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Hofer J, Gross R, Higgins G, Huebl H, Kieler OF, Kleiner R, Koelle D, Schmidt P, Slater JA, Trupke M, Uhl K, Weimann T, Wieczorek W, Aspelmeyer M. High-Q Magnetic Levitation and Control of Superconducting Microspheres at Millikelvin Temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:043603. [PMID: 37566828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the levitation of a superconducting lead-tin sphere with 100 μm diameter (corresponding to a mass of 5.6 μg) in a static magnetic trap formed by two coils in an anti-Helmholtz configuration, with adjustable resonance frequencies up to 240 Hz. The center-of-mass motion of the sphere is monitored magnetically using a dc superconducting quantum interference device as well as optically and exhibits quality factors of up to 2.6×10^{7}. We also demonstrate 3D magnetic feedback control of the motion of the sphere. The setup is housed in a dilution refrigerator operating at 15 mK. By implementing a cryogenic vibration isolation system, we can attenuate environmental vibrations at 200 Hz by approximately 7 orders of magnitude. The combination of low temperature, large mass, and high quality factor provides a promising platform for testing quantum physics in previously unexplored regimes with high mass and long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hofer
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), D-80799 München, Germany
| | - G Higgins
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), D-80799 München, Germany
| | - O F Kieler
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut, Center for Quantum Science (CQ) and LISA+, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - D Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut, Center for Quantum Science (CQ) and LISA+, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - P Schmidt
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J A Slater
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Trupke
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Uhl
- Physikalisches Institut, Center for Quantum Science (CQ) and LISA+, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Weimann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Wieczorek
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Aspelmeyer
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Gawel W, Wieczorek W, Dabrowski M, Kaminska H. Should paramedics use automated external defibrillators? Preliminary data. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36:2307-2308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Brunelli M, Fusco L, Landig R, Wieczorek W, Hoelscher-Obermaier J, Landi G, Semião FL, Ferraro A, Kiesel N, Donner T, De Chiara G, Paternostro M. Experimental Determination of Irreversible Entropy Production in out-of-Equilibrium Mesoscopic Quantum Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:160604. [PMID: 30387649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.160604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By making use of a recently proposed framework for the inference of thermodynamic irreversibility in bosonic quantum systems, we experimentally measure and characterize the entropy production rates in the nonequilibrium steady state of two different physical systems-a micromechanical resonator and a Bose-Einstein condensate-each coupled to a high finesse cavity and hence also subject to optical loss. Key features of our setups, such as the cooling of the mechanical resonator and signatures of a structural quantum phase transition in the condensate, are reflected in the entropy production rates. Our work demonstrates the possibility to explore irreversibility in driven mesoscopic quantum systems and paves the way to a systematic experimental assessment of entropy production beyond the microscopic limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brunelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Fusco
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Landig
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Wieczorek
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J Hoelscher-Obermaier
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert-Einstein-Institute), Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Landi
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, 05314-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F L Semião
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Ferraro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - N Kiesel
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G De Chiara
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Karpierz E, Niedzicki L, Trzeciak T, Zawadzki M, Dranka M, Zachara J, Żukowska GZ, Bitner-Michalska A, Wieczorek W. Ternary mixtures of ionic liquids for better salt solubility, conductivity and cation transference number improvement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35587. [PMID: 27767069 PMCID: PMC5073297 DOI: 10.1038/srep35587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We hereby present the new class of ionic liquid systems in which lithium salt is introduced into the solution as a lithium cation-glyme solvate. This modification leads to the reorganisation of solution structure, which entails release of free mobile lithium cation solvate and hence leads to the significant enhancement of ionic conductivity and lithium cation transference numbers. This new approach in composing electrolytes also enables even three-fold increase of salt concentration in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karpierz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Niedzicki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Trzeciak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Zawadzki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dranka
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Zachara
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Z Żukowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Bitner-Michalska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Wieczorek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
A new anion design concept, based on combining a boron atom as the central atom and conjugated systems as ligands, is presented as a route for finding alternative Li-salts for lithium-ion batteries. The properties of a wide range of novel anions designed in this way have been evaluated by DFT calculations focusing on three different fundamental success factors/measures: the strength of the cation-anion interaction, ultimately determining both the solubility and the ionic conductivity, the oxidation limit, determining their possible use vs. high voltage cathodes, and the reduction stability, revealing a possible role of the anion in the SEI-formation at the anode. For a few anions superior properties vs. today's existing or suggested anions are predicted, especially the very low cation-anion interaction strengths are promising features. The design route itself is shown to be versatile in determining the correlation between different choices of ligands and the resulting overall properties - where the most striking feature is the decreased lithium cation interaction energy upon using the (1Z,3Z)-buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetracarbonitrile ligands. This also opens avenues for the further design of novel anions beyond those with a boron central atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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Niedzicki L, Karpierz E, Bitner A, Kasprzyk M, Zukowska G, Marcinek M, Wieczorek W. Optimization of the lithium-ion cell electrolyte composition through the use of the LiTDI salt. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Machnes S, Cerrillo J, Aspelmeyer M, Wieczorek W, Plenio MB, Retzker A. Pulsed laser cooling for cavity optomechanical resonators. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:153601. [PMID: 22587250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A pulsed cooling scheme for optomechanical systems is presented that is capable of cooling at much faster rates, shorter overall cooling times, and for a wider set of experimental scenarios than is possible by conventional methods. The proposed scheme can be implemented for both strongly and weakly coupled optomechanical systems in both weakly and highly dissipative cavities. We study analytically its underlying working mechanism, which is based on interferometric control of optomechanical interactions, and we demonstrate its efficiency with pulse sequences that are obtained by using methods from optimal control. The short time in which our scheme approaches the optomechanical ground state allows for a significant relaxation of current experimental constraints. Finally, the framework presented here can be used to create a rich variety of optomechanical interactions and hence offers a novel, readily available toolbox for fast optomechanical quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Machnes
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany.
