1
|
Veluri S, Sowinski P, Svyntkivska M, Bartczak Z, Makowski T, Piorkowska E. Structure and Mechanical Properties of iPP-Based Nanocomposites Crystallized under High Pressure. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:629. [PMID: 38607163 PMCID: PMC11013707 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The unique nonparallel chain arrangement in the orthorhombic γ-form lamellae of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) results in the enhancement of the mechanical properties of γ-iPP. Our study aimed at the investigation of the mechanical properties of γ-iPP nanocomposites with 1-5 wt.% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 5 wt.% organo-modified montmorillonite prepared by melt-mixing and high-pressure crystallization. Neat iPP and the nanocomposites were crystallized under high pressures of 200 MPa and 300 MPa, and for comparison under 1.4 MPa, in a custom-built high-pressure cell. The structure of the materials was studied using WAXS, SAXS, DSC, and SEM, whereas their mechanical properties were tested in plane-strain compression. Under a small pressure of 1.4 MPa, polymer matrix in all materials crystallized predominantly in the α-form, the most common monoclinic form of iPP, whereas under high pressure it crystallized in the γ-form. This caused a significant increase in the elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress at break. Moreover, due to the presence of MWCNT, these parameters of the nanocomposites exceeded those of the neat polymer. As a result, a 60-70% increase in the elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress at break was achieved by filling of iPP with MWCNT and high-pressure crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90 363 Lodz, Poland; (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (Z.B.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bujnicki B, Sowinski P, Makowski T, Krasowska D, Pokora-Sobczak P, Shkyliuk I, Drabowicz J, Piorkowska E. Microbiologically Pure Cotton Fabrics Treated with Tetrabutylammonium OXONE as Mild Disinfection Agent. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7749. [PMID: 36363341 PMCID: PMC9654703 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological purity of textiles plays a pivotal role in the use of textiles, especially in hospitals and other medical facilities. Microbiological purity of cotton fabric was achieved by a new disinfection method using tetrabutyloammonium OXONE (TBA-OXONE) before washing. As a result of the disinfection, the cotton fabric became microbiologically pure, despite the markedly decreased washing time with respect to the widely used standard procedure. Shortening of the washing time allowed for significant energy savings. In addition, the effect of the number of disinfection and washing cycles on the tensile properties and tearing force of the fabric was examined. After 120 disinfection and washing cycles the mechanical properties of cotton fabric were only slightly worsened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bujnicki
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sowinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pokora-Sobczak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Inna Shkyliuk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sowinski P, Piorkowska E, Boyer SAE, Haudin JM. High-Pressure Crystallization of iPP Nucleated with 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13010145. [PMID: 33401398 PMCID: PMC7795768 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (DMDBS) is highly effective in nucleation of the α- form of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, its role in high-pressure crystallization of iPP, facilitating the formation of the γ- polymorph, has not been explored. The present paper focuses on the influence of DMDBS on nucleation of high-pressure crystallization of iPP. iPP with 0.2–1.0 wt.% of the DMDBS was crystallized under elevated pressure, up to 300 MPa, in various thermal conditions, and then analyzed by PLM, WAXD, SEM, and DSC. During cooling, crystallization temperatures (Tc) were determined. It was found that under high-pressure DMDBS nucleated crystallization of iPP in the orthorhombic γ- form. As a consequence, Tc and the γ- form content increased for the nucleated iPP, while the size of polycrystalline aggregates decreased, although the effects depended on DMDBS content. The significant increase of Tc and the decrease of grain size under high pressure of 200–300 MPa required higher content of DMDBS than the nucleation of the α-form under lower pressure, possibly due to the effect of pressure on crystallization of DMDBS itself, which is a prerequisite for its nucleating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Sowinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90 363 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426803316
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90 363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Severine A. E. Boyer
- Centre for Material Forming, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, 1 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (S.A.E.B.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Jean-Marc Haudin
- Centre for Material Forming, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, 1 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (S.A.E.B.); (J.-M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piorecka K, Janaszewska A, Majkowska M, Marcinkowska M, Kurjata J, Kazmierski S, Radzikowska-Cieciura E, Kost B, Sowinski P, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Stanczyk WA. Hydrophilic Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane, POSS(OH) 32, as a Complexing Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5512. [PMID: 33287168 PMCID: PMC7730793 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy, recently developed by us, to use polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as an anti-cancer drug carrier is presented. Anthracycline:POSS complexes were prepared by simple co-addition of doxorubicin (DOX) or daunorubicin (DAU) with hydrophilic POSS(OH)32. Co-delivery of POSS and anthracyclines led to higher anti-cancer activity towards HeLa (cervical cancer endothelial) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The obtained supramolecular hybrid complexes