Seasonal dynamics of Fasciola gigantica transmission in Prafi district, Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia

Background and Aim

Indonesia's farming practices are a perfect setting for establishing an infection with Fasciola gigantica which can result in economically detrimental. The objectives of the current study were to describe and analyze the transmission dynamics of fasciolosis (F. gigantica) in Prafi District, to provide information on effective control strategies and to identify risk factors associated with fasciolosis in cattle.

Materials and Methods

Fecal samples were purposively collected from the rectum of 60 beef cattle in Prafi District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia. The samples were collected once a month for 8 months from April 2019 to November 2019. Furthermore, the samples were taken from two rearing system groups: 30 stall cattle and 30 cattle in a palm oil garden. The presence of F. gigantica eggs in the fecal samples was examined using a modified Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique-sedimentation. Meanwhile, the antigenic diagnosis of Fasciola in the fecal samples was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to perform an indirect sandwich assay on feces. Snails were collected from an irrigation canal, rice field, and palm oil garden canal around Prafi District. These snails were examined for infection with cercariae larvae of F. gigantica by cercarial shedding and crushing techniques.

Results

The peak occurrence of F. gigantica infection was identified in August (65.00%) and the lowest in June (35.00%). The highest prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle was recorded in August and November (90.00%) and the lowest was in May (40.00%). Moreover, the highest prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle exposed to the palm oil garden was recorded in April (53.33%) and the lowest prevalence of F. gigantica infection was recorded in June (23.33%). In total, 2046 snails were screened by the cercarial shedding and crushing method; of these, 426 (20.82%) were found to be positive for trematode cercariae. The prevalence of F. gigantica infection in Lymnaea spp. snails was highest in November (47.46%) and lowest in April (9.28%).

Conclusion

The current study shows that beef cattle grown in two types of rearing systems in Prafi District were infected with F. gigantica during the dry and rainy season. It was revealed that Lymnaea spp. are common snails found in and around Prafi District, and can act as intermediate hosts with an infective stage of trematode. The transmission to cattle was highly effective, despite the short activity period, the low infection rate of snails, and the incidental anthelminthic treatment.

Factors Associated with the Behavior of Men who Have Sex with Men in the Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission

Background: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS transmission caused by the behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) is still a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with MSM behavior in relation to the prevention of HIV transmission. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The total sample was 176 respondents determined using consecutive sampling technique. The variables consist of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, beliefs, the accessibility of the health facilities, health-related skills, peer support, health care provider support and the prevention behavior concerning HIV transmission. The data was obtained using a questionnaire and it was analyzed using Chi-square and ordinal logistic regression. Results: From the sample of 176 MSM, the behavior of the prevention of HIV transmission was 43.75%, which is a moderate level. Through ordinal logistic regression, we found that knowledge [OR:1.171, CI: 0.414-1.929] and peer support [OR: 1.902, CI: 0.721, 3.082] are more likely to prevent HIV transmission. Conclusion: Knowledge and peer support are known to be very important factors concerning the behavior engaged in the prevention of HIV transmission. Increasing the level of knowledge and increasing the youth networks in the form of groups as a form of support can be promoted by nurses, health workers, and the community in order to prevent HIV transmission.

Influence of Cognitive Stimulation Group Activity Memory Game Therapy on Elderly Cognitive Function: Quasi-Experimental

Introduction: Older adults experience a change in their nervous system that influences cognitive function, including the abilities of orientation, registration, attention-calculation, memory and language. These changes affect the independence of the elderly when carrying out their daily activities. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of cognitive stimulation group activity memory game therapy on elderly cognitive function.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-post approach with a control group design. The population in this study was the elderly who were aged >60 in Nursing Home Blitar, totaling 20 older patients. The data retrieval for this research was conducted between April and May 2012. The elderly in the treatment group were given flash card stimulus to practice their perceptual abilities 8 times (1 month). The measurement of elderly cognitive function used the Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.Results: The results showed that elderly cognitive function increased from 10,3 (pre test) to 14,65 (post test) with p=0,005 (p<0,05). This result shows that cognitive stimulation group activity memory games have a significance influence on elderly cognitive function.Conclusion: Practical nurses can use this therapy to improve elderly cognitive function not only in Elderly Social Institutions but also in the community or through public health.

Self-esteem and motivation with adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia with antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps reduce the amount of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that enters the body in order to avoid acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prevents the occurrence of opportunistic infections and complications. This study aims to describe the correlation between self-esteem and motivation with adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in ART. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 91 PLWHA who joined a non-government organization (NGO) support group, determined through a purposive sampling technique. The demography, and questionnaires about self-esteem, motivation and adherence to ART were employed to collect the raw data. The data were then analyzed using Spearman's rho test with the degree of significance at p < 0.05. Results The result showed that self-esteem (p = 0.000, r = 0.445) and motivation (p = 0.019, r = 0.246) had correlation with adherence of PLWHA with ART. Conclusion PLWHA can increase self-esteem and motivation so that they can improve ART adherence. Further research is expected to use an instrument more objectively as a measurement tool for ART adherence in addition to a questionnaire so as to obtain more accurate and specific results.