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Michelberger P, Krischek R, Wieczorek W, Ozawa A, Weinfurter H. Interferometric autocorrelation in the ultraviolet utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion inside an enhancement cavity. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1223-1225. [PMID: 22466202 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Autocorrelation is a common method to estimate the duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In the ultraviolet (UV) regime it is challenging to employ the process of second-harmonic generation, most prominently due to absorption in nonlinear crystals at very short wavelengths. Here we show how to utilize spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) to generate an autocorrelation signal in the infrared (IR) for UV pulses. Our method utilizes the nth-order emission of the SPDC process, which occurs for low pumping powers proportional to the nth power of the UV intensity. Thus, counting 2n down-converted photons directly yields the nth-order autocorrelation. The method, now with detection of near-IR photons, is applied to the first direct measurement of ultrashort UV pulses circulating inside a UV enhancement cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michelberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
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Tóth G, Wieczorek W, Gross D, Krischek R, Schwemmer C, Weinfurter H. Permutationally invariant quantum tomography. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:250403. [PMID: 21231565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.250403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a scalable method for the tomography of large multiqubit quantum registers. It acquires information about the permutationally invariant part of the density operator, which is a good approximation to the true state in many relevant cases. Our method gives the best measurement strategy to minimize the experimental effort as well as the uncertainties of the reconstructed density matrix. We apply our method to the experimental tomography of a photonic four-qubit symmetric Dicke state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Physics, The University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of suicide rates in China differ in many ways from those in the West. This study aimed to identify the risk factors characteristic for young rural Chinese suicides. METHOD This was a case-control psychological autopsy (PA) study. The samples were suicides and living controls (both aged 15-34 years) from 16 rural counties of China. We interviewed two informants for each suicide and each control with pretested and validated instruments to estimate psychosocial, psychiatric and other risk factors for suicides. RESULTS The prevalence of mental disorders was higher among the young Chinese who died by suicide than among the living controls, but was lower than among suicides in the West. Marriage was not a protecting factor for suicide among young rural Chinese women, and never-married women who were involved in relationships were about three times more likely to commit suicide than single women who were unattached. Religion/religiosity was not a protecting factor in Chinese suicide, as it tended to be stronger for suicides than for controls. Impulsivity was significantly higher for suicides than for controls. Psychological strain, resulting from conflicting social values between communist gender equalitarianism and Confucian gender discrimination, was associated significantly with suicide in young rural Chinese women, even after accounting for the role of psychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for suicide in rural China are different from those in the West. Psychological strain plays a role in suicide. Suicide prevention programs in China should incorporate culture-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- State University of New York College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
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Hekselman, Kalita M, Plewa-Marczewska A, Żukowska G, Sasim E, Wieczorek W, Siekierski M. Effect of calix[6]pyrrole anion receptor addition on properties of PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with LiTf and LiTfSI salts. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Niedzicki L, Żukowska G, Bukowska M, Szczeciński P, Grugeon S, Laruelle S, Armand M, Panero S, Scrosati B, Marcinek M, Wieczorek W. New type of imidazole based salts designed specifically for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ciosek M, Marcinek M, Żukowska G, Wieczorek W. Lithium transference number measurements and complex abilities in anion trapping triphenyloborane–poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether–lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate composite electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stolarska M, Niedzicki L, Borkowska R, Zalewska A, Wieczorek W. Structure, transport properties and interfacial stability of PVdF/HFP electrolytes containing modified inorganic filler. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wieczorek W. Problems of Maternity in Adolescents. Glob Bioeth 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2005.10800872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wieczorek
- Department of Pediatrics, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
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Stygar J, Biernat A, Kwiatkowska A, Lewandowski P, Rusiecka A, Zalewska A, Wieczorek W. Effect of Cation and Salt Concentration on Conductivity and Microstructure Characteristics of Polyether Electrolytes Doped with Alkali Metal Perchlorates. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Stygar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Biernat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Kwiatkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P. Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Rusiecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Zalewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - W. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
