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van der Velden AIM, IJpelaar DHT, Chandie Shaw PK, Pijl H, Vink H, van der Vlag J, Rabelink TJ, van den Berg BM. Role of dietary interventions on microvascular health in South-Asian Surinamese people with type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:17. [PMID: 38600065 PMCID: PMC11006941 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated whether dietary interventions, i.e. a fasting mimicking diet (FMD, Prolon®) or glycocalyx mimetic supplementation (EndocalyxTM) could stabilize microvascular function in Surinamese South-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (SA-T2DM) in the Netherlands, a patient population more prone to develop vascular complications. SUBJECTS/METHODS A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-arm intervention study was conducted in 56 SA-T2DM patients between 18 and 75 years old, for 3 consecutive months, with one additional follow up measurement 3 months after the last intervention. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed with SDF-imaging coupled to the GlycoCheckTM software, detecting red blood cell velocity, capillary density, static and dynamic perfused boundary region (PBR), and the overall microvascular health score (MVHS). Linear mixed models and interaction analysis were used to investigate the effects the interventions had on microvascular function. RESULTS Despite a temporal improvement in BMI and HbA1c after FMD the major treatment effect on microvascular health was worsening for RBC-velocity independent PBRdynamic, especially at follow-up. Glycocalyx supplementation, however, reduced urinary MCP-1 presence and improved both PBRdynamic and MVHSdynamic, which persisted at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We showed that despite temporal beneficial changes in BMI and HbA1c after FMD, this intervention is not able to preserve microvascular endothelial health in Dutch South-Asian patients with T2DM. In contrast, glycocalyx mimetics preserves the microvascular endothelial health and reduces the inflammatory cytokine MCP-1. CLINICAL STUDY REGISTRATION NCT03889236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk I M van der Velden
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne H T IJpelaar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Green Heart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Prataap K Chandie Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MicroVascular Health Solutions LLC, Alpine, Utah, USA
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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El-Magd ES, Schouten RW, Nadort E, Shaw PKC, Smets YFC, Vleming LJ, Dekker FW, Broekman BFP, Honig A, Siegert CEH. Dialysis withdrawal and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:219. [PMID: 37488483 PMCID: PMC10367409 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important aspect of end-of-life decisions in dialysis patients is elective withdrawal from dialysis therapy. Several studies have shown that clinical factors, such as comorbidity, play a role in dialysis withdrawal. The role of symptoms of anxiety and depression is largely unknown. The. METHODS A prospective multi-center study has been set up to investigate anxiety and depressive symptoms longitudinally in dialysis patients. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were investigated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as baseline. Adverse events, including dialysis withdrawal and mortality were registered during follow-up. Multivariable cox proportional hazard models were used with anxiety and depression as the independent variable and dialysis withdrawal as the outcome variable. Models included age, sex, ethnicity and a set of clinical comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 687 patients were included between 2012 and 2017, with a median follow-up of 3.2 years. A total of 48 patients (7%) withdrew from dialysis therapy, and subsequently deceased. Anxiety and depressive symptoms at baseline showed an association with dialysis withdrawal with hazard ratios of 2.31 (1.09-4.88) for anxiety and 2.56 (1.27-5.15) for depressive symptoms, independent of somatic comorbidities. DISCUSSION Withdrawal from dialysis therapy is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Dialysis patients with more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms were more vulnerable for dialysis withdrawal. Insight in factors that play a role in dialysis withdrawal could aid patients and clinicians making an informed decision and develop clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S El-Magd
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robbert W Schouten
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Nadort
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yves F C Smets
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis-Jean Vleming
- Department of Nephrology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Honig
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl E H Siegert
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rijnink EC, Chandie Shaw PK. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in Leptospirosis. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:e71. [PMID: 36577101 DOI: 10.1056/nejmicm2202675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nadort E, Schouten RW, Luijkx X, Shaw PKC, van Ittersum FJ, Smets YF, Vleming LJ, Dekker FW, Broekman BF, Siegert CE. Symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis compared to haemodialysis. ARCH ESP UROL 2022; 42:259-269. [PMID: 35383509 DOI: 10.1177/08968608221086734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in symptom burden, treatment satisfaction and autonomy between patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis could be reflected by a difference in symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression. The aim of this study is to assess differences in prevalence and symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression between patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. METHODS Baseline data from the Depression Related Factors and Outcomes in Dialysis Patients With Various Ethnicities and Races Study were used. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory- second edition. Linear and logistic regression models were used to compare anxiety and depression total scores and somatic and subjective/cognitive symptom dimension scores between patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS In total, 84 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and 601 patients receiving haemodialysis were included. Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression were present in respectively 22% and 43% of the patients, with no differences between dialysis modality. Both modalities scored high on the somatic symptom dimensions and on individual somatic items. Almost all patients reported symptoms related to loss of energy and sleep. CONCLUSION No differences in symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression were found between patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. The high prevalence of somatic symptom dimensions in both groups underscores the possible interaction between somatic and psychiatric symptoms in dialysis patients and the need for early recognition and treatment of symptoms of anxiety and depression regardless of treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Nadort