Distribusi dan Faktor Risiko Fasciolosis pada Sapi Bali di Distrik Prafi, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi fasciolosis pada sapi bali yang dipelihara oleh peternak di Distrik Prafi, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat serta mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor risiko yang kemungkinan berperan dalam tingkat prevalensi fasciolosis. Sampel feses diambil dari 369 ekor sapi per rektal dan dipilih dengan teknik proporsional random sampling pada tingkat desa. Sebanyak 127 peternak diambil sebagai responden untuk diwawancarai. Sampel feses diperiksa dengan uji sedimentasi untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan telur Fasciola sp. berdasarkan morfologinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2016. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi-square (c2), dan odds ratio (OR), dan multivariat untuk regresi logistik. Penyebaran fasciolosis pada sapi bali yang dipelihara di empat desa Distrik Prafi cukup merata, di mana prevalensi pada masing-masing Desa Udapi Hilir, Desay, Aimasi, dan Prafi Mulya berturut-turut adalah 30,53%; 30,61%; 40,74%, dan 38,24%. Prevalensi fasciolosis pada tingkat ternak dan peternak di Distrik Prafi masing-masing sebesar 34,96%, dan 66,14%. Variabel tipe kandang dan konsistensi feses menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan (P<0,05) pada risiko fasciolosis. Namun, analisa regresi logistik menunjukkan hanya variabel daerah pengambilan sampel rawa bersiput memengaruhi tingkat infeksi dengan model matematis Fasciolosis di Distrik Prafi adalah Logit Fasciolosis=-0,182+0,958 dummydaerahsampel1.

Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Paramphistomiasis pada Sapi Bali di Distrik Prafi, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat (PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF PARAMPHISTOMIASIS IN BALI CATTLE IN PRAFI DISTRICT, MANOKWARI REGENCY, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE)

Paramphistomiasis is a parasiter disease caused by an Paramphistomum sp worms infection. The disease can cause a considerable decline in livestock productivity, therefore it is catagorized as one of economic affected diseases. The aims of this research were to determine the prevalence and distribution of paramphistomiasis in Bali cattle in Prafi District of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province; and to identify some of the risk factors that associated with the paramphistomiasis prevalence. The research was done between February and March 2016. The feces samples were taken from 369 cattles perrectal were chosen by using proportional random sampling technique at village level. A total of 127 farmer respondents were interviewed. The feces samples were examined with sedimentation test to identify the existence eggs of Paramphistomum sp. based on their morphology. The data were analyzed in univariate to obtain the prevalence by dividing the number of positive sample with the number of samples inspected multiplied by 100%. Then, bivariate analysis was performed by using chi square (c2), and odds ratio (OR). The distribution of paramphistomiasis in Bali cattle that rearing in Prafi District has prevalence value in each village: Udapi Hilir, Desay, Aimasi, and Prafi Mulya was 14.74%; 12.04%; 9.18% and 1.48% respectively. While the prevalence of paramphistomiasis in bali cattle in the Prafi District was 10.03%. Factors of rearing manajemen, such as: combined shed with calve (OR=4.525) and sources of animal feed that taken from the grounds of the house and rice land (OR=4.955) showed a significant influence (P<0.05) on the risk of paramphistomiasis infection.

INFESTASI CACING SALURAN PENCERNAAN PADA KAMBING KACANG PERANAKAN ETTAWA DI KELURAHAN AMBAN KECAMATAN MANOKWARI BARAT KABUPATEN MANOKWARI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT

The study was done to determine a general health feature of goat reared on semi intensive system especially on gastrointestinal worms parasites infestation. Research location were chosen based on the higher population in one location home farmers. Thirtytwo goats was 4 weeks – 3 years old  that reared in the stage shed model examined fecal sample for knowing prevalence of gastrointestinal worm. The examination method fecal sample used natif and sedimentation methods. Based on the results of investigation fecal sample shows that prevalence of  gastrointestinal worm infestation on goat reared in the stage shed model was 100%. The goats were infected with Strongyle sp, Strongyloides sp, Haemonchus spp, Bunostomum spp, Trichostrongilus spp, dan Cooperia spp. Keywords : Infestation,Gastrointestinal Worm, Ettawa Crossbreed Goat, Stage Shed