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Wieczorek W, Such K, Florjanczyk Z, Stevens JR. Polyether, Polyacrylamide, LiClO4 Composite Electrolytes with Enhanced Conductivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100078a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wieczorek W, Such K, Chung SH, Stevens JR. Comparison of Properties of Composite Polymeric Electrolytes Based on the Oxymethylene-Linked Poly(ethylene oxide) NaClO4 Electrolyte with Polyacrylamide or .alpha.-Al2O3 Additives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100087a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van Heumen J, Wieczorek W, Siekierski M, Stevens JR. Conductivity and Morphological Studies of TPU-NH4CF3SO3 Polymeric Electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100041a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Wieczorek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warszawa, Poland, and Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Experimental Physics, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G. Żukowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warszawa, Poland, and Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Experimental Physics, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D. Ostrovskii
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warszawa, Poland, and Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Experimental Physics, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Z. Florjańczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warszawa, Poland, and Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Experimental Physics, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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Welte J, Barnes G, Wieczorek W, Tidwell MC, Parker J. Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity. J Stud Alcohol 2001; 62:706-12. [PMID: 11702810 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.2001.62.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the prevalence and demographic distribution of problem gambling, pathological gambling, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in the United States, and to examine the co-occurrence of gambling pathology and alcohol pathology in the United States. METHOD A representative sample (N = 2,638) of U.S. adults age 18 and older was surveyed in the year 2000 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Respondents' gambling pathology and alcohol dependence were assessed by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). RESULTS Current pathological gambling had an overall prevalence of 1.3% as measured by the DIS and 1.9% as measured by the SOGS, with a higher prevalence among minorities and lower socioeconomic status (SES) respondents. Current and lifetime alcohol pathology was more common among males and young adults than among females and older adults. Current pathological gambling and alcohol dependence were correlated, and the highest correlation was found among higher SES respondents. CONCLUSIONS The rate of current pathological gambling in the United States is higher than reported in past surveys. Minorities and lower SES Americans have higher than average rates of current pathological gambling. However, when higher SES persons are classified as current pathological gamblers, they are more likely than lower SES persons to be dependent on alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Welte
- Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
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Zalewska A, Stygar J, Ciszewska E, Wiktorko M, Wieczorek W. The Effect of Type of Cation and Salt Concentration on Ion−Ion and Ion−Polymer Interactions in PEG−MSCN (M = Li, Na, K) Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zalewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J. Stygar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - E. Ciszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M. Wiktorko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - W. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
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Chung S, Wang Y, Greenbaum S, Bzducha W, Żukowska G, Wieczorek W. Characterization of perdeuterated H3PO4-doped nonaqueous gel electrolytes using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krupa B, Garanty-Bogacka B, Syrenicz M, Ciechanowska B, Wieczorek W, Goral J. [Selected markers of bone metabolism in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty]. Przegl Lek 2001; 57:87-92. [PMID: 10907349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine serum concentration and urinary excretion of selected parameters of bone metabolism in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) in the relation to pubertal stages. The study group consisted of 41 boys (aged 8 to 18 yrs) with CDGP. Patients were divided on the basis of Tanner's criteria into 4 groups according to the pubertal stage. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration as markers of bone growth, as well as urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) as a marker of bone resorption were determined. Serum AP activity in 31 (75.6%) boys was within normal age range. Mean values of serum AP activity increased insignificantly from I to IV stage of puberty. Serum OC concentrations were normal in 33 (80.5%) patients. Eight (19.5%) boys showed decreased values of serum OC concentration. Mean OC concentration insignificantly increased with the pubertal stages. DPD urinary excretion was within normal age range in all patients and was the highest in stage III of pubertal stage. No significant abnormalities of bone metabolism parameters in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krupa
- Samodzielna Pracownia Propedeutyki Chorób Dzieci Katedry Chorób Dzieci PAM
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Muscat R, Patel J, Trout S, Wieczorek W, Kruk Z. Dissociation of the effects of amphetamine and quinpirole on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens following behavioural sensitization: an ex vivo voltammetric study. Behav Pharmacol 2001; 4:411-418. [PMID: 11224210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of (+)-amphetamine or quinpirole was induced in rats by intermittent drug administration. Once established, endogenous dopamine release (DA) was measured in slices containing nucleus accumbens using fast cyclic voltammetry. DA release induced by single pulse electrical stimulation did not differ between vehicle-, (+)-amphetamine-or quinpirole-treated groups. Multiple pulse stimulation resulted in enhanced DA release in quinpirole-sensitized rats and an attenuation of DA release in (+)-amphetamine-sensitized rats. In the presence of sulpiride, DA release was increased, at low stimulation frequencies, in vehicle- and quinpirole-treated animals, but not in amphetamine-treated animals. The sensitivity of axon terminal D2 DA receptors was assessed in vitro by measuring the concentration of quinpirole required to inhibit single pulse release of DA by 50% (EC(50)). Quinpirole EC(50) was significantly increased in the quinpirole-treated animals and significantly attenuated in the (+)-amphetamine-treated animals. The results suggest that the increase in DA release following quinpirole may arise from the desensitization of release-regulating D2 autoreceptors in the nucleus accumbens. The sensitization of axon terminal D2 autoreceptors and the decrease in DA release following behavioural sensitization with (+)-amphetamine is difficult to reconcile with a unitary explanation of behavioural sensitization to both quinpirole and (+)-amphetamine. It is suggested that the effects following (+)-amphetamine may be secondary to decreased axon traffic caused by DA displacement in the ventral tegmental area, and that the drugs examined in this study may induce behavioural sensitization by different mechanisms at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Muscat