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xander Luijkx
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yves Fc Smets
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis-Jean Vleming
- Department of Nephrology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Birit Fph Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Schouten RW, Haverkamp GL, Loosman WL, Chandie Shaw PK, van Ittersum FJ, Smets YFC, Vleming LJ, Dekker FW, Honig A, Siegert CEH. Ethnic Differences in the Association of Depressive Symptoms with Clinical Outcome in Dialysis Patients. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:990-1000. [PMID: 31215016 PMCID: PMC6736895 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show mixed results on the association between depressive symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes in patients on dialysis therapy. Ethnicity may play a role in these heterogeneous results. No studies have investigated the interplay between ethnicity and depressive symptoms on clinical outcome in this patient population. This study aims to examine interaction between ethnicity and depressive symptoms on hospitalization and mortality in dialysis patients. METHODS A multi-ethnic cohort in 10 dialysis centers included 687 dialysis patients between 2012 and 2017, with an average follow-up of 3.2 years. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory. Interaction was assessed by investigating excess risk on an additive scale using both absolute rates and relative risks. Multivariable regression models included demographic, social, and clinical variables. RESULTS Adverse outcomes are more pronounced in native patients, compared to immigrant patients. The risk for mortality and hospitalization is considerably higher in native patients compared to immigrants. An excess risk on an additive scale indicates the presence of possible causal interaction. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are a risk factor for hospitalization and mortality, especially in native dialysis patients. Adverse clinical events associated with depressive symptoms differ among ethnic groups. This differential association could play a role in the conflicting findings in literature. Ethnicity is an important factor when investigating depressive symptoms and clinical outcome in dialysis patients. Future research should focus on the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in these differential associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert W Schouten
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerlinde L Haverkamp
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim L Loosman
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yves F C Smets
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis-Jean Vleming
- Department of Nephrology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Honig
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl E H Siegert
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schouten RW, Haverkamp GL, Loosman WL, Chandie Shaw PK, van Ittersum FJ, Smets YFC, Vleming LJ, Dekker FW, Honig A, Siegert CEH. Anxiety Symptoms, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Patients Receiving Maintenance Dialysis: A Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:158-166. [PMID: 31027882 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Anxiety symptoms are common in dialysis patients and have a large impact on quality of life. The association of anxiety symptoms with adverse clinical outcomes in dialysis patients is largely unknown. This study examined the association of anxiety symptoms with hospitalization and mortality in patients receiving maintenance dialysis. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Maintenance dialysis patients treated at 10 dialysis centers in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2016. EXPOSURES Time-varying symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. OUTCOMES All-cause mortality, 1-year hospitalization rate, and hospital length of stay. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Sensitivity analyses included multiple imputation of missing data and restriction to incident patients only. RESULTS 687 patients were included, composed of 433 prevalent and 242 incident dialysis patients. Median follow-up time was 3.1 (IQR, 3.0-3.5) years, during which 172 deaths occurred. 22% of patients had anxiety symptoms and 42% had depressive symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were associated with all-cause mortality and 1-year hospitalization rate and length of stay in all multivariable models. Anxiety symptoms showed a clear dose-response relationship with mortality. LIMITATIONS Depression and anxiety often coexist and share symptoms. The observational design of this study limits inferences about causal mechanisms between anxiety and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety symptoms are independently associated with increased risk for mortality and 1-year hospitalization. Anxiety symptoms are a clinically relevant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients and warrant further research on effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert W Schouten
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gertrud L Haverkamp
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim L Loosman
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yves F C Smets
- Department of Nephrology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis-Jean Vleming
- Department of Nephrology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Honig