Marketing Strategy to Increase Bed Occupancy Rate

Introduction: A hospital is an institution for health care providing treatment by specialized staff and equipment, more often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. Today, hospitals are very complex institution, not only survive in dynamic environment but also make a profit based on their services. The aimed of this research was to know marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process and provision of customer service) in formulating marketing strategy to increased Bed Occupancy Rate of Obstetric Gynecology Ward 2.Methods: The population are health care personnel including midwife, midwife associate, administrator and also client or consumer. The variable were product, price, place, promotion, people, process and provision of customer service. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire.Results: The result showed that product (type of services, infrastructure and facility), relative price, comfortable and safe place, targeted promotion, trained human resources, standard process and provision of customer service are an important aspect to implement strategy marketing to increase Bed Occupancy Rate. The result of this study has enlightened the importance of strategy marketing in health care services based on seven principle of marketing mix.Conclution: Implementation of marketing mix in obstetric gynecology ward 2 need to be considered.

Health Believe Model Implementation on The Analyze of Family Decision to Visit The Public Health Center

Introduction : Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) is one of infecsius deseases. These deseases can have serious complications and kill the patients. Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) deseases that is suffered to the patients has become a heavy complication in Tembok Dukuh village. By the health belief model implementation, the patients got earlier response as soon as possible. The objective of the study was to analyze family’s decision for visiting Puskesmas in earlier response of Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF). This descriptive analytic was conducted at work area of Puskesmas Tembok Dukuh Surabaya. The population was the family with Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) patient from Januari 2007 until July 2009.Methods : Clustered design was used to take the sample. Total sample were 65 respondents, taken according to inclusion criteria. The independent variables were health belief model about perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. The dependent variable was family’s decision for visiting Puskesmas in earlier response of Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF). Data was collecting using structured questionnaire. Data that had collected were later analyzed with frequency distribution of each category.Results : Result showed that perceived susceptibility most family was in middle category, perceived seriousness most family was in high category, most of family got the benefits, most of family also got the barriers, and all of the respondents have cues to action. The family’s decision to visit Puskesmas for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response  was founded in a few of family.Conclusion:  It can be concluded that most of the family didn’t have a steady decisison to visit Puskesmas for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever response. It can be proved by there are most of family chose the others health service. Discussion : Health workers in Desease Eradication Departement (P2M) should sosialize the Puskesmas program  related with the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response. So that, the family has believed that visiting Puskesmas is important for the earlier Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) response.

Analisis Beban Kerja Perawat Berdasar Time and Motion Study

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between working burden with time and motion study. The research’s design was used cross sectional studies with 56 samples of nurse which are taken by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected for working burden by using observational with time and motion study, for nurses motivation and nursing care quality by using questioners with multiple choices. Data were analyzed by using Spearman’s Rho test with value level of  p<0.05. The result showed that there were no relationship between working burden and nursing care quality with value level of  p>0.05. 

Comparison of Nursing Staff Calculation Based on the Time and Motion Study and Douglas Method

Introduction: The increase of the quality of service requires human resource with good quality and quantity. In health service, nursing staff need can be calculated by using many methods, such as Gillies method, ratio method, nursing workshop method, Thailand and Philippine method, Nina method, and Douglas method. Besides those six methods, nursing staff need can be calculated by calculating worktime and workload. This method is called Time and Motion Study. Douglas method is used to calculate nursing staff need at IRNA Bedah A Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The objective of this study was to compare the calculation of nursing staff need using Douglas method and Time and Motion Study. Method: This study used  descriptive design with observational approach. Samples, taken by total sampling, were 12 nurses at IRNA Bedah A Dr. Soetomo hospital for Time and Motion Study and all patients at IRNA Bedah A. Data for Douglas method were collected by using classification of  patient’s dependence into 3 categories, i.e; self care, partial care, and total care. Data for Time and Motion Study were collected by using observation of nurse’s activities and calculate nurse’s worktime and nurse’s workload. The results showed that according to Douglas method, IRNA Bedah A needed 16 nurses, and according to Time and Motion Study, IRNA Bedah A needed 14 nurses. The mean of patient’s dependence in one week was 13 patients with self care, 3 patients with partial care, and 4 patients with total care. Result: Total productive time of the nurses at IRNA Bedah A was 3.83 hours in the morning, 2.37 hours in the afternoon, and 5.25 hours at night. Nurse’s workload at IRNA Bedah A was 34.62%. It can be concluded that calculation by using method Douglas shows that IRNA Bedah A needs more nurses compared with calculation by using Time and Motion Study. Discussion: Time and Motion Study is more effective than Douglas method to calculate nursing staff need. Most patients at IRNA Bedah A is self care. Most nurse’s activity at IRNA Bedah A is non-productive activity. Most of the nurse’s activities at IRNA Bedah A have done based on the standard of procedure. Nurse’s workload at IRNA Bedah A is underload.