- Department of Pharmacology, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK
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Marcinek M, Bac A, Lipka P, Zalewska A, Żukowska G, Borkowska R, Wieczorek W. Effect of Filler Surface Group on Ionic Interactions in PEG−LiClO4−Al2O3 Composite Polyether Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0021493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Marcinek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Bac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P. Lipka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Zalewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - G. Żukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - R. Borkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - W. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowkiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
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Garanty-Bogacka B, Wieczorek W, Syrenicz M. Neurodevelopmental dysfunction and specific learning disabilities in school-aged twins. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 2000; 47:205-13. [PMID: 10916565 DOI: 10.1017/s000156600000012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of the developmental dysfunction and specific learning disabilities were assessed in the retrospective study in the group of 56 school-aged twins. The relationships between genetic, perinatal and social factors and learning disability were also determined. It was found that 12.5% of twins had learning disabilities. The most common neurodevelopmental dysfunction were language disorders, poor graphomotor fluency and poor fine motor dexterity. It was also found that educational difficulty were associated with prematurity, low Apgar scores, neonatal complications and familial predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garanty-Bogacka
- Department of Pediatrics, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
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Jeffrey KR, Wieczorek W, Raducha D, Stevens JR. Dynamics of the hydrogen and phosphate ions in proton conducting gel/D3PO4 electrolytes: A 2H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pietrusiewicz KM, Patsanovsky II, Kataev VE, Ishmaeva EA, Kataev AV, Wieczorek W, Zygo K. Structure Features of 1,3,5-Tris(Diphenylphosphinoxidemethylene)Ben zene in Crystal and Solution on the Base of X-Ray, Dipole Moments and Quantum Chemical Analysis. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509908053635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Michal Pietrusiewicz
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Maria Curie-Sklodovska University , Lublin , 20031 , Poland
| | | | - Vladimir E. Kataev
- c A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , Kazan , 420088 , Russia
| | | | | | - W. Wieczorek
- d Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Lodz , 90-924 , Lodz , Poland
| | - K. Zygo
- d Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Lodz , 90-924 , Lodz , Poland
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Wieczorek W, Lipka P, Żukowska G, Wyciślik H. Ionic Interactions in Polymeric Electrolytes Based on Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)s. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wieczorek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P. Lipka
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - G. Żukowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - H. Wyciślik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Wieczorek
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A. Zalewska
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - D. Raducha
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Z. Florjańczyk
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
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Wieczorek W, Stevens JR. Impedance Spectroscopy and Phase Structure of Polyether−Poly(methyl methacrylate)−LiCF3SO3 Blend-Based Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962517w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wieczorek
- Department of Physics University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Raducha
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. Wieczorek
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z. Florjańczyk
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Ionic conductivity in polymer–salt electrolytes occurs in the amorphous regions of the complex. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the best polyether for complexing salts. Unfortunately, it is partially crystalline at ambient temperatures. With inorganic (i.e., alumina) or organic (i.e., poly(acrylamide) (PAAM)) fillers the crystallization of PEO is inhibited and the room temperature conductivity is enhanced in these mixed phase systems by over two orders of magnitude (to ~ 10−4 S/cm) above the base PEO–salt system (<10− S/cm). Even adding PAAM to an initially amorphous system (oxymethylene-linked PEO–LiClO4) increases the room temperature conductivity by 2 to 3 times. Various alkali metal salts (Li, Na) and NH4SCN are used with α-Al2O3, θ-Al2O3, PAAM′ and poly(N,N′-dimethyl acrylamide) as fillers. The aluminas stiffen the complex and increase Tg. The addition of the organic fillers lowers Tg, as is to be preferred. It is suggested that changes in the conductivity with changes in salt and filler concentration are due to changes in the ultrastructure and morphology and are the result of an equilibrium between various Lewis acid – Lewis base reactions. Qualified success has been achieved in modelling ionic conductivity in these composite electrolyte systems using an effective medium approach. In this approach it has been assumed that the main conductivity enhancement takes place in thin amorphous layers of the polyether that coat the dispersed polyacrylamide particles separated in a microphase. In the best complexes this layer is identified by a second Tg. Key words: polyethers, composites, ionic conductivity, phase structure, Lewis acids and bases.
