[A brief discussion on the inspiration and thinking of the Metaverse concept to promote the innovative development of intelligent medicine in China]

Created by digital technology,the Metaverse is a digital platform where the digital virtual world and the actual real world can coexist to some extent. Based on the integration of Metaverse and medical science,this article describes the great development of intelligent medicine in the fields of medical practice,medical education and medical research,especially in the field of surgery. First,the technical source of the Metaverse concept in the field of intelligent medicine can be traced back to technology to generate actual digital data sets from human anatomy. Second,the successful industrial practice of Metaverse in the field of intelligent medicine conforms to the authentic and credible fundamental purpose of "taking people as the first priority and serving people"， that is， "virtual" must be based on "actual" for "actual".

Furan fragment isomerized andirobin-type limonoids from the stem barks of Khaya senegalensis

A new andirobin-type limonoid with modified furan ring, khaysenelide K (1), together with a known analogue (2), was isolated from the stem barks of Khaya senegalensis. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction using mirror Cu-Kα radiation. Compound 1 showed moderate NO inhibitory activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC₅0 value of 27.74 ± 0.68 μM.[Formula: see text].

[The surgical management of benign diseases of the gallbladder should be treated with caution]

Surgical treatment of benign gallbladder disease seems relatively simple, but it causes many problems and controversies, which should not be ignored. According to the currently published related spirit of consensus guidelines and clinical practice, the treatment choices for five aspects of clinical problems should be paid attention to, and the problem for"blindly cholecystolithotomy"and "prudent choice cholecystectomy indications and surgical timing" were summarized and analyzed in order to cause enough attention for careful diagnostic and treatment of benign gallbladder diseases.

Motilibacter deserti sp. nov. and Motilibacter aurantiacus sp. nov., two novel actinobacteria isolated from soil of Cholistan Desert and emended description of the genus Motilibacter

Two novel actinobacterial strains, designated as E257^T and K478^T, were isolated from hyper-arid soil samples collected in Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that strains E257^T and K478^T were assigned to the genus Motilibacter, being their closest relative M. rhizosphaerae RS-16^T with 97.3% and 96.7% similarities, respectively. The sequence similarity between strain E257^T and K478^T was 98.9%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenomic analysis based on multiple genes of conserved core proteins exhibited that these two strains belonged to the genus Motilibacter and formed a robust cluster separated from the two type species of the genus Motilibacter. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), Average Amino acid Identity (AAI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP) calculated from the complete genome sequences indicated strains E257^T and K478^T were assigned into genus Motilibacter but clearly separated from each other and from the other species of the genus Motilibacter with values below the thresholds for species delineation. The two isolates were found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Motilibacter and also confirmed the differentiation from their closest species. The obtained results demonstrated that strains E257^T and K478^T represent two novel species of the genus Motilibacter, for which the names Motilibacter desertisp. nov. (type strain E257^T = JCM 33651^T = CGMCC 1.17159^T) and Motilibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. (type strain K478^T =JCM 33652^T =CGMCC 1.17229^T) are proposed.

Arthrobacter mobilis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Cholistan desert soil

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-mycelium-forming, motile, rod-shaped with one polar flagellum actinobacterium, designated E918^T, was isolated from a desert soil collected in Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E918^T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was most closely related to Arthrobacter deserti CGMCC 1.15091^T (97.2 % similarity). The peptidoglycan was of the A3α type and the whole-cell sugar profile was found to contain galactose. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H₂). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids identified were anteiso-C_15 : 0 and anteiso-C_17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.69 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain E918^T and A. deserti CGMCC 1.15091^T were 28.0 and 83.4%, respectively. On the basis of its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain E918^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter mobilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arthrobacter mobilis is E918^T (=JCM 33392^T=CGMCC 1.16978^T).

Auraticoccus cholistanensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil of the Cholistan Desert, and emended description of the genus Auraticoccus

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated as F435^T, was isolated from soil sample collected from the Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. The taxonomic position of the strain was established by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were coccoid-shaped and found in single or arrangement of pairs. The novel strain grew at 15‒37 °C (optimum, 25‒30 °C), pH 7‒11 (optimum, pH 7-8) and in the presence of 0‒8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Results of blast analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Auraticoccus monumenti MON 2.2^T was its closest relative with 97.4 % similarity followed by Desertihabitans aurantiacus CPCC 204711^T (95.2 %). In phylogenetic trees, strain F435^T formed a robust cluster with the only member of the genus Auraticoccus. The peptidoglycan isomer present in the cell wall was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acid was determined to be anteiso-C_15 : 0. Characteristic polar lipids of the strain were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). The genomic G+C content was calculated as 73.5 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (GGDC) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain F435^T and A. monumenti MON 2.2^T were 24.6 and 81.8 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, strain F435^T represents a novel specie of the genus Auraticoccus, for which the name Auraticoccus cholistanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F435^T (=JCM 33648^T=CGMCC 1.17443^T). The description of the genus Auraticoccus has also been emended.

Prediction of digestible energy of feed ingredients for growing pigs using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate in vitro DE (IVDE) of selected feed ingredients using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system (CCSDS) and predict DE of ingredients for growing pigs. Samples of 6 ingredients with a wide range in energy and nutrient profile were collected. The CP and GE contents ranged from 9.9 to 50.9% and 4,493 to 4,841 kcal/kg (DM basis), respectively. Two control diets were formulated to achieve different CP contents (12.5 and 20.0%). Three experimental diets were formulated by replacing 20% of the high-CP control diet with corn, wheat, or wheat bran, whereas 3 additional diets were formulated by replacing 20% of the low-CP control diet with soybean meal, rapeseed meal, or cottonseed meal. The DE was determined using barrows (n = 24; initial BW = 35.9 ± 1.9 kg) in 2 periods with 6 observations per diet treatment and ranged from 2,769 to 4,368 kcal/kg. The equation for the DE content (kcal/kg of DM) using chemical components as independent variables was DE = 4,186 + 0.06 × CP + 79.33 × ether extract - 14.57 × NDF - 47.99 × ADF, with R(2) = 0.995, residual SD (RSD) = 89.5 kcal/kg, CV = 2.4%, and P = 0.10 (chemical component values; %). The IVDE ranged from 2,289 to 3,724 kcal/kg and was highly related to the determined DE content of the ingredients (R(2) = 0.91, RSD = 193 kcal/kg, and CV = 5.2%). The relationship between IVDE:GE and DE:GE was very high (R(2) = 0.93, RSD = 3.8%, and CV = 4.7%). The average values of CV for IVDE (0.75%) and IVDE:GE (0.73%) were less than that for determined DE (2.58%) and DE:GE (2.54%), respectively. In conclusion, the IVDE content determined, using a CCSDS with relatively high accuracy and acceptable repeatability, might be used to predict DE of feed ingredients for growing pigs.