Perception of TB BTA (+) Patients about Treatment with Healing Status

Introduction: Tuberculosis (Tb) is infection disease that remains a major global public-health problem. Although it is curable and preventable, Tb remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Wrong perception about TB and treatment often make non-adherence to treatment regimen. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation between perception of Tb BTA (+) patients about treatment with healing status. Method: This research used cross sectional-retrospective design. The sample were 23 Tb BTA (+). The independent variable was perception of Tb BTA (+) patients about treatment and dependent variable was healing status. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with significance α≤ 0.05. Result: The result showed that perception of Tb BTA (+) patients about treatment did not has significance level with healing status (p=1,00). It can be concluded that perception of Tb BTA (+) patients about treatment did not has correlation with healing status. Discussion: It is recommended to the Turen public health center about TB programme to include health education for TB patients and family regularly in addition to increase patients adherence.

Pengaruh Cat Stretch Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Menstruasi (Dysmenorrhea) dan Tanda-Tanda Vital pada Remaja

Menstruation is a period of uterine fluid discharge to endometrial detachment, often accompanied with pain called dysmenorrhea. The objective of this study was  to  analyze the effect of cat stretch exercise on the relief of menstrual pain and characteristics of vital sign in adolescence. Pre experimental design (one group pre-post test) was used in this study, 12 samples were recruited by purposive sampling. Observation and questionnaire were applied to measure patient’s pain scale. Data were analyzed by  using  Wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). Conclusion: the cat stretch exercise has effect on relieve of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and normalized of vital sign: blood pressure, hearth rate and respiratory rate.

Good Homosexual Behaviour Decrease Prevalence of Sexual Transmitted Dissease

Introduction: The homosexual behaviour were become indicators of sexually transmitted diseases’s (STDs) prevalencies. Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual community was very high but until recently study it was conducted sporadically. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation of homosexual behaviour with prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Mobile Clinic Community Centre of IGAMA collaborating with Public Health Centre Sumberpucung of Malang Regency. Method:  Analytic design with cross sectional methode was used in this study. The population were all visitors of Mobile Clinic Community Centre of IGAMA collaborating with Public Health Centre Sumberpucung of Malang Regency (353 people). Sample were 40 people who met to the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was homosexual behaviour and the dependent variable was prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Data for homosexual behaviour were collected by using questionnaire and indhept interview with content analyze and data for prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were collected by using laboratorium test for STDs. Result: The research result was presented in the form diagram, table of cross tabulation and analyzed by using Spearman Rho with significance level ρ=0.005. The result showed that there was correlation of homosexual knowledge (ρ=0.001), attitude (ρ=0.000) and  practice (ρ=0.000) with prevalence of STDs. Dsicussion:  It can be concluded that the better knowledge, attitude and practice of homosexual could be decrease prevalence of STDs. Futher studies are recomended to analyze the correlation between homosexual behaviour and prevalence of STDs with Health Believe approach.

Peer Group Support Change Perception Of Homeless And Beggar

Introduction: Homeless and beggar are social problem in our society. The reason of people who becomes homeless and beggar can be influenced by internal factors such as lazy to work, mental and physical illness. Meanwhile, it also can be influenced by external factors, such as economy, geography, social, education, pshycology, culture and religion. The aimed of this study was to analyze the effect of peer group support to perception about the homeless and beggar.Methods: A quasy experimental two group pre-post test purposive sampling design was used in this study. The subjects were homeless and beggar which stay at Lingkungan Pondok Sosial (Liponsos) Keputih-Surabaya for at least three day. There were 16 respondent who met to the inclusion criteria which divided into two group (controlled and treatment). Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with significance level α≤0.05.Results: The result showed that controlled group has significance level p=0.109 and treatment group has significance level p=0.017, statistically by using Mann Whitney U Test showed p=0.021.Conclusion: It can be concluded that peer group support can change the perception about the homeless and beggar who stayed at Liponsos Surabaya. Peer group support can used continuously as social activity at Liponsos.

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF PARASITIASIS CALVES TREATMENT ON CATTLE BREEDING OF SMALLHOLDER IN MAGELANG REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

 This research was aimed to identify the financial feasibility of parasitiasis treatment for calves in the small holder breeding farm in Piji Subdistrict, Podosoko Village, Magelang Regency. Farmer was taken purposively, considering their objective of keeping cattle (breeding). Eight calves naturally infected gastrointestinal parasites were selected based on consideration of the uniformity of the age (4 months) breeds of Limousin-PO (LimPO) male 120-125 kg of body weight. They were divided into two groups, consisting of four calves for each group (Group I without treatment and Group II with improved health management). Farmers income was calculated based on the input and output data gathered from interview. The data were compared between Group I and II. Result showed that the value of additional revenue of the calves was IDR 4,230,000 and the selling price of one head of the treated antiparasitic calf was IDR 6,047,000. The calves net benefit in Group II was IDR 142,661/head/year, while group with improved health management (Group II) achieved the net income of IDR 283,621/head/year.

Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Pelayanan Keperawatan Berdasarkan Analisis Posisi Perilaku Caring Perawat dengan Jendela Pelanggan

Introduction: In this era of globalization and free market, demand from the society for adequate health care is increasing and encouraging hospitals to provide the best services. Better services require continuous and perfect planning in service quality improvement. The goal of this study was to find the development strategy to improve the quality of nursing care based on analysis of nurses caring behaviors position using customer window.Method: This study used 30 samples to assess input, proses and output. Research site was in Bhakti Rahayu hospital Surabaya for 1 month. Research instrument was questionnaire. Research data was used to determine optimum strategy of operational research approach using a simple dynamic program.Result: The result showed that the optimum strategy throught the line of affordable cuost – good fasilities – sufficient caring behavior – sufficient administrative – sufficient infrastructure – reliable human resources had the greates value of 70.Conclusion it can be cancluded that not all ideal line have a high value.

Penurunan Tingkat Depresi pada Lansia dengan Pendekatan Bimbingan Spiritual

Introduction: Depression is mental disorder which comes from complicated stress, it can happen for everyone including the elderly. This problem is frequently not considered as the main point of view to think because it is regarded to get good condition by its way without having serious treatment. On the reality, depression which doesn't get serious treatment to solve well, it can danger the life of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to prove the in fl uence of result in the spiritual guidance in accordance with Islamic religion for the changing score (rank) depression of the elderly who lived in the region of RT 04 Kedung Tarukan Wetan Surabaya.Method: Design used in this study was pre experimental design. Population for this study were all of the elderly who lived in the region of RT 04 Kedung Tarukan Wetan Surabaya. Total sample were 10 respondents, taken according to inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the spiritual guidance in accordance with Islamic religion where as the dependent variable was the changing score (rank) of depression. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using wilcoxon sign rank test with level of significance of≤ 0.05.Result: The result showed, after giving spiritual guidance in accordance with Islamic religion, the score (rank) of depression for elderly to decrease than before giving spiritual guidance in accordance with Islamic religion with significant value p = 0.005.Discussion: It can be concluded that spiritual guidance in accordance with Islamic religion having strong influence for the changing score (rank) of depression of the elderly before and after it had done. It was suggested for the competence person in RT 04 Kedung Tarukan Wetan Surabaya to do this activity continuously as one of the way to prevent and to solve depression for the elderly who lived in the region of RT 04Kedung Tarukan Wetan Surabaya.

Analyzed Factors That Leads to the Balanced Scorecard Nursing Care Documentation at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya

Introduction: Nursing documentation is an important aspect of nursing practice so that should be assessed comprehensively. The objective of the study was to analyze the causing factor of nursing care documentation at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya through balanced scorecard.Methods: This research was an analytical descriptive conducted out on January 2010 at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya that measured nursing care documentation through four perspectives of balanced scorecard by distributing quisioner to 55 nurses and 69 customers (patient families) using inclusion criteria, and holding personal interview to 3 structural offi cial, 2 functional official, and 6 ward supervisors. Data of nurse education, percentage of trained nurse was gained by checklist. Data were analyzed using content analysis to fi nd the causing factor of nursing documentation within balanced scorecard.Result: The result showed that financial, internal business processes, and learning and growth perspectives had causal relationship with nursing care documentation at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya, but customer perspective didn’t have direct causal relationship with it.Conclusion: It can be concluded that impractical nursing documentation form especially in dimension of time on assessment, implementation, and evaluation, and comprehension on assessment, absence of physical nursing standards, limited knowledge on nursing documentation evoked by absence of inhouse training about nursing documentation, ineffective supervision and audit were factors which affecting nursing documentation at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya. The researcher recommended that the hospital manager should modificate the nursing documentation form using NIC & NOC of NANDA and computerized system, compose physical nursing standards, carry out advanced nursing education and inhouse training about nursing care documentation, improve supervision program, and nursing documentation audit.

