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Woodside JV, Nugent AP, Moore RE, McKinley MC. Fruit and vegetable consumption as a preventative strategy for non-communicable diseases. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36785878 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A high intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) has consistently been associated with a reduced risk of a number of non-communicable diseases. This evidence base is largely from prospective cohort studies, with meta-analyses demonstrating an association between increased FV intake and reduced risk of both CHD and stroke, although the evidence is less certain for cancer and diabetes. Controlled intervention trials examining either clinical or intermediate risk factor endpoints are more scarce. Therefore, evidence that FV consumption reduces the risk of disease is so far largely confined to observational epidemiology, which is hampered by some methodological uncertainties. Although increased FV intake is promoted across all dietary guidelines, national surveys confirm that dietary intakes are suboptimal and are not increasing over time. A range of barriers to increasing FV intake exist, including economic, physical and behavioural barriers that must be considered when exploring potential opportunities to change this, considering the feasibility of different approaches to encourage increased FV consumption. Such interventions must include consideration of context, for example, challenges and uncertainties which exist with the whole food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - A P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- G. W. Keilholtz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Reactor Chemistry Division Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - R. E. Moore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Reactor Chemistry Division Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - H. E. Robertson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Reactor Chemistry Division Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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Moore RE, Barton CJ. Radiation Doses from Hypothetical Exposures to Combustion Products of Plowshare Gas Discharged from Stacks. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt74-a31479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Moore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - C. J. Barton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Barton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - R. E. Moore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - S. R. Hanna
- Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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Ilberg D, Saphier D, Yiftah S, Duchatelle L, Nucheze LD, Robin MG, Brodrick JR, Lowe PA, Burchill WE, McCormick NJ, Schenter RE, McCormick NJ, Wantland JL, Fontana MH, MacPherson RE, Gnadt PA, Parsly LF, Wantland JL, Ward AL, Huet JJ, Leroy V, Krankota JL, Armijo JS, Leibowitz L, Williams C, Chasanov MG, Moore RE, Barton CJ, Tzou CK, Yang CM, Prasad KN, Jester WA, Remick FJ. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt74-a31467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Turner KH, Clement JD, Schneider RT, Campbell HD, Mack JM, Straalsund JL, Day CK, Barton CJ, Moore RE, Hanna SR, Philipp LD, Hoitink NC, Spear WG, Wood MR, Levitz N, Grosvenor DE, Vogler S, Teats FG, Quattropani N, Khandelwal GS, Wilson JW. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt73-a31328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Keilholtz GW, Lee JE, Moore RE. Irradiation Damage to Sintered Beryllium Oxide as a Function of Fast-Neutron Dose and Flux at 110, 650, and 1100°C. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse66-a17353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. W. Keilholtz
- Reactor Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - J. E. Lee
- Reactor Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - R. E. Moore
- Reactor Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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Jauho PAO, Mattila LJ, Khan EU, Milioti SJ, Sherman A, Ritzman RL, Gieseke JA, Walker TJ, James LA, Kerrisk JF, Clifton DG, Price RJ, Parks DE, Kunz ND, Gainer JL, Kelly JL, Schuske CL, Hunt D, Keilholtz GW, Moore RE, McLain ME. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt72-a31215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. W. Keilholtz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Reactor Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - R. E. Moore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Reactor Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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Martin EJ, Cooke EJ, Ceponis A, Barnes RFW, Moran CM, Holle S, Hughes TH, Moore RE, von Drygalski A. Efficacy and safety of point-of-care ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid joint injections in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia 2016; 23:135-143. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - E. J. Cooke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - A. Ceponis
- Division of Rheumatology; Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - R. F. W. Barnes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - C. M. Moran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - S. Holle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - T. H. Hughes
- Department of Radiology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - R. E. Moore
- General Musculoskeletal Imaging Inc; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - A. von Drygalski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
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Ferson K, Montgomery J, Moore RE, Millar BC, Leggett P, Coulter WA, Goldsmith CE, Moore JE. Reliability of self-reporting of antibiotic consumption in the community - Index of Reliability. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:468-70. [PMID: 24912052 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE To date, there is no evidence to indicate the reliability of how patients self-report their own antibiotic usage in the community. Such data are fundamental in supporting antimicrobial stewardship practices, and so there is a need to determine its accuracy and reliability. COMMENT Patients in the community (n = 476) were required to recollect their antibiotic usage in the past three months. Simultaneously, similar information was obtained by careful extraction from their respective medical notes, which was qualitatively compared with the patient's recollection. Overall, concordance was high (88·1%), but age (<20 and >80 years) and sex (female) were significant factors of reliability. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This study suggests that basic self-reporting of antibiotic usage amongst patients is relatively reliable, with increasing accuracy with years until 80 years. Where such information is critical, the current study can help decide who to interview and whose notes to interrogate, in the quest to obtain reliable and accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ferson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK; Durham University, Durham, UK