were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy [NOESY] and homonuclear correlation spectroscopy [COSY]), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The two-dimensional (2D) NOESY spectra of the complexes showed the cross-correlation peaks for hydroxyl groups of POSS (~4.3-4.8 ppm) with OH groups of DOX and DAU. FTIR showed that hydroxyl group of POSS can interact with amine and hydroxyl groups of DOX and DAU. The viability of HeLa and MCF-7 was analysed with the MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of free DOX and DAU and the relevant complexes with POSS at different molar ratios. At a low DOX concentration (2.5 µM), for molar ratios 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 (POSS:DOX), the complexes showed two and three times higher cytotoxicity towards HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively, than DOX itself after both 24- and 48-h incubation. The 1 µM concentration for a 1:4 POSS:DOX molecular ratio and the 2.5 µM concentration for all complexes were more toxic towards MCF-7 cells than free DOX after 48-h incubation. In the case of POSS:DAU complexes, there was higher toxicity than that of free drug after 48-h incubation. It can be concluded that the formation of non-covalent complexes increases toxicity of anthracycline drugs towards Hela and MCF-7 cells. The novel complexes are inexpensive to prepare and more effective than free drugs at low systemic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Piorecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Marta Majkowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Jan Kurjata
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Slawomir Kazmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Bartlomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Przemyslaw Sowinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Wlodzimierz A. Stanczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (S.K.); (E.R.-C.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (W.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sowinski P, Piorkowska E, Boyer SA, Haudin JM. Corrigendum to “On the structure and nucleation mechanism in nucleated isotactic polypropylene crystallized under high pressure” [Polymer 151 (2018) 179-186]. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Pietrzak L, Piorkowska E, Galeski A, Bojda J, Sowinski P. Modification of Syndiotactic Polypropylene with Nano-Calcium Carbonate and Halloysite. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Composites of syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) with 5 to 17 vol.° of halloysite and 2.5 to 7.5 vol.° of stearic acid modified nano-calcium carbonate, having an average grain size of 80 nm, were prepared and examined. The effect of fillers on thermal properties of sPP was different; halloysite increased markedly peak crystallization temperature. The composites with the highest filler contents, 7.5 vol.° of calcium carbonate and 17 vol.° of halloysite, exhibited a solid-like behavior at 170 °C, with the storage modulus exceeding the loss modulus in the entire frequency range, that is 512 to 0.1 rad s−1. The composites with halloysite exhibited decreased Izod impact strength compared to neat sPP. On the contrary, 2.7 fold improvement of the impact strength was found for the composites with nano-calcium carbonate. Moreover, nano-calcium carbonate did not worsen the drawability of the materials during uniaxial drawing. It was found that debonding at calcium carbonate/sPP interface occurred both during the impact test and tensile drawing facilitating the plastic deformation of the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Pietrzak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz , Poland
| | - E. Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz , Poland
| | - A. Galeski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz , Poland
| | - J. Bojda
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz , Poland
| | - P. Sowinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sowinski P, Piorkowska E, Boyer SA, Haudin JM. Nucleation of crystallization of isotactic polypropylene in the gamma form under high pressure in nonisothermal conditions. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Pietrzak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90 363 Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sowinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90 363 Poland
| | - Joanna Bojda
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90 363 Poland
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90 363 Poland
| | - Andrzej Galeski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90 363 Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bazigou E, Bailey E, Sowinski P, Fraser K, Chow K, Weinberg P. Unilateral nephrectomy as a model of altered blood flow for the study of arterial permeability. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Bailey E, Sowinski P, Bazigou E, Weinberg P. Developing a model of global arterial stiffening to assess the effect of vascular aging on local risk factors for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Kowalczyk M, Piorkowska E, Dutkiewicz S, Sowinski P. Toughening of polylactide by blending with a novel random aliphatic–aromatic copolyester. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Bazigou E, Bailey E, Sowinski P, Weinberg P. Effects of ageing and glycocalyx disruption on aortic transendothelial permeability. Atherosclerosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
