[Clinicopathological analysis of 187 cases of external nose skin tumors]

Objective:To explore the pathological types, distribution and characteristics of external nose skin tumors, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases, and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of external nose skin tumors. Method: The gender, age of onset, lesion location, lesion size, pathological type, course of disease and related risk factors of all 187 cases with external nose skin tumors in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Result:The sex ratio of patients with external nasal skin benign tumors was 1.10：1.00, and that of patients with external nasal skin malignant tumors was 0.97：1.00. There was no significant difference in the composition of benign and malignant patients(χ²=0.169,P=0.681). The peak age of skin tumors of the external nose is over 60 years old, accounting for 71.1%(133/187). There was a significant difference in the ratio of benign to malignant tumors among different age groups(χ²=31.378,P<0.001). The ratio of malignant tumors increased with age(χ²trend=28.741, P<0.001). The most common benign external nasal skin tumors were alar nasi(28 cases, 22.2%), nasal root(25 cases,19.8%), dorsal nasal(23 cases, 18.3%), tip nasi(22 cases, 17.5%) and paranasal(18 cases,14.3%). Malignant external nasal skin tumors were alar nasi(18 cases,28.5%), dorsal nasal(15 cases,24.6%) and tip nasi(11 cases,18.0%). Epidermal cellderived basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor(44 cases,72.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma(11 cases,18.0%). Conclusion: External nasal skin malignancies have the characteristics of the elderly at the peak age of onset, skin basal cell carcinoma is the most common, for the incidence of basal cell carcinoma constitutes the largest, so that early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment.

[The treatment of nose-eye correlated diseases with external nasal incision combined with nasal cavity approach surgery through endoscope]

Objective:To explore the indications and characteristics for the treatment of nose-eye correlated diseases with endoscopic surgery through external nasal incision combined with nasal cavity approach.Method:The clinical data of 13 patients whom hospitalized in our department and treated by endoscopic surgery through external nasal incision combined with nasal cavity approach since October 2011, were retrospectively analyzed and the characteristics of different pathological changes, clinical manifestations, surgical approach and follow-up results were summarized.Four cases of patients underwent endoscopic surgery through nasal cavity and lacrimal caruncle conjunctival incision, 4 cases received bone fracture reduction and DCR with endoscope through double path of nasal cavity and the original trauma wound, 2 cases with endoscopic bone tumor resection through nasal cavity and external nasal incision, the rest of the 3 cases with endonasal endoscopic and peri-orbit incision surgery.Result:Two cases of tumor patients showed no recurrence followed up for 1.5 to 2 years; the diplopia disappeared in 2 cases of orbital medial wall fracture; surgeries of 4 cases of orbital wall fracture with lacrimal duct obstruction patients, 3 cases succeeded, 1 case failed and change into dacryocystorhinotomy with external nasal incision, and epiphora of all patients vanished; all of the patients of sinus osteoma, foreign bodies and abscess were cured and symptoms disappeared; the symptoms of ectopic meningioma patient gradually died down with eyebrow scars left.Conclusion:The surgery with external nasal incision combined with nasal cavity approach through endoscope to treat noseeye correlated diseases can effectively deal with relevant pathological changes, with the advantages of clear operation field and less damage, but its exact indications and surgical methods still need to be further explored.

[Endonasal endoscopic surgery in treatment of medial recus muscle entrapment: the management and effectiveness]

Objective:To explore the indications , surgery method and effect for the treatment of medial rectus muscle entrapment with endoscopic surgery.Method: Eight medial rectus muscle entrapment patients were enrolled in this study,3 cases underwent obital medial wall fracture reposition and medial rectus muscle adhesion decomposition surgery through endonasal endoscope,and 5 cases received obital medial wall fracture reposition surgery with endoscope through nasal cavity and lacrimal caruncle conjunctival incision. Result:The diplopia disappeared and eyeball abduction function recovered in 6 cases of medial rectus muscle entrapment patients within 2 months,and 1 case with each surgery had mild diplopia and eyeball incomplete abduction left.Conclusion:Adopting endonasal endoscopic surgery or dual approaches surgery with endonasal endoscopic and transcaruncular surgery were ideal methods for medial rectus muscle entrapment diseases.Surgery with endoscope has the characteristics of clear field and less damage.The surgery should be performed whithin 3 weeks, and the entrapment of medial rectus muscle can be resoved effectively.

A CMOS millimeter-wave transceiver embedded in a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity for molecular spectroscopy

The extension of radio frequency complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry into millimeter wavelengths promises the extension of spectroscopic techniques in compact, power efficient systems. We are now beginning to use CMOS millimeter devices for low-mass, low-power instrumentation capable of remote or in situ detection of gas composition during space missions. We have chosen to develop a Flygare-Balle type spectrometer, with a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity to amplify the pump power of a mm-wavelength CMOS transmitter that is directly coupled to the planar mirror of the cavity. We have built a pulsed transceiver system at 92-105 GHz inside a 3 cm base length cavity and demonstrated quality factor up to 4680, allowing for modes with 20 MHz bandwidth, with a sufficient cavity amplification factor for mW class transmitters. This work describes the initial gas measurements and outlines the challenges and next steps.

Mutation spectrum and polymorphisms in ATP7B identified on direct sequencing of all exons in Chinese Han and Hui ethnic patients with Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease (WD), an autosomal recessive copper transport disorder, usually presents with symptoms involving the liver or central nervous system. The disease is caused by a large number of mutations in the ATP7B gene comprising 21 expressed exons. Some of the mutations appear to be population specific, whereas others are found in probands from a variety of different ethnic backgrounds. This paper presents the results of screening of the ATP7B gene by means of the direct sequencing of all exons in the gene in 39 Han and one Hui ethnic Chinese patients. Nineteen novel mutations were revealed along with nine others that have been previously described; 57.5% of the mutations were located in exons 8, 13, and 12. In particular, the Arg778Leu mutation in exon 8 was found in 55% of these Chinese patients in at least one allele. Five patients were homozygotes and 17 patients were heterozygotes for Arg778Leu. The detection rate on direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products of all exons of the ATP7B gene in 40 unrelated patients was 83.8% of alleles. Seventeen polymorphisms were also identified in patients and healthy controls. We first reported the presence of ATP7B mutations in Chinese Hui ethnic patients and summarize our results here along with the previously reported findings. A significant correlation between genotype and phenotype was not found in 37 homozygotes and 52 heterozygotes for Arg778Leu.