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Parker DL, Schram BR, Plude JL, Moore RE. Effect of Metal Cations on the Viscosity of a Pectin-Like Capsular Polysaccharide from the Cyanobacterium Microcystis flos-aquae C3-40. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:1208-13. [PMID: 16535287 PMCID: PMC1388825 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.4.1208-1213.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of purified capsular polysaccharide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis flos-aquae C3-40 were examined by capillary viscometry. Capsule suspensions exhibited similar viscosities between pH 6 and 10 but were more viscous at pH <=4 than at pH 6 to 11. At pH 7, a biphasic effect of metal ion concentration on capsule viscosity was observed: (i) capsule viscosity increased with increasing metal ion concentration until a maximal viscosity occurred at a specific concentration that was a reproducible characteristic of each metal ion, and (ii) the viscosity decreased with further addition of that ion. Because the latter part of the biphasic curve was complicated by additional factors (especially the precipitation or gelation of capsule by divalent metal ions), the effects of various metal chlorides were compared for the former phase in which capsule viscosity increased in the presence of metal ions. Equivalent increases in capsule viscosity were observed with micromolar concentrations of divalent metal ions but only with 10 to 20 times greater concentrations of Na(sup+). The relative abilities of various metal salts to increase capsule viscosity were as follows: CdCl(inf2), Pb(NO(inf3))(inf2), FeCl(inf2) > MnCl(inf2) > CuCl(inf2), CaCl(inf2) >> NaCl. This pattern of metal efficacy resembles known cation influences on the structural integrity of capsule in naturally occurring and cultured M. flos-aquae colonies. The data are the first direct demonstration of an interaction between metal ions and purified M. flos-aquae capsule, which has previously been proposed to play a role in the environmental cycling of certain multivalent metals, especially manganese. The M. flos-aquae capsule and the plant polysaccharide pectin have similar sugar compositions but differ in their relative responses to various metals, suggesting that capsular polysaccharide could be a preferable alternative to pectin for certain biotechnological applications.
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Hao MM, Moore RE, Roberts RR, Nguyen T, Furness JB, Anderson RB, Young HM. The role of neural activity in the migration and differentiation of enteric neuron precursors. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:e127-37. [PMID: 20082666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As they migrate through the developing gut, a sub-population of enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs) begins to differentiate into neurons. The early appearance of neurons raises the possibility that electrical activity and neurotransmitter release could influence the migration or differentiation of ENNCs. METHODS The appearance of neuronal sub-types in the gut of embryonic mice was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effects of blocking various forms of neural activity on ENCC migration and neuronal differentiation were examined using explants of cultured embryonic gut. KEY RESULTS Nerve fibers were present in close apposition to many ENCCs. Commencing at E11.5, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), calbindin and IK(Ca) channel immunoreactivities were shown by sub-populations of enteric neurons. In cultured explants of embryonic gut, tetrodotoxin (TTX, an inhibitor of action potential generation), nitro-L-arginine (NOLA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis) and clotrimazole (an IK(Ca) channel blocker) did not affect the rate of ENCC migration, but tetanus toxin (an inhibitor of SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion) significantly impaired ENCC migration as previously reported. In explants of E11.5 and E12.5 hindgut grown in the presence of TTX or tetanus toxin there was a decrease in the number nNOS+ neurons close to the migratory wavefront, but no significant difference in the proportion of all ENCC that expressed the pan-neuronal marker, Hu. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES (i) Some enteric neuron sub-types are present very early during the development of the enteric nervous system. (ii) The rate of differentiation of some sub-types of enteric neurons appears to be influenced by TTX- and tetanus toxin-sensitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hao
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Reed BE, Moore RE, Cline SR. Soil flushing of a sandy loam contaminated with Pb(II), PbS4 (s), PbCO3 (3), or Pb‐Naphthalene: Column results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15320389509383497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. E. Reed
- a Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6103, Morgantown, WV, 26506–6103
| | - R. E. Moore
- b Environmental Engineer, Omega Environmental Services of WA Inc. , 55 W. TechniCenter Dr., Suite C, Milford, OH, 45150
| | - S. R. Cline
- c Environmental Engineer, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. , Oak Ridge, TN, 37831–6036
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Moore RE, Young MK, Lee TD. Protein identification using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer and SEQUEST database matching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 16:Unit 16.10. [PMID: 18429128 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1610s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is described for rapid, sensitive protein identification utilizing liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis is performed on mixtures of peptides obtained by enzyme digestion. The SEQUEST computer program is used to match the sequence information in the spectra to a database of known protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Moore
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive incisional herniorrhaphy has become an accepted approach for incisional hernia. However, the ideal technique for this procedure is not known. The authors present their technique and personal experience with minimally invasive incisional herniorrhaphy. METHODS A retrospective review investigated 208 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive incisional hernia repair under the supervision of a single surgeon between 1995 and 2002. RESULTS An intraperitoneal mesh repair was performed in all cases. There were no conversions. The mean operative time was 2.1 h (range, 0.8-4.5 h). The mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days (range, 0-13 days). There were six complications, including two bowel perforations, and zero mortality. There were three recurrences during the follow-up period, which ranged from 6 to 72 months (median, 24 months). CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive incisional herniorrhaphy yielded an acceptable morbidity and recurrence rate during the follow-up period. The outcome compares favorably with that for open incisional hernia repair. Although long-term follow-up evaluation is desirable, the data support the contention that the minimally invasive approach is an appropriate option for incisional hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Frantzides