Olszewska W, Ispas G, Schnoeller C, Sawant D, Van de Casteele T, Nauwelaers D, Van Kerckhove B, Roymans D, De Meulder M, Rouan MC, Van Remoortere P, Bonfanti JF, Van Velsen F, Koul A, Vanstockem M, Andries K, Sowinski P, Wang B, Openshaw P, Verloes R. Antiviral and lung protective activity of a novel respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor in a mouse model. Eur Respir J 2010; 38:401-8. [PMID: 21148224 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00005610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis in young children and common colds in adults. There is no licensed vaccine, and prophylactic treatment with palivizumab is very expensive and limited to high-risk infants. Ribavirin is used as an antiviral treatment in infants and immunosuppressed patients, and its use is limited due to side-effects, toxicity to the recipient and staff, and evidence of marginal clinical efficacy. Therefore, we studied the in vivo kinetics, and the antiviral and protective properties of a novel candidate for RSV disease treatment. The drug is a small molecule (TMC353121) discovered by screening for fusion inhibitory properties against RSV in a cellular infection model. The pharmacokinetics of TMC353121 was studied in BALB/c mice and antiviral effects determined by testing viral loads in lung tissue by quantitative RT-PCR and plaque assay after intranasal RSV infection. At doses of 0.25-10 mg · kg(-1), TMC353121 significantly reduced viral load, bronchoalveolar lavage cell accumulation and the severity of lung histopathological change after infection. Treatment remained effective if started within 48 h of infection, but was ineffective thereafter. Therefore, TMC353121 is a novel potent antiviral drug, in vivo reducing RSV replication and inhibiting consequential lung inflammation, with a great potential for further clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Olszewska
- Centre for Respiratory Infection Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, W2 1PG, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dzierzbicka K, Sowinski P, Kołodziejczyk AM. Synthesis of analogues of anthraquinones linked to tuftsin or retro-tuftsin residues as potential topoisomerase inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:670-8. [PMID: 16953492 DOI: 10.1002/psc.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel group of [(4-, 5- or 8)-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-1-yl]-(tuftsin or retro-tuftsin) acids and methyl esters has been synthesized as potential anticancer compounds. The corresponding protected tuftsin or retro-tuftsin derivatives were also synthesized. We hope that combining compounds of different mechanisms of action will improve their clinical properties, and that our new analogues will be much more effective against multidrug-resistant tumour cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Dzierzbicka
- Department of Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prestoz L, Relvas JB, Hopkins K, Patel S, Sowinski P, Price J, ffrench-Constant C. Association between integrin-dependent migration capacity of neural stem cells in vitro and anatomical repair following transplantation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 18:473-84. [PMID: 11922139 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous transplantation studies using neural stem cell lines immortalized by the temperature-sensitive SV40 large T-antigen, we have shown that animals with experimental hippocampal lesions resulting from four vessel occlusion recover spatial memory functions more effectively when grafted with the MHP36 cell line than with the MHP15 cell line [Gray et al. (1999). Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Biol. Sci. 354:1407-1421]. In the present study, we have investigated the cellular and molecular basis of these differences in repair capacity both in vivo and in vitro. Using the same model of hippocampal damage we have shown that following transplantation MHP36 cells migrate and align within the damaged CA1 of the ipsilateral hippocampus. MHP15 cells, in contrast, migrate in a more indiscriminate pattern that does not reflect the anatomy of the region. To analyze the migratory properties of these two cell lines in more detail, we performed migration assays at a nonpermissive temperature on the extracellular matrix substrates laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin. These showed that MHP36 cells have a greater migration potential than the MHP15 cells. While the pattern of cell surface extracellular matrix receptors of the integrin family was identical in both cell lines, the different degrees of migration on vitronectin were both blocked by inhibitors of alphaV integrins. Differences in integrin signaling therefore contribute to the greater migration potential of the repairing MHP36 cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Prestoz
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hodges H, Sowinski P, Virley D, Nelson A, Kershaw TR, Watson WP, Veizovic T, Patel S, Mora A, Rashid T, French SJ, Chadwick A, Gray JA, Sinden JD. Functional reconstruction of the hippocampus: fetal versus conditionally immortal neuroepithelial stem cell grafts. Novartis Found Symp 2001; 231:53-65; discussion 65-9. [PMID: 11131545 DOI: 10.1002/0470870834.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Late fetal CA1 hippocampal grafts and stem cell grafts from the conditionally immortal MHP36 clonal line derived from the H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse neuroepithelium both improved spatial deficits in rats with ischaemic CA1 damage induced by four-vessel occlusion (4VO). However, the distribution of fetal and MHP36 grafts differed. Fetal cells lodged in clumps around the implant sites and along the corpus callosum, whilst MHP36 grafts infiltrated the area of CA1 ischaemic damage, achieving apparent architectural reconstruction of the hippocampus. The migration of MHP36 cells is damage-dependent. Few cells were found in intact brain; after 15 min of 4VO cells repopulated only the discrete area of CA1 cell loss, whereas with more extensive damage after 30 min occlusion cells migrated to all hippocampal fields and to cortex. A higher proportion of grafted MHP36 cells differentiated into neurons in the host CA1 field than grafts of striatal or cortical expanded cell populations. Cortical population grafts were as effective as MHP36 grafts in improving water maze learning, whereas striatal or ventral mesencephalic cells were ineffective, indicating a degree of stem cell specificity. The efficacy of MHP36 cells extends to primates. In marmosets with profound impairments in conditional discrimination tasks after lesions of the CA1 field, MHP36 cells improved performance as effectively as fetal grafts and migrated evenly through the CA1 field, in contrast to clustered fetal cells. These findings suggest that MHP36 stem cell grafts are as effective as fetal grafts in functional repair of hippocampal damage, and that their preference for areas of cell loss and adoption of appropriate morphologies is consistent with a point-to-point repair mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Hippocampal