Islamic Caring Model on Increase Patient Satisfaction

Introduction: Patient satisfaction was important aspect that must be considered by health service providers, patients who were not satisfied will leave the hospital and be a competitor's customers so be able caused a decrease in sales of products/services and in turn could reduce and even loss of profit, therefore, the hospital must provided the best service so that it could increase patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to exams the effect of Islamic caring model on increase patient satisfaction.Methods: This study was used pre-experimental design, the respondents were 31 patients in the treatment group assigned Islamic caring and 31 patients with a kontrol group that were not given Islamic caring Inpatient Surgical Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang by using consecutive sampling techniques, patient satisfaction data collected through questionnaires and analyzed with Mann-Whitney test, as for finding out the Islamic caring for patient satisfaction were analyzed with spearmen's rho test.Results: The results showed that there was a significant influence of Islamic caring for perceived disconfirmation (p=0,000) there was a perceived disconfirmation influence on patient satisfaction significantly (p=0,000), there was a significant influence of Islamic caring for patient satisfaction in the treatment group with a kontrol group (p=0.001).Conclusion: Discussion of this study was Islamic caring model effect on the increase perceived disconfirmation and patient satisfaction, Perceived disconfirmation effect on patient satisfaction, patient satisfaction who given Islamic caring was increase, patients given Islamic caring had higher satisfaction levels than patients who not given Islamic caring. Suggestions put forward based on the results of the study of Islamic caring model could be applied in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital as a model of nursing care, Islamic caring behavior can be learned and improved through training and commitment and could be applied in providing nursing care, further studies of other variables that had not been examined in accordance expectancy-disconfirmation theory according Wodruff and Gardial 2002 of comparison standard and satisfaction outcome.

Analisis Faktor Pemanfaatan VCT pada Orang Risiko Tinggi HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is an entry point for the provision of nursing, support and medication of people living with HIV/AIDS. VCT is also a model for the dissemination of comprehensive information and support to change risk behavior and prevent HIV/AIDS infection. The purpose of this research was describe determinants of VCT utilization for the high risk person of HIV/AIDS at Puskesmas Dupak based on health belief model.Method: Design used in this study was descriptive survey design. The population was high risk people of HIV/AIDS who utilize VCT at Puskesmas Dupak Surabaya in 2010. The variables were component of health belief model for the high risk people of HIV/AIDS who utilize VCT. It consist of perceived susceptibility factor, perceived seriousness factor, perceived benefit and barrier factor, self efficacy, and cues to action factor. The samples were recruited with probability sampling consist of 23 respondents. Data were collected by using structured questionnairs with multiple choice questions and were then analyzed using descriptive analysis.Result: Results showed that perceived suscebtibilty was in strong criteria (61%), perceived seriousness was in strong criteria (78%), perceived benefit was in strong criteria (66%), perceived barrier was in enough criteria (65%), self effi cacy was in strong criteria (82%), and cues to action factor was in strong criteria (52%).Conclusion: Component health belief model to VCT utilization on high risk people of HIV/AIDS was in strong criteria. It is recommended to health worker at Puskesmas Dupak to give adequate information frequently to the high risk people of HIV/AIDS.

Antenatal Care Services Standart Compliance of Village Midwife in East Java Province

Introduction: The high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) require attention to implementing improvement programs and improving maternal health. According to data from East Java Health Offi ce AKI during 2009 were 260/100,000 live births. Indicators of maternal monitoring imple can be seen from figure K1 coverage (visit pregnant women in the first pregnancy) and K4 (contact at least 4 times during pregnancy for antenatal care).Methods: This study was conducted with the observational design of the “cross-sectional”, is a study to learn the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors with effects, with the approach, observation or data collection at once at some point (time point approach).Result: Variable associated with compliance standards of village midwives in implementing the ANC in the province of East Java is the level of knowledge (p) = 0.014 and the infrastructure required to ANC (p) = 0.000. Other variables did not show a significant relationship such as: age (p) = 0.121, status (p) = 0.831, period of employment (p) = 0.147, education (p) = 0.153, training (p) = 0.664, motivation (p) = 0.525, supervision (p) = 0.887, and rewards (p) = 0.663.Discussion: District Health Office/City should do a refresher on antenatal care in midwife needs to be done, since there are those who have a suffi cient level of knowledge and less. Facilities and infrastructure that support the implementation of Antenatal Care (ANC) should be facilitated effectively, to support midwives performance in implementing standards of care Antenatal Care.