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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Lieberman MM, Patterson GM, Moore RE. In vitro bioassays for anticancer drug screening: effects of cell concentration and other assay parameters on growth inhibitory activity. Cancer Lett 2001; 173:21-9. [PMID: 11578805 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro growth inhibition assays were performed using human cancer cell lines at various concentrations with experimental anticancer drugs such as the cryptophycins and other cytotoxins. The effect of variations in assay parameters on the observed growth inhibition of these anticancer therapeutic agents was determined. The results demonstrated that the observed inhibitory activity of these compounds varied inversely with the cell concentrations used. The observed differences in activity between different cytotoxins were not necessarily proportionate. Thus, the relative activities of two toxins also varied with cell concentration. Furthermore, the sensitivity of these cell lines to the cytostatic purine analog, 6-mercaptopurine (used as a control), varied with cell concentration as well. The activity of this compound was dependent on the medium used for cell growth, yielding good activity in Eagle's minimum essential medium, but not in Ham's F-12 (Kaigin) medium. Moreover, growth inhibition by cryptophycin as well as 6-mercaptopurine was also dependent on the serum concentration in the medium. Finally, the sensitivity of the cancer cell lines to various organic solvents commonly used as drug vehicles for in vitro testing, such as ethanol, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide, was likewise found to vary inversely with cell concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Stevens SW, Barta I, Ge HY, Moore RE, Young MK, Lee TD, Abelson J. Biochemical and genetic analyses of the U5, U6, and U4/U6 x U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RNA 2001; 7:1543-1553. [PMID: 11720284 PMCID: PMC1370197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have purified the yeast U5 and U6 pre-mRNA splicing small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) by affinity chromatography and analyzed the associated polypeptides by mass spectrometry. The yeast U5 snRNP is composed of the two variants of U5 snRNA, six U5-specific proteins and the 7 proteins of the canonical Sm core. The U6 snRNP is composed of the U6 snRNA, Prp24, and the 7 Sm-Like (LSM) proteins. Surprisingly, the yeast DEAD-box helicase-like protein Prp28 is stably associated with the U5 snRNP, yet is absent from the purified U4/U6 x U5 snRNP. A novel yeast U5 and four novel yeast U4/U6 x U5 snRNP polypeptides were characterized by genetic and biochemical means to demonstrate their involvement in the pre-mRNA splicing reaction. We also show that, unlike the human tri-snRNP, the yeast tri-snRNP dissociated upon addition of ATP or dATP.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cold Temperature
- Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/isolation & purification
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Fungal Proteins/physiology
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Fungal
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenotype
- RNA Precursors
- RNA Splicing
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/isolation & purification
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/isolation & purification
- Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/isolation & purification
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/physiology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/isolation & purification
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/physiology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Zinc Fingers
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Stevens
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena 91125, USA
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Luesch H, Moore RE, Paul VJ, Mooberry SL, Corbett TH. Isolation of dolastatin 10 from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca species VP642 and total stereochemistry and biological evaluation of its analogue symplostatin 1. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:907-910. [PMID: 11473421 DOI: 10.1021/np010049y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The potent antitumor agent dolastatin 10 (1) was originally isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia, and we now report its isolation from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. VP642 from Palau. The chemically related analogue symplostatin 1 (2) has been reisolated from Guamanian and Hawaiian varieties of S. hydnoides and its total stereochemistry completed by determining the N,N-dimethylisoleucine unit to be L. Symplostatin 1 (2), like dolastatin 10 (1), is a potent microtubule inhibitor. The antitumor activity of 2 was assessed in vivo against several murine tumors. Symplostatin 1 (2) was effective against a drug-insensitive mammary tumor and a drug-insensitive colon tumor; however, it was only slightly effective against two MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Paul VJ, Corbett TH. Total structure determination of apratoxin A, a potent novel cytotoxin from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5418-23. [PMID: 11389621 DOI: 10.1021/ja010453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apratoxin A (1), a potent cytotoxin with a novel skeleton, has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula Harvey ex Gomont. This cyclodepsipeptide of mixed peptide-polyketide biogenesis bears a thiazoline ring flanked by polyketide portions, one of which possesses an unusual methylation pattern. Its gross structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis, including various 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of the amino acid-derived units were determined by chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products. The relative stereochemistry of the new dihydroxylated fatty acid unit, 3,7-dihydroxy-2,5,8,8-tetramethylnonanoic acid, was elucidated by successful application of the J-based configuration analysis originally developed for acyclic organic compounds using carbon-proton spin-coupling constants ((2,3)J(C,H)) and proton-proton spin-coupling constants ((3)J(H,H)); its absolute stereochemistry was established by Mosher analysis. The conformation of 1 in solution was mimicked by molecular modeling, employing a combination of distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics. Apratoxin A (1) possesses IC(50) values for in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines ranging from 0.36 to 0.52 nM; however, it was only marginally active in vivo against a colon tumor and ineffective against a mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Lee TD, Moore RE, Young MK. Introducing samples directly into electrospray ionization mass spectrometers using microscale capillary liquid chromatography. Curr Protoc Protein Sci 2001; Chapter 16:Unit 16.9. [PMID: 18429136 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1609s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This unit describes the design and operation of a microscale electrospray (ES) interface suitable for the on-line liquid chromatography (LC) separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of mixtures of peptides and proteins. The interface utilizes an ES needle packed with reversed-phase support. Such a design has the advantage of minimizing any void volume between the end of the column and point of electrospray ionization, thus maintaining the integrity of the LC separation and maximizing sensitivity. Here, protocols are presented for construction of an integrated LC column ES needle in-house, packing the ES needle, and mounting and using the microscale ES LC/MS interface assembly. Various options for low-flow solvent delivery systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Lee