cell loss was induced by the four-vessel occlusion (4VO) method, a model of global ischaemia. Global ischaemia for 15 min induced a selective damage to the CA1 subfield. Occlusion for 25 min produced a larger cell loss within the CA1 and more variably the CA2, CA3, the striatum and cortex. Ischaemic and sham control groups were assessed on two conditional discrimination tasks (presenting the conditional cues either in the choice arms or the start arm) and two spatial tasks (water maze and a simple spatial discrimination task). No significant effects were found on either of the spatial tasks (apart from the speed measure on the water maze). However, on the conditional discrimination task with the cues in the choice arms, animals with 25 min ischaemia learned the task significantly more slowly than the 15 min ischaemic and control groups. Results for the task with cues presented in the start arm differed according to choice of criterion for learning. With a standard criterion of 90% accuracy on one session controls were significantly superior to both ischaemic groups. However, in this task rats with 15 min occlusion showed the greatest impairment, and were significantly worse than both the controls and the 25 min occlusion group. These results suggest that hippocampal ischaemic damage disrupts the learning of conditional discrimination but not simple spatial tasks. No clear relationship between the extent of hippocampal cell loss and behavioural impairment was evident. These results highlight the critical importance of procedural factors in the assessment of cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Modo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Virley D, Ridley RM, Sinden JD, Kershaw TR, Harland S, Rashid T, French S, Sowinski P, Gray JA, Lantos PL, Hodges H. Primary CA1 and conditionally immortal MHP36 cell grafts restore conditional discrimination learning and recall in marmosets after excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampal CA1 field. Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 12):2321-35. [PMID: 10581225 DOI: 10.1093/brain/122.12.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, n = 18) were trained to discriminate between rewarded and non-rewarded objects (simple discriminations, SDs) and to make conditional discriminations (CDs) when presented sequentially with two different pairs of identical objects signifying reward either in the right or left food well of the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. After bilateral N-methyl-D-aspartate (0.12 M) lesions through the cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) field (7 microl in five sites), marmosets showed profound impairment in recall of CDs but not SDs, and were assigned to lesion only, lesion plus CA1 grafts and lesion plus Maudsley hippocampal cell line, clone 36 (MHP36) grafts groups matched for lesion-induced impairment. Cell suspension grafts (4 microl, 15-25 000 cells/microl) of cells dissected from the CA1 region of foetal brain at embryonic day 94-96, or of conditionally immortalized MHP36 cells, derived from the H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse neuroepithelium and labelled with [3H]thymidine, were infused at the lesion sites. The lesion plus MHP36 grafts group was injected five times per week with cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) throughout testing. Lesion, grafted and intact control marmosets (n = 4-5/group) were tested on recall of SDs and CDs learned before lesioning and on acquisition of four new CDs over a 6-month period. Lesioned animals were highly impaired in recall and acquisition of CD tasks, but recall of SDs was not significantly disrupted. Both grafted groups of marmosets showed improvement to control level in recall of CDs. They were significantly slower in learning the first new CD task, but mastered the remaining tasks as efficiently as controls and were substantially superior to the lesion-only group. Visualized by Nissl staining, foetal grafts formed clumps of pyramidal-like cells within the denervated CA1 field, or jutted into the lateral ventricles. MHP36 cells, identified by beta-galactosidase staining and autoradiography, showed neuronal and astrocytic morphology, and were distributed evenly throughout the CA1 region. The results indicate that MHP36 cell grafts are as functionally effective as foetal grafts and appear to integrate into the host brain in a structurally appropriate manner, showing the capacity to differentiate into both mature neurons and glia, and to develop morphologies appropriate to the site of migration. These findings, which parallel the facilitative effects of foetal and MHP36 grafts in rats with ischaemic CA1 damage, offer encouragement for the development of conditionally immortal neuroepithelial stem cell lines for grafting in conditions of severe amnesia and hippocampal damage following recovery from cardiac arrest or other global ischaemic episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Virley
- Department of Psychology, ReNeuron Ltd, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hodges H, Katzung N, Sowinski P, Hopewell JW, Wilkinson JH, Bywaters T, Rezvani M. Late behavioural and neuropathological effects of local brain irradiation in the rat. Behav Brain Res 1998; 91:99-114. [PMID: 9578444 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The delayed consequences of radiation damage on learning and memory in rats were assessed over a period of 44 weeks, commencing 26 weeks after local irradiation of the brain with single doses of X-rays. Doses were set at levels known to produce vascular changes alone (20 Gy) or vascular changes followed by necrosis (25 Gy). Following T-maze training, 29 weeks after irradiation, irradiated and sham control groups performed equally well on the forced choice alternation task. When tested 35 weeks after irradiation, treated rats achieved a much lower percentage of correct choices than controls in T-maze alternation, with no difference between the two irradiated groups. At 38-40 weeks after irradiation, rats receiving both doses showed marked deficits in water maze place learning compared with age-matched controls; performance was more adversely affected by the higher dose. The extent of impairment was equivalent in the two groups of rats irradiated with 25 