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Loosman WL, Haverkamp GLG, van den Beukel TO, Hoekstra T, Dekker FW, Chandie Shaw PK, Smets YFC, Vleming LJ, Ter Wee PM, Siegert CEH, Honig A. Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Dutch Immigrant and Native Dialysis Patients. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 20:1339-1346. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Haverkamp GLG, Loosman WL, van den Beukel TO, Hoekstra T, Dekker FW, Chandie Shaw PK, Smets YFC, Vleming LJ, Ter Wee PM, Honig A, Siegert CEH. The association of acculturation and depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 38:26-30. [PMID: 26724601 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among immigrant chronic dialysis patients, depressive and anxiety symptoms are common. We aimed to examine the association of acculturation, i.e. the adaptation of immigrants to a new cultural context, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients. METHODS The DIVERS study is a prospective cohort study in five urban dialysis centers in the Netherlands. The association of five aspects of acculturation ("Skills", "Social integration", "Traditions", "Values and norms" and "Loss") and the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined using linear regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate. RESULTS A total of 249 immigrant chronic dialysis patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 51% and 47%, respectively. "Skills" and "Loss" were significantly associated with the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively ("Skills" β=0.34, CI: 0.11-0.58, and "Loss" β=0.19, CI: 0.01-0.37; "Skills" β=0.49, CI: 0.25-0.73, and "Loss" β=0.33, CI: 0.13-0.53). The associations were comparable after adjustment. No significant associations were found between the other subscales and depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that less skills for living in the Dutch society and more feelings of loss are associated with the presence of both depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud L G Haverkamp
- Department of Nephrology, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim L Loosman
- Department of Nephrology, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tiny Hoekstra
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yves F C Smets
- Department of Nephrology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter M Ter Wee
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Honig
- Department of Psychiatry, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl E H Siegert
- Department of Nephrology, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Siezenga MA, Shaw PKC, Daha MR, Rabelink TJ, Berger SP. Low Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) genotype is associated with future cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic South Asians. A prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:60. [PMID: 21729275 PMCID: PMC3157421 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians have a high burden of type 2 diabetes and vascular complications. Vascular inflammation is considered central in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and the complement system is thought to play an important role. Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL), which activates the lectin pathway of complement activation, has been introduced as a risk marker of vascular damage. The present study explores the association of MBL levels, genotype and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic South Asians. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study. A cohort consisting of 168 type 2 diabetic South Asians was followed for a median duration of 7.66 years. At baseline, MBL levels and genotype were determined. The association with future cardiovascular events was assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS During follow-up, 31 cardiovascular events occurred in 22 subjects (11 men, 11 women). The O/O genotype was significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 3.42, 95%CI 1.24-9.49, P = 0.018). However, log MBL levels were not associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.50-1.73). CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetic South Asians, the O/O MBL genotype is associated with cardiovascular events, although single serum MBL levels are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiel A Siezenga
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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Chandie Shaw PK, Berger SP, Mallat M, Frölich M, Dekker FW, Rabelink TJ. Central obesity is an independent risk factor for albuminuria in nondiabetic South Asian subjects. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:1840-4. [PMID: 17456841 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE South Asians have a high prevalence of central obesity. When the diagnosis of diabetes is made, they have a very high risk of developing renal failure. In the current study, we explored the hypothesis that central obesity is associated with the development of renal injury, before the manifestation of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We invited first-degree nondiabetic relatives of South Asian type 2 diabetic patients for investigation of microalbuminuria and diabetes. Subjects who used antihypertensive or antidiabetic medication were excluded. We performed a glucose tolerance test according to the classic World Health Organization criteria. A total of 205 subjects were normoglycemic; we excluded 25 subjects because of impaired glucose tolerance, and 30 subjects were excluded because of de novo diabetes. Central obesity was measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Albuminuria was measured as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in the early-morning urine. RESULTS Central obesity was independently related with albuminuria in the 205 normoglycemic subjects. We found no relation of fasting blood glucose or systolic blood pressure with albuminuria. Multivariate analysis for the presence of increased albuminuria (median ACR >0.31 mg/mmol) showed a relative risk of 4.1 for the highest versus the lowest tertile of WHR (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Central obesity is an early and independent risk factor for increased albuminuria in normoglycemic South Asian subjects. This could explain the high incidence of diabetic renal disease in South Asians, probably by the mechanism of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in the pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prataap K Chandie Shaw
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, P.O. Box 432, The Hague 2501 CK, The Netherlands.
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Chandie Shaw PK, Baboe F, van Es LA, van der Vijver JC, van de Ree MA, de Jonge N, Rabelink TJ. South-Asian type 2 diabetic patients have higher incidence and faster progression of renal disease compared with Dutch-European diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1383-5. [PMID: 16732026 DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prataap K Chandie Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, P.O. Box 432, 2501 CK The Hague, Netherlands.
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