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Yun CW, Bauler M, Moore RE, Klebba PE, Philpott CC. The role of the FRE family of plasma membrane reductases in the uptake of siderophore-iron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:10218-23. [PMID: 11120744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae takes up siderophore-bound iron through two distinct systems, one that requires siderophore transporters of the ARN family and one that requires the high affinity ferrous iron transporter on the plasma membrane. Uptake through the plasma membrane ferrous iron transporter requires that the iron first must dissociate from the siderophore and undergo reduction to the ferrous form. FRE1 and FRE2 encode cell surface metalloreductases that are required for reduction and uptake of free ferric iron. The yeast genome contains five additional FRE1 and FRE2 homologues, four of which are regulated by iron and the major iron-dependent transcription factor, Aft1p, but whose function remains unknown. Fre3p was required for the reduction and uptake of ferrioxamine B-iron and for growth on ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome, triacetylfusarinine C, and rhodotorulic acid in the absence of Fre1p and Fre2p. By indirect immunofluorescence, Fre3p was expressed on the plasma membrane in a pattern similar to that of Fet3p, a component of the high affinity ferrous transporter. Enterobactin, a catecholate siderophore, was not a substrate for Fre3p, and reductive uptake required either Fre1p or Fre2p. Fre4p could facilitate utilization of rhodotorulic acid-iron when the siderophore was present in higher concentrations. We propose that Fre3p and Fre4p are siderophore-iron reductases and that the apparent redundancy of the FRE genes confers the capacity to utilize iron from a variety of siderophore sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Yun
- Liver Diseases Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, USA
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24
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Luesch H, Pangilinan R, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Paul VJ. Pitipeptolides A and B, new cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:304-307. [PMID: 11277744 DOI: 10.1021/np000456u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclodepsipeptides have been isolated from a population of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula collected at Piti Bomb Holes, Guam. They appear to be unique to this particular Guamanian collection and have been named pitipeptolides A (1) and B (2). Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and by characterization of degradation products. Distinctive features include the presence of a 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-octynoic acid residue in 1 and a 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-octenoic acid residue in 2, previously shown to be biosynthetic signatures of cyanobacterial metabolites. Pitipeptolides A (1) and B (2) exhibit weak cytotoxicity against LoVo cancer cells, but possess moderate antimycobacterial activity and stimulate elastase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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25
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Falany ML, Thames AM, McDonald JM, Blair HC, McKenna MA, Moore RE, Young MK, Williams JP. Osteoclasts secrete the chemotactic cytokine mim-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:180-5. [PMID: 11178977 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are terminally differentiated, multinucleated cells of monocytic origin. In this study, we report that osteoclasts secrete a 35 kD protein and that phorbol myristate acetate treatment stimulates secretion dramatically. Peptide digests of the protein were analyzed by mass spectroscopy. The protein was identified as myb induced myeloid protein-1 precursor (mim-1 protein). Mim-1 is expressed specifically by hematopoietic cells and has no known function. It is homologous with the neutrophil chemokine, chondromodulin II, which stimulates proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Western analysis showed that osteoclasts secrete mim-1 into culture media. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated a cytoplasmic and perinuclear distribution of mim-1 in both avian osteoclasts and human osteoclast-like cells. Expression and secretion of a chemokine-like protein by osteoclasts suggests a novel signaling pathway in the bone microenvironment that may be involved in coordinating bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Falany
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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26
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Wu P, Hoven CW, Cohen P, Liu X, Moore RE, Tiet Q, Okezie N, Wicks J, Bird HR. Factors associated with use of mental health services for depression by children and adolescents. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:189-95. [PMID: 11157117 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined patterns of mental health service use among depressed children and adolescents and factors associated with help seeking and treatment modalities. METHODS The sample consisted of 206 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years who were assessed as part of a larger survey of mental health service use in five service systems and in the community and who met DSM-III-R criteria for depressive disorders (major depression or dysthymia). RESULTS Among the 206 children, 75 (36 percent) never received professional help for depressive symptoms. Among the 131 children who received professional help for depression, antidepressants were prescribed for 40 (31 percent) in the year before the interview. The findings indicate possible undertreatment of depression among children and adolescents, especially among African Americans. Socioeconomic factors, such as the mother's education and the child's health insurance, were not associated with receiving professional help for depressive symptoms but were associated with receiving antidepressants. Parental perception of a child's mental health service need was associated with receiving professional help but not with receiving antidepressants. Also, depressed children were more likely to receive antidepressants when they had life-threatening or severe symptoms, such as a suicide attempt or drug abuse. CONCLUSIONS Whether a depressed child receives mental health services and the types of treatment received are influenced by different individual and family factors and by the type of symptoms exhibited. Better understanding of these factors will help in meeting the service needs of depressed children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032, USA.