Gy, those trained or not previously trained in the T-maze, suggesting that water maze acquisition deficits were not influenced by prior experience in a different spatial task. In contrast to water maze acquisition, rats irradiated with 20 Gy showed no deficits in working memory assessed in the water maze 44 weeks after irradiation, whereas rats receiving 25 Gy showed substantial impairment. Rats receiving 25 Gy irradiation showed marked necrosis of the fimbria and degeneration of the corpus callosum, damage to the callosum occurring in animals examined histologically 46 weeks after irradiation, but in only a third of the animals examined at 41 weeks. However, there was no evidence of white matter necrosis in rats irradiated with 20 Gy, examined 46 weeks after irradiation. These findings demonstrated that local cranial irradiation with single doses of 20 and 25 Gy of X-rays produced delayed impairment of spatial learning and working memory in the rat. The extent of these deficits appears to be task- and dose-related, since rats treated with 25 Gy showed marked impairments in all measures, whereas rats treated with the lower dose showed less impairment in water maze learning and no deficits water maze working memory, despite significant disruption of working memory in the T-maze. The findings further suggest that although high dose irradiation-induced white matter necrosis is associated with substantial impairment, cognitive deficits may also be detected after a lower dose, not associated with the development of necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nelson A, Sowinski P, Hodges H. Differential effects of global ischemia on delayed matching- and non-matching-to-position tasks in the water maze and Skinner box. Neurobiol Learn Mem 1997; 67:228-47. [PMID: 9159761 DOI: 10.1006/nlme.1996.3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess effects of global ischemia in tasks of spatial learning and working memory, male Wistar rats were subjected to four vessel occlusion (4 VO) for periods of 5, 10, and 20 min and compared with sham-operated controls over four test phases, from 6 to 54 weeks after surgery. Rats were assessed on acquisition in the water maze, a task that is sensitive to ischemic impairments, before testing in Skinner box and water maze working memory tasks, which both require the short-term storage of information, but make different demands on spatial information processing. Phases 1 and 3 assessed spatial learning in a standard water maze procedure (12 and 10 training days, 2 trials/day with a 10-min intertrial interval: ITI). Phase 2 involved training and testing in delayed non-matching-to-position task in the Skinner box, with delays of 2-10 s between the information and choice stages. Phase 4 examined working memory in a water maze delayed matching-to-position task with 4 trials/day, an ITI of 30 s, and a novel platform position on each day. Ischemic rats showed duration-related impairments in water maze acquisition and working memory, but not in the less spatially demanding Skinner box task. Since water maze acquisition deficits were seen both before and after testing in the Skinner box the lack of effect cannot be attributed to time or to prior training. Ischemic deficits were more marked in Phase 3 than in Phase 1 of acquisition, suggesting that impairment may be progressive. Histological assessment showed that cell loss was largely confined to the hippocampal CA1 field and was linearly related to duration of occlusion. At the maximal level of loss (5.7 mm before the interaural line) the 20-min group showed 90% loss, the 10-min group 60% loss, and the 5-min group, which did not differ from controls, less than 10% loss. Only the 20-min group showed significant damage beyond the CA1 field, ranging from 30-40% loss in the CA3 field to 5% loss in one striatal area. No cortical damage was seen. The extent of CA1 cell loss correlated modestly with water maze acquisition (Phase 3) and working memory scores, but not with trials to criterion in the Skinner box task. There were significant correlations between different measures both within and between water maze tasks, but not Skinner box tasks, suggesting that the two types of procedure engaged different cognitive processes. The results indicate that the intrahippocampal damage induced by 4 VO impaired tasks which required processing of allocentric spatial information, but did not impair the storage of limited spatial information in working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Evans blue dye, given i.c.v. in rats in a dose of 208 nmol, causes electrical and behavioural seizures which resemble those induced by the glutamate analogue, kainate, or by electrical kindling of the amygdala. Chicago sky blue, 201 nmol i.c.v., produces similar seizures. The principal elements of the seizures are wet-rat-shakes, facial and forelimb clonus, rearing and spike-and-waves in the EEG. A non-NMDA receptor antagonist, GYKI 52466 and a benzodiazepine, diazepam, significantly delay the onset to the occurrence of the first forelimb clonus. The cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine, significantly reduces the delay to onset of first facial clonus. The competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, D-CPPene, the non-specific dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, and the purinergic agonist, 2-chloroadenosine, have no effect on the measured parameters. During the induction of seizures by Evans blue, the average extracellular glutamate concentration in hippocampus or cortex does not increase statistically significantly in comparison to pre-seizure values. Histological examination of limbic areas indicates that the moderate to severe Evans blue-induced cell damage is similar to that seen after limbic seizures induced by pilocarpine and in the hippocampus is partially preventable by D-CPPene but not by diazepam or GYKI 52466. It is proposed that Evans blue-induced seizures may be useful as a new model for studying the mechanisms of intractable epilepsy of the complex partial seizure type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Dürmüller
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith SE, Hodges H, Sowinski P, Man CM, Leach MJ, Sinden JD, Gray JA, Meldrum BS. Long-term beneficial effects of BW619C89 on neurological deficit, cognitive deficit and brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neuroscience 1997; 77:1123-35. [PMID: 9130792 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