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Wieczorek W. [Arrhythmias and conduction block in the newborns of mothers who had received long-term tocolytic therapy]. Ginekol Pol 1996; 67:398-402. [PMID: 9139008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) were studied prospectively in 48 newborns exposed in utero to prolonged tokolytic therapy to beta-sympathomimetics and in 30 newborns non-exposed in utero to beta-mimetics. Duration of exposure to tocolysis was at least 7 days, mean 51 +/- 36 days. The ECGs were made in 1-st and 3-rd day of life. The ECGs were estimated for duration the QT interval (as corrected QT-QTc) Cardiac event in 16 newborns from treated group and in 16 newborns from control group were examined in 1-st day of life on a Holter monitor. It was found that, the prolongation of QTc time, the ventricular extrasystole and the atrioventricular blocks second degree (Wenckenbach's period) were occurred more often in the newborns whose mother had taken beta-mimetic drugs then in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wieczorek
- Zakładu Propedeutyki Chorób Dzieci Katedry Chorób Dzieci PAM w Szczecinie
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zalewska
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. Wieczorek
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Wieczorek W, Zalewska A, Raducha D, Florjańczyk Z, Stevens JR, Ferry A, Jacobsson P. Polyether, Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), and LiClO4 Composite Polymeric Electrolytes. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma950672n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wieczorek W, Kruk ZL. Influences of neuronal uptake and D2 autoreceptors on regulation of extracellular dopamine in the core, shell and rostral pole of the rat nucleus accumbens. Brain Res 1995; 699:171-82. [PMID: 8616619 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00894-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fast cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices containing the nucleus accumbens, was used to examine the regulation of the extracellular concentration of electrically stimulated dopamine overflow in the core, shell and rostral pole. One microM (-)-sulpiride, significantly increased dopamine overflow in all 3 regions but only when the duration of stimulation was greater than 500 ms. One microM cocaine, significantly potentiated dopamine overflow in all 3 regions following all patterns of stimulation. In the presence of 1 microM cocaine, superfusion with 1 microM (-)-sulpiride did not result in a further increase in dopamine overflow at any frequency of stimulation in the rostral pole, but significant increases in dopamine overflow were observed after stimulation with 20 pulses at 10 or 20 Hz in the core or shell; the degree of potentiation was greater in the shell than core. Quinpirole inhibited single pulse stimulated dopamine overflow in a concentration dependent manner (maximum inhibition (100%) in all regions) but was significantly less potent in the rostral pole than in the core or shell. Increasing the number of pulses to 2 or 4 pulses at 50 Hz resulted in a shift of the quinpirole dose-response curve to the right in all regions and in the rostral pole, a significant reduction in the maximum inhibition of dopamine overflow to both stimulation parameters. In the shell a significant reduction in maximum inhibition was only seen with 4 pulses at 50 Hz stimulation, whereas in the core there was no change in the maximum inhibitory effect of quinpirole. Neuronal uptake and D2 autoreceptor activity contribute to regulation of the extracellular concentration of dopamine in core, shell and rostral pole. The relative importance of either uptake or autoreceptor control is region and stimulus dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacology, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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Wieczorek W. [3,3-Dimethyl-1-(2-pyridylthio)butyl]methyl(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphine Oxide. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195004100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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