697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effects of oestradiol (0.5 μ/rat/day) given for a variable period on rat liver were investigated, and the results were compared with those of untreated pregnant rats at different stages of pregnancy. The part played by the adrenal under these conditions was also investigated. Oestrogen treatment for 14 and 21 days in intact rats reduced the liver glycogen. A corresponding reduction in food intake was noted during these days. However, a rebound rise in liver glycogen occurred after 28 days of oestrogen administration. In contrast, the ovariectomized animals did not show any change in liver glycogen following steroid treatment. During pregnancy the total liver glycogen increased after the first week, but returned to the normal level on day twenty one. The adrenal and serum cholesterol levels in oestrogen treated and pregnant rats remained low except for an increase in serum cholesterol on day 21 of gestation and 7 days after oestrogen treatment. The study suggests that continued oestrogen treatment of non-pregnant rats probably maintains some endogenous factor(s) (progesterone) for about 21 days, which antagonizes the effect of oestrogen administration on hepatic glycogen deposition. The implications of liver glycogen changes during pregnancy in relation to progesterone levels and dietary intake are discussed.
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