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27
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Golakoti T, Yoshida WY, Chaganty S, Moore RE. Isolation and structure determination of nostocyclopeptides A1 and A2 from the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. ATCC53789. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:54-59. [PMID: 11170666 DOI: 10.1021/np000316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and total structure determination of nostocyclopeptides A1 (1) and A2 (2) are described. These cyclic heptapeptides, which possess a unique imino linkage in the macrocyclic ring, are characteristic constituents of the cryptophycin-producing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. ATCC53789. 1D TOCSY experiments proved to be very useful in identifying the seven amino acid residues in each compound, and HMBC and NOESY correlations made it possible to sequence the seven units into a total gross structure. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by directly comparing the amino acids in the acid hydrolyzate of each natural product and its peroxide oxidation and borohydride reduction products with authentic standards. Studies were carried out on the biosynthesis and initiated on the biological activity of these cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Golakoti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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28
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Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Paul VJ. Isolation and structure of the cytotoxin lyngbyabellin B and absolute configuration of lyngbyapeptin A from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1437-1439. [PMID: 11076573 DOI: 10.1021/np000104n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An analogue of the potent microfilament-disrupter lyngbyabellin A (1) has been isolated as a minor metabolite from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula collected at Apra Harbor, Guam. It possesses slightly weaker cytotoxicity than 1 and has been named lyngbyabellin B (2). Primarily NMR spectroscopy was used to determine its structure. The absolute configuration of 2 has been ascertained by chiral HPLC analysis of degradation products and by comparison with lyngbyabellin A (1). The known modified tetrapeptide lyngbyapeptin A (3) has also been found in the same extract, and its absolute stereochemistry could be determined for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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29
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Croker CG, Pearcy JO, Stahl DC, Moore RE, Keen DA, Lee TD. An expert virtual instrument approach to the automated, data dependent MS/MS and LC/MS/MS analysis of proteins. J Biomol Tech 2000; 11:135-141. [PMID: 19499049 PMCID: PMC2291629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become an indispensable analytical tool for studies related to the structure and function of peptides and proteins. The variety of analytical methods, the range of instrument capabilities, and the complexity of the data obtained make it difficult for most laboratories to acquire the necessary expertise to make optimal use of their instrumentation.We describe an expert system approach to automating specific types of analyses in a way that makes it easier to transfer the capability to do specific experiments to other laboratories. Central to the approach is the creation of a computer program (ie, a virtual instrument) that controls the operation of physical components, analyzes incoming data, automatically adjusts instrument parameters to achieve the goal of the analysis, and reports the results. By interacting with the mass spectrometer through the computer operating system, it is possible to add useful functions to the system without altering any of the manufacturer-controlled data system software. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated by the automation of experiments to confirm the sequences of synthetic peptides and perform LC/MS/MS peak parking experiments and real-time database searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Croker
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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30
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Abstract
Six new metabolites have been isolated from a lyngbyastatin 2-producing strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula collected at Apra Harbor, Guam, and their structures elucidated. These linear lipopeptides have been assigned the trivial names apramides A-F (1-6). From a more recent collection of this cyanobacterium, a structurally related compound, apramide G (7), has been found instead of apramides A-F (1-6). Structure elucidation of the lipopeptides 1-7 is based on spectroscopic techniques and chiral chromatography of hydrolysis products. The apramides appear as NMR-spectroscopically distinguishable conformers in solution, and this has been ascribed to the presence of a thiazole-containing modified amino acid unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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31
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Feldman MJ, Bird HR, Hoven C, Moore RE, Bin F. Sexual attitudes and associated psychiatric features among youths in a community sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39:1047-54. [PMID: 10939234 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200008000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using an epidemiological sample of adolescents, this study examined associations between the acceptability of potential sex partners and psychiatric status. METHOD Subjects aged 14 to 17 years (N = 161) from the Columbia site of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study were grouped according to their responses about the acceptability of youths their age having sex with partners of (1) the opposite sex, (2) neither sex, and (3) either sex. Youths endorsing either sex were compared with youths endorsing the other two types of partners according to psychiatric indicators obtained from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3. RESULTS Higher-than-expected proportions of male and female youths endorsed sex partners of either sex as potentially acceptable for peers. Youths who did so abused substances and used mental health services more than peers but did not differ in rates of suicidal ideation or attempts. Males endorsing either sex also had higher rates of mood disorders and, compared with males endorsing only the opposite sex, a higher intelligence level. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes about the potential acceptability of sex partners for peers are associated with psychiatric morbidity and mental health service use in the respondent as well as with intelligence level in males. Youths who endorsed potential sex partners of either sex, especially males, appear to be at higher risk for multiple psychiatric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
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32