4-Amino-2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrimidine (BW619C89) is a sodium channel antagonist which when administered parenterally reduces neurological deficit and infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. We have investigated whether BW619C89 administered orally before middle cerebral artery occlusion is cerebroprotective when rats are assessed at one day after stroke, and whether cerebroprotection is long lasting and related to functional recovery. A cerebroprotective oral dose of BW619C89 (20 mg/kg) was used to determine whether reduction in infarct volume is long lasting and can be enhanced with continued therapy, and whether behavioural deficits occurring after middle cerebral artery occlusion such as disturbances in cognition and motor coordination are ameliorated by treatment with BW619C89. Rats received sham surgery or middle cerebral artery occlusion with a single treatment of BW619C89 (20 mg/kg) 1 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion, a double treatment group receiving 20 mg/kg BW619C89 1 h before and 10 mg/kg 5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion, or continued treatment with BW619C89 for up to five days. Neurological deficit, assessed from days 1 to 21, and at 70 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, was reduced to a similar extent in all three groups of rats treated with BW619C89, compared with vehicle-treated controls. At 70 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, all groups performed at control level. Vehicle-treated rats were impaired in the Morris water maze and step-through passive avoidance paradigm five to eight weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, when neurological deficit was minimal. These deficits were partially alleviated, to a similar extent, by all of the three treatments with BW619C89. Total volumes of brain damage, assessed at 70 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion in Luxol Fast Blue- and Cresyl Violet-stained coronal sections, were reduced in all three groups of BW619C89-treated rats, to 46% in the single, 50% in the double and 58% in the continued treatment group, compared with vehicle-treated rats. Extent of brain damage correlated with extent of impairment of the rats in the water maze. These findings suggest that BW619C89 has long-lasting cerebroprotective effects with advantageous functional consequences after single oral administration in a rodent model of stroke. Prolonged treatment with BW619C89 did not significantly enhance the cerebroprotective effects. Deficits in performance of rats in the water maze and step-through passive avoidance tasks indicate sustained cognitive impairment after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The reductions in brain damage by BW619C89 correlated with significant long-term functional improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nelson A, Lebessi A, Sowinski P, Hodges H. Comparison of effects of global cerebral ischaemia on spatial learning in the standard and radial water maze: relationship of hippocampal damage to performance. Behav Brain Res 1997; 85:93-115. [PMID: 9095344 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(96)00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Groups of rats which had undergone global ischaemia for 10, 15 or 20 min using the four-vessel occlusion technique were compared with sham-operated controls on learning to locate a submerged platform in both acquisition and working memory tasks in a standard Morris water maze, and in a working memory task in an eight-channel water radial maze. Ischaemic rats showed duration-related impairments in all three tasks. The water radial maze task was learned more slowly than standard water maze tasks, but deficits were long-lasting. In the first phase of training in the radial water maze controls were more reluctant than ischaemic rats to visit all arms of the maze, and were subsequently found to spend less time on the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. However, differences in anxiety are not likely to account for differences in working memory performance in the radial water maze, as groups showed similar error rates before and after habituation to the maze. Histological examination showed that cell loss occurred chiefly in the CA1 field of the hippocampus and was linearly related to duration of occlusion. Cell loss was significantly correlated with the extent of impairment, but the pattern of relationships varied across the different tasks. For water maze acquisition, deficits in latency, heading angle and time spent in the training quadrant related more strongly to CA1 than CA3 cell loss, but radial water maze impairments showed the reverse tendency. In all cases correlations were substantially reduced following exclusion of rats with maximal CA1 cell loss, although a modest relationship with CA1 damage remained for latency in acquisition and working memory tasks, and heading angle on the probe trial. These results suggested that relationships between water maze impairments and cell loss are robust only after near total destruction of the dorsal CA1 field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hodges H, Sowinski P, Fleming P, Kershaw TR, Sinden JD, Meldrum BS, Gray JA. Contrasting effects of fetal CA1 and CA3 hippocampal grafts on deficits in spatial learning and working memory induced by global cerebral ischaemia in rats. Neuroscience 1996; 72:959-88. [PMID: 8735223 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional effects of fetal hippocampal field grafts were assessed in rats with spatial learning and memory impairments following global cerebral ischaemia. Experiment 1 examined effects of grafts dissected from fields CA1 and CA3 at embryonic day 19 and from the dentate gyrus at postnatal day 1. Cell suspensions (15,000 cells/site) were implanted bilaterally at two points above the dorsal CA1 area two weeks after four-vessel occlusion (electrocoagulation of the vertebral arteries followed the 24 h later by occlusion of the carotid arteries for 15 min). Histological examination showed that CA1 neuronal loss (60-70%) was equivalent in all ischaemic groups and that 80% of CA1 and 60% of