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Chapman RM, Anderson K, Green J, Leitch JA, Gambhir S, Kenny GNC. Evaluation of a new effect-site controlled, patient-maintained sedation system in dental patients. Anaesthesia 2006; 61:345-9. [PMID: 16548953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed a new effect-site controlled, patient-maintained sedation system for delivering propofol. In the previous systems we developed, the patients retained the use of the handset throughout the procedure and were able to increase the level of sedation. However, it was found that this could potentially lead to oversedation. In the present system, the patients were able to increase their level of sedation until a level was reached that was judged by the patients as being adequate to allow them to tolerate the injection of dental local anaesthetic. The handset was then taken from the patients and the effect site concentration of propofol was maintained at that level for the remainder of the procedure. To assess its safety and efficacy, the system was used to sedate 40 patients presenting for dental procedures under sedation. The system was used successfully and treatment was completed in 39 patients. The system was found to be safe. Both surgeon and patient approval scores were high. Although this study demonstrates the efficacy of effect-site controlled, patient-maintained propofol sedation in this group of patients, further work is required to confirm its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Chapman
- Department of Anaesthesia, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
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2
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Corcoran MM, Mould SJ, Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Chapman RM, Boright AP, Platt C, Tsui LC, Scherer SW, Oscier DG. Dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma through chromosome 7q translocations. Oncogene 1999; 18:6271-7. [PMID: 10597225 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The increased or inappropriate expression of genes with oncogenic properties through specific chromosome translocations is an important event in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Recent studies have found deletions or translocations of chromosome 7q to be the most common cytogenetic abnormality observed in SLVL, a leukemic variant of SMZL, with the q21-q22 region being most frequently affected. In three patients with translocations between chromosomes 2 and 7, the cloning of the breakpoints at 7q21 revealed that each was located within a small region of DNA 3.6 kb upstream of the transcription start site of cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). In each case the translocation event was consistent with aberrant VJ recombination between the immunoglobulin light chain region (Ig kappa) on chromosome 2p12 and DNA sequences at 7q21, resembling the heptamer recombination site. The t(7;21) breakpoint in an additional patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), resided 66 kb telomeric to the t(2;7) breakpoints juxtaposing CDK6 to an uncharacterized transcript. In two of the SLVL patient samples, the CDK6 protein was found to be markedly over expressed. These results suggest that dysregulation of CDK6 gene expression contributes to the pathogenesis of SLVL and SMZL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/ultrastructure
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Induction
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/enzymology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Deletion
- Splenic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Splenic Neoplasms/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Corcoran
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
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3
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Corcoran MM, Rasool O, Liu Y, Iyengar A, Grander D, Ibbotson RE, Merup M, Wu X, Brodyansky V, Gardiner AC, Juliusson G, Chapman RM, Ivanova G, Tiller M, Gahrton G, Yankovsky N, Zabarovsky E, Oscier DG, Einhorn S. Detailed molecular delineation of 13q14.3 loss in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1998; 91:1382-90. [PMID: 9454769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A region of chromosome 13q14.3, telomeric to the Retinoblastoma gene RB-1 is frequently deleted in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). A cosmid and P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) contig spanning over 600 kb has been constructed, which encompasses this locus. The contig clones have been used to order a number of markers along the minimally deleted region and to localize a series of CpG islands corresponding to possible candidate genes. A novel polymorphic dinucleotide repeat, 6E3.2, present in one of the ordered cosmid clones has been isolated for use in deletion mapping studies of patient DNA. Leukemic samples from 229 CLL patients have been screened for loss of heterozygosity using microsatellite markers and analyzed for hemizygous and homozygous deletions by Southern blot techniques using genomic probes selected from cosmids across the region. Hemizygous deletions were found in 31% of cases with an additional 10% showing homozygous loss. The use of these probes has defined the commonly deleted area to less than 130 kb, centromeric to the locus D13S272.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Corcoran
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