THE IMPACT OF GREEN TEA ON BLOOD FLUIDITY IMPROVEMENT AND WEIGHT LOSS

Introduction: Various studies have shown the benefi cial effects of green tea, not only on cardiovascular diseases butalso on type 2 diabetes. Method: In this study, the preparation of green tea water extract has been standardized to (-)-epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea. The role of green tea water extract on blood fl uidityand diabetes diseases has been studied in 13 Fructose-Fed Rat (FFR). The rats were given high fructose diet ad libitumfor one week and then combination with green tea water extract every day for 6 days. Results: The results show, greentea water extract can reduces 100 μL blood passage times of wistar rat signifi cantly (p<0.01) by Micro-Channel ArrayFlow Analyzer (MC-FAN) instrument. Green tea water extract also had strong effect in reducing abdominal fat (p<0.05),blood glucose level (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.01). Discussion: These results suggest that green tea water extractmay has benefi cial effects for the treatment of diabetes and reduce blood viscosity.Keywords: green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, HPLC, blood fl uidity, fructose-fed rat

Bio-psycho-social-spiritual responses of family and relatives of HIV-Infected Indonesian Migrant Workers

Introduction: Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) returning from his destination countries, especially in East Java is quite high. Stress experienced by the patient is affected bythe family member maladaptive behaviors; thus affect healing process and even increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual family of Indonesian Workers who are infected with HIV and compared with the response of non-family workers who are infected with HIV.Method: Research design was comparative to reveal the response of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual families of HIV-infected familyof migrant workers and non-migrant workers. The population was family of both migrant and non-migrant in two districts in East Java in 2014. Sample of 17 people were recruited by simple random sampling technique. Data were performed at the family home, including biologic response (venous blood sampling for cortisol examination), and measurement of the psychological, social and responses by using questionnaires and interviews. Data were analysed with statistical t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05.Result: The results showed no differences in the biological response of HIV patients’ families among migrant and non-migrant workers (p = 0.000) although the majority of respondents were in the normal range or not stress. In contrast, the psychology, social and spiritual responsesshowed no statistically significant difference with p = 0.065, p = 0.057, p = 0.243 for psychological, social, and spiritual responses respectively.Discussion: There is a difference in the biological response (cortisol) in the group of family and relatives of patients with HIV among migrant workers compared with non-migrant workers, but there is no statistical difference in the psychological, social and spiritualresponses.

Decrease Risk Behavior HIV Infected on Construction Laborers with Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Approach

Introduction: Percentage of HIV-AIDS cases based on the types of work in East Java in 2011 shows that construction workers occupied ranks the top five ranked groups with 249 people (31%) after a group of commercial sex workers (CSWs) group.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of BCC approach to the reduction of contracting HIV risk behavior in the construction laborers. Method: This study used operational research design. In this study measures the effectiveness of behavior change of construction workers on the prevention of HIV transmission by comparing the behavior of the construction workers before and after the intervention. The subjects of this study were 150 people risk group of construction workers who work and are spread throughout the city of Surabaya. This research was carried out into three phases, namely, phase preintervention research, intervention research, and post-intervention phase of the study. Implemented in the first year and second year praintervensi stage implemented intervention and post-intervention phases. Result: The results of this study showed that 72% of construction workers is productive (18–35 years) and visit his family more than once a month (38%). There is 20% of construction workers had sex with commercial sex workers and no one was using drugs. By 50% of construction workers never get information about HIV/AIDS and as many as 48% never use the services of HIV/AIDS. Discussion: External motivation construction workers associated with the utilization of behavioral HIV/AIDS services with sufficient correlation. Strong external motivation is influenced by risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS were conducted and the desire to get help. Weak external motivation is influenced by a lack of exposure to information related to HIV/AIDS services. The results of the FGD stakeholders have the perception is the same if a construction worker is a high risk group of contracting HIV. Most of the construction workers not have enough knowledge for the prevention of HIV transmission because they do not have access to HIV care and behavior are at risk of contracting HIV by construction workers.Keywords: construction workers, behavior change communication, behavior

Decrease Risk Behavior HIV Infected on Construction Laborers with Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Approach

Introduction: Percentage of HIV-AIDS cases based on the types of work in East Java in 2011 shows that construction workers occupied ranks the top five ranked groups with 249 people (31%) after a group of commercial sex workers (CSWs) group. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of BCC approach to the reduction of contracting HIV risk behavior in the construction laborers. Method: This study used operational research design. In this study measures the effectiveness of behavior change of construction workers on the prevention of HIV transmission by comparing the behavior of the construction workers before and after the intervention. The subjects of this study were 150 people risk group of construction workers who work and are spread throughout the city of Surabaya. This research was carried out into three phases, namely, phase preintervention research, intervention research, and post-intervention phase of the study. Implemented in the first year and second year praintervensi stage implemented intervention and post-intervention phases.Result: The results of this study showed that 72% of construction workers is productive (18–35 years) and visit his family more than once a month (38%). There is 20% of construction workers had sex with commercial sex workers and no one was using drugs. By 50% of construction workers never get information about HIV/AIDS and as many as 48% never use the services of HIV/AIDS.Discussion: External motivation construction workers associated with the utilization of behavioral HIV/AIDS services with sufficient correlation. Strong external motivation is influenced by risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS were conducted and the desire to get help. Weak external motivation is influenced by a lack of exposure to information related to HIV/AIDS services. The results of the FGD stakeholders have the perception is the same if a construction worker is a high risk group of contracting HIV. Most of the construction workers not have enough knowledge for the prevention of HIV transmission because they do not have access to HIV care and behavior are at risk of contracting HIV by construction workers.