CA3 grafts survived and were sited appropriately in the alveus or corpus callosum above the area of ischaemic CA1 damage in the host, but there was no survival of dentate grafts. Results from rats with poor pyramidal cell graft survival were excluded, but those from rats with non-surviving dentate grafts were retained as an additional control group. Acquisition in the water maze was examined nine and 25 weeks after transplantation, and spatial working memory was assessed in three-door runway and water maze matching-to-position tasks 19 and 28 weeks after grafting, respectively. For water maze acquisition rats were trained with two trails/day and a 10 min inter-trial interval for 10-12 days to locate a submerged platform. Ischaemic rats with CA1 grafts learned the platform position as rapidly as non-ischaemic controls, searched appropriately in the training quadrant and were accurate in heading towards the platform, but were initially impaired on recall of the precise platform position on probe trials with the platform removed. Performance of ischaemic controls and groups with CA3 and non-surviving dentate graft groups was significantly impaired relative to controls and to the CA1 grafted group. The CA1 grafted group was also as successful as controls in matching-to-position in the water maze and substantially superior to the other ischaemic groups, assessed using three trials/day, with a 30-s inter-trial interval and a different platform position on each day. In a more complex matching-to-position task in the three-door runway, the performance of the CA1 grafted group was significantly impaired relative to controls, although superior to that of the other ischaemic control and graft groups. Functional recovery with CA1, but not CA3, grafts in ischaemic rats was replicated in a second experiment which assessed water maze acquisition and working memory at 10 and 14 weeks after transplantation, in rats with 90% graft survival. These results indicate that long-lasting, task-dependent improvements can be seen in ischaemic rats with CA1 fetal grafts in both aversively and appetitively motivated spatial learning tasks. The findings suggest that functional recovery requires homotypic replacement of CA1 cells damaged by ischaemia, rather than provision of structurally similar glutamate-releasing CA3 pyramidal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hodges H, Sowinski P, Turner JJ, Fletcher A. Comparison of the effects of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists WAY-100579 and ondansetron on spatial learning in the water maze in rats with excitotoxic lesions of the forebrain cholinergic projection system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1996; 125:146-61. [PMID: 8783389 DOI: 10.1007/bf02249414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. WAY-100,579 and ondansetron (both at doses of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg s.c.) and the muscarinic receptor agonist arecoline (1.0 mg/kg s.c.), on spatial learning and memory in the water maze were examined in rats after combined S-AMPA lesions to the nucleus basalis and medial septal brain regions. Lesioned rats showed substantially increased latency to find the submerged platform, and spent less time searching in the correct quadrant, and more time circling the periphery of the pool, relative to controls. Lesioned rats treated with WAY-100,579, ondansetron and arecoline exhibited marked improvement in these parameters of learning relative to lesioned animals, with arecoline-treated animals showing the most substantial recovery. Linear dose-related trends of improvement were seen with both of the 5-HT3 antagonists. In probe trials, testing retention of the platform position 24 and 72 h after the end of training, control rats exhibited substantial superiority relative to lesioned rats in accuracy of search in the training quadrant and former platform area, matched by rats treated with arecoline on the first, and by rats treated with the two higher doses of WAY-100,579 and ondansetron on the second probe trial. These results are consistent with our previous studies which demonstrated that another selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. WAY-100,289, significantly reversed the cognitive deficits in water maze performance induced by ibotenic acid lesions of forebrain cholinergic projection system. Therefore, selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may provide a novel effective therapy for treating cognitive deficits associated with degeneration of central cholinergic neurones, such as Alzheimer's disease or age-associated memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hodges H, Sowinski P, Sinden JD, Netto CA, Fletcher A. The selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, WAY100289, enhances spatial memory in rats with ibotenate lesions of the forebrain cholinergic projection system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995; 117:318-32. [PMID: 7770608 DOI: 10.1007/bf02246107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of three doses (0.003, 0.03 and 1.0 mg/kg sc) of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, WAY 100289, on spatial learning and memory in the water maze were examined in rats before and after ibotenate lesions to the nucleus basalis and medial septal brain regions at the source of cholinergic projections to cortex and hippocampus. The representative cholinergic nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) and arecoline (1.0 mg/kg) were also tested for comparison. Both arecoline and nicotine improved initial acquisition in rats before lesioning, in terms of latency to find a hidden platform and accuracy of search strategy. WAY100289 did not affect the performance of normal rats significantly, apart from some non-significant trends towards improvement with the highest dose. However, in animals showing transient navigational deficits in retention and relearning after lesioning, WAY100289 improved performance at all three doses, though ameliorative effects of nicotine and arecoline were more marked also in lesioned rats. These results show that WAY100289 improved spatial learning in animals impaired after lesions to cholinergic projection nuclei, which may reflect an interaction with cholinergic transmission to enhance cognitive function. However, in the present study, WAY100289 