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Hantz EC, Kreilick KG, Marvin EW, Chapman RM. Absolute pitch and sex effect event-related potential activity for a melodic interval discrimination task. J Acoust Soc Am 1997; 102:451-460. [PMID: 9228807 DOI: 10.1121/1.419718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Absolute pitch is a special ability which allows for special perceptual/cognitive strategies. Studies have shown differences in event-related scalp potentials between absolute-pitch (AP) and relative-pitch (RP) subjects of equal musical training. In this study, highly trained musicians (15 females/15 males) performed a melodic interval discrimination task, using intervals on-pitch in equal-tempered tuning (A4 = 440 Hz) and tuned a half-semitone sharp. Subjects identified target intervals (probability 0.2) in a series of 400 randomly transposed intervals. AP subjects were expected to perform differently across intonation conditions, whereas RP subjects were not. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from three midline sites and two lateral sites. ERPs were analyzed by principal component analysis of variance. Sex was also considered as an independent subject variable. Performance was not significantly different either by absolute pitch or sex. Reaction times did not reveal any significant interactions involving AP or sex, but showed a significant effect by response type (target/nontarget). Strong P3 activity appeared to the target melodic intervals regardless of subject group or intonation. PCA factors with maxima at 352, 511, and 709 ms were sensitive to task relevance. Males showed greater positivity than females along the midline. A significant intonation by response type by sex interaction indicated a greater spread of values for females than males, and greater similarity in response by sex for the sharp than the on-pitch intervals. AP subjects showed reduced P3 activity along the midline, but increased over lateral sites. In a difficult musical task, the ERPs were sensitive to the sex of the listeners, as well as to whether they had absolute pitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Hantz
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA
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5
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Ibbotson RE, Chapman RM, Corcoran MM, Oscier DG. PCR analysis of polymorphisms at the D13S25 locus. Leukemia 1996; 10:1712-4. [PMID: 8892672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that the D13S25 locus lies close to a potential tumour suppressor gene implicated in the pathogenesis of B-CLL has been based on detection of LOH and bi-allelic loss using the pH2-42 probe. The SspI polymorphism detected by this probe has been identified by sequencing adjacent clones and a polymorphic (TA)n repeat has been found. Amplification of the region encompassing both polymorphic markers by PCR increases the informativity to 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ibbotson
- Molecular Biology, Pathology Department, Bournemouth General Hospital, UK
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6
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Abstract
Although female/male cognitive differences have been studied for some time, little is known about such differences relative to music. Highly-trained musicians (15 females and 15 males) performed a memory task for musical timbre modeled after the missing-displaced visual object test known to favor female performance. Subjects were tested on memory for a timbre missing from a previously presented set of synthesized instrumental timbres, and a control series of white noise bursts at two different intensity levels. Subjects were given the missing-displaced visual object test and ERPs were recorded from three midline sites and two lateral sites. Waveforms were subjected to a principal component analysis and analysis of variance. Females and males performed equally well on both of the auditory series and the visual object test. Both auditory series elicited several ERP components: a strong early peak to the white noise, and both early (P3a) and late (P3b) peaks to the timbre series. PCA factor, maximum at 675 ms (P3b), showed a main effect for sex across both series with males > females. PCA factor, maximum at 336 ms (P3a), showed larger Fz to Pz differential for females than males for both auditory series. Females show a greater differentiation between targets and nontargets in the white noise series, suggesting greater sensitivity to changes in intensity. Interactions involving absolute pitch also appeared in the sensory processing time frames. Although the behavioral measures did not show significant sex differences, the ERP measures did show reliable task-related sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Hantz
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
Between the acquisition of Evoked Potential (EP) data and their interpretation lies a major problem: What to measure? An approach to this kind of problem is outlined here in terms of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). An important second theme is that experimental manipulation is important to functional interpretation. It would be desirable to have a system of EP measurement with the following characteristics: (1) represent the data in a concise, parsimonous way; (2) determine EP components from the data without assuming in advance any particular waveforms for the components; (3) extract components which are independent of each other; (4) measure the amounts (contributions) of various components in observed EPs; (5) use measures that have greater reliability than measures at any single time point or peak; and (6) identify and measure components that overlap in time. PCA has these desirable characteristics. Simulations are illustrated. PCA's beauty also has some warts that are discussed. In addition to discussing the usual two-mode model of PCA, an extension of PCA to a three-mode model is described that provides separate parameters for (1) waveforms over time, (2) coefficients for spatial distribution, and (3) scores telling the amount of each component in each EP. PCA is compared with more traditional approaches. Some biophysical considerations are briefly discussed. Choices to be made in applying PCA are considered. Other issues include misallocation of variance, overlapping components, validation, and latency changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Chapman