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Yun CW, Tiedeman JS, Moore RE, Philpott CC. Siderophore-iron uptake in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of ferrichrome and fusarinine transporters. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16354-9. [PMID: 10748025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001456200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of four putative transporters (Arn1p-4p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is expressed under conditions of iron deprivation and is regulated by Aft1p, the major iron-dependent transcription factor in yeast. One of these, Arn3p/Sit1p, facilitates the uptake of ferrioxamine B, a siderophore of the hydroxamate class. Here we report that ARN family members facilitated the uptake of iron from the trihydroxamate siderophores ferrichrome, ferrichrome A, and triacetylfusarinine C. Uptake of siderophore-bound iron was dependent on either the high-affinity ferrous iron transport system or the ARN family of transporters. The specificity of each siderophore for individual transporters was determined. Uptake of ferrichrome and ferrichrome A was facilitated by both Arn1p and Arn3p. Uptake of triacetylfusarinine C was facilitated by Arn2p, although small amounts of uptake also occurred through Arn1p and Arn3p. In contrast to the trihydroxamates, uptake of iron from the dihydroxamate rhodotorulic acid occurred only via the high-affinity ferrous iron system. Epitope-tagged Arn1p was expressed in intracellular vesicles in a pattern that was indistinguishable from that of Arn3p, whereas Ftr1p, a component of the high-affinity ferrous system, was expressed on the plasma membrane. These data indicate that S. cerevisiae maintains two systems of siderophore uptake, only one of which is located on the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Yun
- Liver Diseases Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, USA
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33
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Liang J, Moher ED, Moore RE, Hoard DW. Synthesis of cryptophycin 52 using the sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation: diol to epoxide transformation optimized for a base-sensitive substrate. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3143-7. [PMID: 10814209 DOI: 10.1021/jo9919862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of cryptophycin 52 (2) is reported using a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) strategy to install the epoxide moiety. The high stereoselectivity of the AD reaction that allows for an efficient means of preparing the epoxide is in contrast to the standard direct epoxidation of cryptophycin substrates, which proceeds with poor diastereoselectivity. Methodology for conversion of the diol AD product to the requisite epoxide is disclosed. The transformation has been optimized to proceed in high yield in the presence of base sensitive functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Abstract
Seasonal variations were assessed in symptoms of internalizing (anxiety and mood), externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders), and substance use disorders in youth. This study is based on secondary data analysis of two NIMH-funded epidemiologic-services studies: (a) Alternative Service Use Patterns by Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance (N=936, ages 9-17); and (b) Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (N=1285, ages 9-17). Child psychiatric diagnoses were measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Variables that indicate site of the interview and service system, as well as age, gender, and ethnicity, were used as covariates. Significant annual variations were found in symptom counts of overanxious disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and major depressive disorder, with the estimated nadir in August-October. There may be weak seasonal variations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with estimated nadir in August, oppositional defiant disorder with estimated nadir in August-September, and marijuana use with estimated zenith in August-September. Significant seasonality in alcohol, other substance use, agoraphobia, and panic disorder was not found. There may be an instrument-specific bias in estimated nadir. Real nadirs may be up to 3 months prior to the estimated nadirs specified above. Findings suggest that seasonality in symptoms should be considered when assessment instruments of childhood psychiatric disorders are developed, as well as when epidemiological and clinical data are collected and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kovalenko
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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35
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Abstract
A methodology is described for screening fragment ion spectra of peptides prior to database searching for protein identification. A software routine written in the Perl programming language was used to analyze data from previous Sequest database searches and develop a set of statistical descriptors that could be used to identify spectra not likely to yield useful results in a database search. A second Perl program used an evolutionary algorithm to optimize the criteria for each statistical descriptor and generate a formula for determining spectral quality. This formula was used by a third Perl program to screen data sets from four independent liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry runs. On the average, use of the screening program reduced the time required for a database search by 1/2 with little loss of useful information from the database search results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Moore
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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36
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Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Paul VJ, Mooberry SL. Isolation, structure determination, and biological activity of Lyngbyabellin A from the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:611-615. [PMID: 10843570 DOI: 10.1021/np990543q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lyngbyabellin A (1), a significantly cytotoxic compound with unusual structural features, was isolated from a Guamanian strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. This novel peptolide is structurally related to dolabellin (2) in that both depsipeptides bear a dichlorinated beta-hydroxy acid and two functionalized thiazole carboxylic acid units. Its gross structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis, including 2D NMR techniques. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was determined by chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products and by characterization of the degradation products methyl 7,7-dichloro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyloctanoate (3) and the corresponding acid 4. The total structure was further supported by molecular modeling studies. The isolation of 1 from L. majuscula once more supports the proposal that many compounds originally isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia are of cyanobacterial origin. Lyngbyabellin A (1) was shown to be a potent disrupter of the cellular microfilament network.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cyanobacteria/chemistry
- Depsipeptides
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- KB Cells
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/isolation & purification
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Stereoisomerism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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37