appeared to be less effective than direct cholinergic agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Netto CA, Hodges H, Sinden JD, LePeillet E, Kershaw T, Sowinski P, Meldrum BS, Gray JA. Foetal grafts from hippocampal regio superior alleviate ischaemic-induced behavioural deficits. Behav Brain Res 1993; 58:107-12. [PMID: 8136038 DOI: 10.1016/0166-4328(93)90095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transitory global cerebral ischaemia produced in rats by four vessel occlusion for 15 min produced substantial loss of CA1 cells in dorsal hippocampus and minimal other intra- and extra-hippocampal damage. Ischaemic rats showed a long-lasting impairment in spatial navigation in the water maze, and such impairment was sensitive to task difficulty. Groups of ischaemic animals were implanted with foetal tissue dissected from hippocampal regio superior (SUP--containing CA1 field), regio inferior (INF--containing dentate gyrus), and basal forebrain, with grafts sited in the alveus above the damaged CA1 region. Behavioral testing in the water maze (acquisition, retention and a working memory task) was conducted over a period of 4 to 12 weeks after grafting. Only rats receiving the SUP graft showed consistent improvement in water maze performance, relative to ischaemic controls, when tested in retention and working memory. Although the selective effect of CA1-containing grafts suggests repairing of the damaged host circuit, functional recovery may have been related to the greater ability of SUP grafts to survive and grow in the host ischaemic hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Netto
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
BW619C89 (4-amino-2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl) pyrimidine) was evaluated for cerebroprotection after focal or global ischaemia. BW619C89, as the mesylate dihydrate salt, 20 mg kg-1, i.v. for 10 min immediately, or with a 1 h delay after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in Fischer rats reduces cortical infarct volume (visualized with (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium) by 49% (p < 0.05) or by 61% (p < 0.001) and improves neurological deficit. Administration of BW619C89 with a 2 h delay is ineffective. BW619C89, given i.p. 0 and 4 h after 20 min of transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in vertebral artery-occluded Wistar rats reduces glutamate release and neuronal cell loss in the hippocampal CA1 sector (p < 0.01) and striatum (p < 0.05). BW619C89 resembles BW1003C87 (5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidine) in inhibiting veratrine-induced glutamate release and protecting against ischaemic brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Netto CA, Hodges H, Sinden JD, Le Peillet E, Kershaw T, Sowinski P, Meldrum BS, Gray JA. Effects of fetal hippocampal field grafts on ischaemic-induced deficits in spatial navigation in the water maze. Neuroscience 1993; 54:69-92. [PMID: 8515847 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90384-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transitory global cerebral ischaemia induced in rats by four vessel occlusion for 15 min produced substantial loss of CA1 cells in dorsal hippocampus, and minimal damage in other intra- and extrahippocampal forebrain regions examined. Ischaemic rats showed long-lasting deficits in spatial navigation in the water-maze, consisting of impaired learning to locate a hidden platform in a novel pool, a substantial increase in time spent searching close to the platform without finding it, and moderate deficits in matching to position in a working memory task. Groups of ischaemic rats were implanted with fetal tissue dissected from hippocampal CA1 field, containing glutamatergic CA1 pyramidal cells, from dentate gyrus, containing glutamatergic dentate granule cells, and from basal forebrain, containing cholinergic cells, with grafts sited in the alveus above the damaged CA1 region, for comparison with non-grafted ischaemic and non-ischaemic control groups, over a series of tests from four to 20 weeks after grafting. All ischaemic groups showed comparable acquisition deficits prior to transplantation, and similar loss of CA1 cells on post mortem examination. When tested in a familiar pool in retention and reversal learning of the original platform position, and a working memory task, all ischaemic rats performed better than in initial acquisition. However, rats receiving CA1 grafts showed the most consistent improvement relative to ischaemic controls. When tested in a second (i.e. novel) pool, ischaemic rats again showed marked impairment, whereas rats with CA1 grafts were significantly superior, and learned as rapidly as non-ischaemic controls. The performance of groups with dentate granule and basal forebrain grafts was similar to that of the non-grafted ischaemic control group throughout testing. These results suggest that ischaemic rats are impaired in the adaptive use of spatial information, as shown by acquisition and working memory deficits, but not in long- or short-term memory storage processes, and are also impaired in precise spatial localization. The effects of CA1 grafts in restoring spatial abilities, shown most clearly when rats were tested in a novel environment, suggest that these grafts may have assisted with repair to the damaged host circuit, rather than acted through the release of an appropriate neurotransmitter, since the glutamatergic dentate granule grafts were ineffective. However, CA1 grafts showed better survival and growth than the other types of transplant, so that functional recovery may have been related to graft viability rather than to the specific type of graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Netto
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zielinski J, Jereczek E, Sowinski P, Falkowski L, Rudowski A, Borowski E. The structure of a novel sugar component of polyene macrolide antibiotics: 2,6-dideoxy-L-ribohexopyranose. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1979; 32:565-8. [PMID: 468732 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.32.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel carbohydrate has been isolated after acidic hydrolysis of nystatin A3, candidinin and polyfungin B and its structure established as 2,6-dideoxy-L-ribohexopyranose.
Collapse
|