Bio-psycho-social-spiritual responses of family and relatives of HIV-Infected Indonesian Migrant Workers

Introduction: Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) returning from his destination countries, especially in East Java is quite high. Stress experienced by the patient is affected bythe family member maladaptive behaviors; thus affect healing process and even increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual family of Indonesian Workers who are infected with HIV and compared with the response of non-family workers who are infected with HIV. Method: Research design was comparative to reveal the response of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual families of HIV-infected familyof migrant workers and non-migrant workers. The population was family of both migrant and non-migrant in two districts in East Java in 2014. Sample of 17 people were recruited by simple random sampling technique. Data were performed at the family home, including biologic response (venous blood sampling for cortisol examination), and measurement of the psychological, social and responses by using questionnaires and interviews. Data were analysed with statistical t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05. Result: The results showed no differences in the biological response of HIV patients’ families among migrant and non-migrant workers (p = 0.000) although the majority of respondents were in the normal range or not stress. In contrast, the psychology, social and spiritual responsesshowed no statistically significant difference with p = 0.065, p = 0.057, p = 0.243 for psychological, social, and spiritual responses respectively. Discussion: There is a difference in the biological response (cortisol) in the group of family and relatives of patients with HIV among migrant workers compared with non-migrant workers, but there is no statistical difference in the psychological, social and spiritualresponses.Keywords: HIV, migrant workers, their families, stress, psychological, social, spiritual

Analysis of Nurse’s Occupational Health in Managing Patients in Benyamin Guluh Hospital Kolaka Regency

Introduction: Occupational health and safety are a system designed to ensure a good safety and health in the workplace. Nurses have a higher risk of accidents and occupational diseases due to managing patients The goal of analyze the relationship or the influence of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors, and the concept of core and care in nurses’ safety and occupational health issue nurs in managing patient. Methods: Type of study is explanatory research using cross sectional design. Proportional random was chosen by consecutive sampling technique amounted to 100 respondents based on criteria. The variables measured were predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values), reinforcing factor (officers who became a role model), enabling factors (facilities, rules/regulation), core-care (interpersonal, concern), as well as safety and occupational health. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Result and Analysis: Predisposing factors affecting safety and occupational health, value by t-count of 2.82 > t-table of 1.96. Reinforcing factors do not significantly affect occupational health and safety by t-count of 1.098 < t-table of 1.96. Enabling factors affecting occupational health and safety by t-count of 2.39 > t-table of 1. Factors of core and care factors affecting nurses’ safety and occupational health in managing patients in Benyamin Guluh Hospital, Kolaka Regency have t-count of 1.963 > t-table of 1.96. Discussion and Conclusion: Development of behavioral and nursing theories to nurses’ occupational health and safety showed R-square value of 39.5%. The new model structure are: predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values), enabling factors (facilities, rules / regulation), core (interpersonal relationships) and care (concern).Keywords: occupational health, behavior, nursing

Analysis of Nurse’s Occupational Health in Managing Patients in Benyamin Guluh Hospital Kolaka Regency

Introduction: Occupational health and safety are a system designed to ensure a good safety and health in the workplace. Nurses have a higher risk of accidents and occupational diseases due to managing patients The goal of analyze the relationship or the influence of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors, and the concept of core and care in nurses’ safety and occupational health issue nurs in managing patient. Methods: Type of study is explanatory research using cross sectional design. Proportional random was chosen by consecutive sampling technique amounted to 100 respondents based on criteria. The variables measured were predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values), reinforcing factor (officers who became a role model), enabling factors (facilities, rules/regulation), core-care (interpersonal, concern), as well as safety and occupational health. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Result and Analysis: Predisposing factors affecting safety and occupational health, value by t-count of 2.82 > t-table of 1.96. Reinforcing factors do not significantly affect occupational health and safety by t-count of 1.098 < t-table of 1.96. Enabling factors affecting occupational health and safety by t-count of 2.39 > t-table of 1. Factors of core and care factors affecting nurses’ safety and occupational health in managing patients in Benyamin Guluh Hospital, Kolaka Regency have t-count of 1.963 > t-table of 1.96. Discussion and Conclusion: Development of behavioral and nursing theories to nurses’ occupational health and safety showed R-square value of 39.5%. The new model structure are: predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values), enabling factors (facilities, rules / regulation), core (interpersonal relationships) and care (concern).