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Brunelli M, Fusco L, Landig R, Wieczorek W, Hoelscher-Obermaier J, Landi G, Semião FL, Ferraro A, Kiesel N, Donner T, De Chiara G, Paternostro M. Experimental Determination of Irreversible Entropy Production in out-of-Equilibrium Mesoscopic Quantum Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:160604. [PMID: 30387649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.160604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By making use of a recently proposed framework for the inference of thermodynamic irreversibility in bosonic quantum systems, we experimentally measure and characterize the entropy production rates in the nonequilibrium steady state of two different physical systems-a micromechanical resonator and a Bose-Einstein condensate-each coupled to a high finesse cavity and hence also subject to optical loss. Key features of our setups, such as the cooling of the mechanical resonator and signatures of a structural quantum phase transition in the condensate, are reflected in the entropy production rates. Our work demonstrates the possibility to explore irreversibility in driven mesoscopic quantum systems and paves the way to a systematic experimental assessment of entropy production beyond the microscopic limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brunelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Fusco
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Landig
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Wieczorek
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J Hoelscher-Obermaier
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert-Einstein-Institute), Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Landi
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, 05314-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F L Semião
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Ferraro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - N Kiesel
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G De Chiara
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Kucsko G, Choi S, Choi J, Maurer PC, Zhou H, Landig R, Sumiya H, Onoda S, Isoya J, Jelezko F, Demler E, Yao NY, Lukin MD. Critical Thermalization of a Disordered Dipolar Spin System in Diamond. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:023601. [PMID: 30085738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Statistical mechanics underlies our understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. It is based on the assumption that out-of-equilibrium systems rapidly approach their equilibrium states, forgetting any information about their microscopic initial conditions. This fundamental paradigm is challenged by disordered systems, in which a slowdown or even absence of thermalization is expected. We report the observation of critical thermalization in a three dimensional ensemble of ∼10^{6} electronic spins coupled via dipolar interactions. By controlling the spin states of nitrogen vacancy color centers in diamond, we observe slow, subexponential relaxation dynamics and identify a regime of power-law decay with disorder-dependent exponents; this behavior is modified at late times owing to many-body interactions. These observations are quantitatively explained by a resonance counting theory that incorporates the effects of both disorder and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kucsko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P C Maurer
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Landig
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Sumiya
- Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Itami, Hyougo, 664-0016, Japan
| | - S Onoda
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - J Isoya
- Research Centre for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - F Jelezko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Mottl R, Brennecke F, Baumann K, Landig R, Donner T, Esslinger T. Roton-Type Mode Softening in a Quantum Gas with Cavity-Mediated Long-Range Interactions. Science 2012; 336:1570-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kolachevsky N, Alnis J, Parthey CG, Matveev A, Landig R, Hänsch TW. Low phase noise diode laser oscillator for 1S-2S spectroscopy in atomic hydrogen. Opt Lett 2011; 36:4299-4301. [PMID: 22048397 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a low-noise diode laser oscillator at 972 nm actively stabilized to an ultrastable vibrationally and thermally compensated reference cavity. To increase the fraction of laser power in the carrier we designed a 20 cm long external cavity diode laser with an intracavity electro-optical modulator. The fractional power in the carrier reaches 99.9%, which corresponds to an rms phase noise of φ(rms)2=1 mrad2 in 10 MHz bandwidth. Using this oscillator, we recorded 1S-2S spectra in atomic hydrogen and have not observed any significant loss of the excitation efficiency due to phase noise multiplication in the three consecutive two-photon processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kolachevsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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