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Abstract
Studies on the biosynthesis of cylindrospermopsin (1), a potent hepatotoxin associated with the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, indicate that 1 is an acetogenin with guanidinoacetic acid serving as the starter unit of the polyketide chain. Feeding experiments show that C14 and C15 of 1 are derived from C1 and C2 of glycine, respectively, and C4 through C13 arise from five contiguous acetate units attached head to tail. The methyl carbon on C13 originates from the C(1) pool. The starter unit, established by the incorporation of [guanidino-(13)C,alpha-(15)N]-guanidinoacetic acid into N16 and C17 of 1, does not appear to be formed from glycine by known amidination pathways. The origin of the NH-CO-NH segment in the uracil ring is also unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Burgoyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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38
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Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Paul VJ. Lyngbyastatin 2 and norlyngbyastatin 2, analogues of dolastatin G and nordolastatin G from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 1999; 62:1702-1706. [PMID: 10654420 DOI: 10.1021/np990310z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lyngbyastatin 2 (1) and norlyngbyastatin 2 (2), new cytotoxic analogues of dolastatin G (3) and nordolastatin G (4), respectively, have been isolated as constituents from a Guamanian variety of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Structure elucidation of these cyclic depsipeptides relied on extensive application of 2D NMR techniques. The finding of these new metabolites further supports the proposal that many compounds originally isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia are most likely of cyanobacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA
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39
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Tanzer LR, Hu Y, Cripe L, Moore RE. A hot-start reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol that initiates multiple analyses simultaneously. Anal Biochem 1999; 273:307-10. [PMID: 10469503 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Tanzer
- Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285-0424, USA
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40
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Wu P, Hoven CW, Bird HR, Moore RE, Cohen P, Alegria M, Dulcan MK, Goodman SH, Horwitz SM, Lichtman JH, Narrow WE, Rae DS, Regier DA, Roper MT. Depressive and disruptive disorders and mental health service utilization in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:1081-90; discussion 1090-2. [PMID: 10504806 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199909000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of depressive and disruptive disorders with patterns of mental health services utilization in a community sample of children and adolescents. METHOD Data were from the NIMH Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study. The sample consisted of 1,285 child (ages 9-17 years) and parent/guardian pairs. Data included child psychopathology (assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children), impairment, child need and use of mental health services, and family socioeconomic status. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors, disruptive disorder was significantly associated with children's use of mental health services, but depressive disorder was not. For school-based services, no difference was found between the 2 types of disorders. Parents perceived greater need for mental health services for children with disruptive disorders than for those with depression. Conversely, depression was more related to children's perception of mental health service need than was disruptive disorder. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for more effective ways to identify and refer depressed children to mental health professionals, the importance of improving school-based services to meet children's needs, and the necessity to better educate parents and teachers regarding the identification of psychiatric disorders, especially depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wu
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Jimenez JI, Huber U, Moore RE, Patterson GM. Oxidized welwitindolinones from terrestrial fischerella spp. J Nat Prod 1999; 62:940. [PMID: 10395527 DOI: 10.1021/np990185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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42
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Harrigan GG, Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Nagle DG, Paul VJ. Symplostatin 2: a dolastatin 13 analogue from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides. J Nat Prod 1999; 62:655-658. [PMID: 10217737 DOI: 10.1021/np980553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An analogue of dolastatin 13 (2) has been isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, Symploca hydnoides, collected near Guam. This new cyclic depsipeptide contains a L-methionine sulfoxide residue; however, the sulfoxide exists as both R- and S-forms, resulting in the doubling of several signals in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Structure elucidation required extensive application of 2-D NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY. The trivial name symplostatin 2 (1) has been assigned to the new metabolite and its isolation from S. hydnoides further supports the proposal that many compounds originally isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia are most probably of cyanobacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Harrigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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43
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Abstract
The Helena REP cholesterol profile system (Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, TX) separates VLDL, LDL, HDL and Lp(a) by agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantitates cholesterol by enzymatic staining and densitometry. We compared results by electrophoresis to combined ultracentrifugation/precipitation (beta-quantification, BQ) for VLDL, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and to immunonephelometry for Lp(a) mass (Behring Diagnostics, Westwood, MA) in serum from 64 patients with a variety of lipid disorders. There was good agreement between methods, with a mean bias of -0.19 (-7.3), 0.09 (3.5), and 0.09 (3.4) mmol/l (mg/dl) for VLDL, HDL, and LDL cholesterol for electrophoresis vs. BQ. These differences were significant for HDL and VLDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), but not for LDL cholesterol measurement (P > 0.05). There was also good correlation between methods with coefficients of 0.83, 0.92, 0.91, and 0.97 for VLDL, HDL, Lp(a), and LDL, respectively. Our data indicate that this method can accurately and precisely measure LDL cholesterol directly in fresh serum from patients with a wide range of triglyceride values. However, HDL cholesterol measurement did not meet NCEP guidelines for precision and accuracy. Also, the poor resolution of VLDL and LDL in some specimens is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Contois
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, CT 06102, USA.
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44
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Abstract
3-Hydroxy-N-methylwelwitindolinone C isonitrile (3), 3-hydroxy-N-methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate (4), and the novel cyclic ether N-methylwelwitindolinone D isonitrile (6) are three new alkaloids from two terrestrial Fischerella spp. belonging to the Stigonemataceae. Photooxidation of N-methylwelwitindolinone C isonitrile (1) leads to isonitriles 3 and 6. Isonitrile 3 is readily hydrated to 3-hydroxy-N-methylwelwitindolinone C formamide (5), an artifact produced during the isolation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- JI Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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45
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Harrigan GG, Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Nagle DG, Biggs J, Park PU, Paul VJ. Tumonoic acids, novel metabolites from a cyanobacterial assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix calcicola. J Nat Prod 1999; 62:464-467. [PMID: 10096859 DOI: 10.1021/np980460u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five new metabolites have been isolated from a lyngbyastatin 1- and dolastatin 12-producing assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix calcicola collected at Tumon Bay, Guam. Structure elucidation employed 2D NMR techniques and chemical derivatization. These compounds have been assigned the trivial names tumonoic acids A (2), B (1), and C (5); methyl tumonoate A (3), and methyl tumonoate B (4). Compounds 1 and 4 were also found in a lyngbyastatin 1-producing strain of L. majuscula from Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Harrigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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46
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Glied S, Hoven C, Moore RE, Garrett AB. Medicaid and service use among homeless adults. Inquiry 1999; 35:380-8. [PMID: 10047768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of Medicaid recipiency on the level and site of medical service use among homeless single men and women in New York City. Simple regressions of Medicaid on service use indicate that Medicaid significantly increases the likelihood that homeless individuals receive services, especially emergency and inpatient hospital services. In further analyses that control for health status, use instrumental variables procedures, and examine differences between a similar population in 1985 and 1987, we find that Medicaid neither increases nor diminishes access to emergency rooms. We find some evidence suggesting that Medicaid does improve access to nonhospital medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glied
- Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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47
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Moore RE, Licklider L, Schumann D, Lee TD. A microscale electrospray interface incorporating a monolithic, poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) support for on-line liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and proteins. Anal Chem 1998; 70:4879-84. [PMID: 9852776 DOI: 10.1021/ac980723p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is described for creating a monolithic chromatography support within a pulled fused-silica electrospray needle. The monolith was formed from a mixture of styrene, divinylbenzene, 1-dodecanol, and toluene using 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the catalyst. The mixture was loaded into 150-micron-i.d. fused-silica capillary tubing with a pulled 5-10-micron needle tip at one end. Polymerization at 65 degrees C followed by removal of the porogen material yielded a stable, porous, monolithic support which had excellent properties for the separation and on-line, electrospray, mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and proteins. The performance of the monolith-filled electrospray needles was compared with similar needles filled with commercial C18 silica and polymeric particulate supports. Separation efficiencies for both protein and peptide mixtures were generally equal to or better than the particulate supports at comparable pressures and flow rates. The ion chromatograms derived from the on-line MS analysis were remarkably free from chemical background signals that often complicate the LC/MS analysis of femtomole amounts of sample. Good sequence coverage was obtained by LC/MS/MS analysis of the peptide mixture obtained from a protein isolated by silver-stained gel electrophoresis. The capability of the monolith to do peak parking experiments was demonstrated by the characterization of an immunoreactive HPLC fraction. The simple fabrication method, chromatographic performance, and robust nature of these microscale integrated column electrospray sources make them ideally suited for high-sensitivity tandem LC/MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Moore
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of The City Of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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48
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Huber U, Moore RE, Patterson GML. Isolation of a nitrile-containing indole alkaloid from the terrestrial blue-green alga hapalosiphon delicatulus. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:1304-1306. [PMID: 9784177 DOI: 10.1021/np9801561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambiguine G nitrile is a new indole alkaloid from the terrestrial blue-green alga Hapalosiphon delicatulus (UH isolate IC-13-1). It is the first nitrile to be found in the Stigonemataceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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49
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Harrigan GG, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Nagle DG, Park PU, Biggs J, Paul VJ, Mooberry SL, Corbett TH, Valeriote FA. Isolation, structure determination, and biological activity of dolastatin 12 and lyngbyastatin 1 from Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola cyanobacterial assemblages. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:1221-5. [PMID: 9784156 DOI: 10.1021/np9801211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lyngbyastatin 1 (1a), a new cytotoxic analogue of dolastatins 12 (2a) and 11 (4), was isolated as an inseparable mixture with its C-15 epimer (1b) from extracts of a Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola assemblage and a L. majuscula strain collected near Guam. Dolastatin 12 (2a) was also encountered as an inseparable mixture with its C-15 epimer (2b) in L. majuscula/S. calcicola assemblages. At least one of the compounds in each mixture appeared to exist in solution as a mixture of slowly interconverting conformers resulting in broadened signals in 1H NMR spectra. Structure elucidation therefore relied principally on mass spectroscopy and chemical degradation studies. Both 1ab and 2ab proved toxic with only marginal or no antitumor activity when tested against colon adenocarcinoma #38 or mammary adenocarcinoma #16/C. Both 1ab and 2ab were shown to be potent disrupters of cellular microfilament networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Harrigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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50
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Harrigan GG, Luesch H, Yoshida WY, Moore RE, Nagle DG, Paul VJ, Mooberry SL, Corbett TH, Valeriote FA. Symplostatin 1: A dolastatin 10 analogue from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:1075-1077. [PMID: 9748368 DOI: 10.1021/np980321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new solid tumor selective cytotoxic analogue of dolastatin 10 (1) has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides, collected near Guam. This metabolite has been assigned the trivial name symplostatin 1 (2). This discovery supports the proposal that many compounds isolated from the seahare Dolabella auricularia, the original source of the dolastatins, are of dietary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Harrigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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