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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8
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Chapman RM, Corcoran MM, Gardiner A, Hawthorn LA, Cowell JK, Oscier DG. Frequent homozygous deletions of the D13S25 locus in chromosome region 13q14 defines the location of a gene critical in leukaemogenesis in chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncogene 1994; 9:1289-93. [PMID: 8134133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia show structural abnormalities involving the 13q14 chromosome region as the only karyotypic change in a significant proportion of tumours. This observation suggests the location of a gene important in leukaemogenesis. A series of 68 BCLL tumours have been analysed for allele loss using a series of probes from 13q14. Using intragenic polymorphic markers from the retinoblastoma predisposition gene LOH was observed in 25% of tumours including 3/6 showing cytogenetically obvious deletions of the 13q14 region and 3/6 showing translocations involving 13q14. However, three deletions with proximal breakpoints in 13q14 did not show allele loss, demonstrating that the breakpoint lay distal to RB1. Using the D13S25 locus, which lies 1.6 cM distal to RB1, allele loss was seen in 90% of tumours with structural rearrangements of 13q14 and 75% of tumours with an apparently normal karyotype. 50% of these tumours showed homozygous loss of D13S25, suggesting that a 'tumour suppressor gene' lies in this region. The more distal D13S31 locus, 1 cM distal to D13S25, was infrequently involved in allele loss demonstrating that the minimum region of overlap for homozygous deletions is approximately 1 Mbp around the D13S25 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Chapman
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, London
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9
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Corcoran MM, Ibbotson RE, Lu WZ, Chapman RM, Oscier DG. Methylation analysis by means of PCR SSCP: application to clonality studies. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:4655. [PMID: 8233812 PMCID: PMC311212 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.19.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M Corcoran
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, UK
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10
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Abstract
Evoked Potentials (EP) were recorded to visual presentation of words in phrases. Three EP components, P250, N400, P560, and their dependence on the role that each word plays in the phrase were studied. Subjects were requested to perform a congruity/incongruity task after the presentation of short phrases of two-types that differed in the position of meaningful keywords. We show how these keywords contribute substantially to N400 and possibly to P560 but do not reliably affect P250.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salustri
- Istituto di Elettronica dello Stato Solido (CNR), Roma Italy
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11
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Ricci GB, Chapman RM, Erné SN, Narici L, Peresson M, Pizzella V, Romani GL, Torrioli G, Cilli M. Neuromagnetic topography of photoconvulsive response in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 75:1-12. [PMID: 1688764 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90147-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neuromagnetic method was applied to the study of photoconvulsive responses. The identification of specific magnetic field distributions over the scalp was achieved by; (a) a stimulation paradigm consisting of series of trains of flicker stimuli randomly presented to the epileptic patient, after eye closure, to get epileptic responses while avoiding seizures; (b) a novel procedure for data analysis, to select consistent responses. These patterns, when sufficiently stable in time and dipolar in shape, were used for source localization in the usual biomagnetic framework of the equivalent current dipole source representation. The results of this approach suggest that different specific cortical areas are repeatedly and randomly activated, involving mainly the frontal, occipital and temporal areas, often with a hemispheric prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Ricci
- Istituto di Elettronica dello Stato Solido, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
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12
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Salustri C, Chapman RM. A simple method for 3-dimensional localization of epileptic activity recorded by simultaneous EEG and MEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989; 73:473-8. [PMID: 2480882 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple method is presented to average target patterns in the magnetoencephalographic trace of epileptic activity by finding markers in an EEG channel. This method proves to be useful even in cases of low magnetic signal-to-noise ratio. After simultaneously recording electric and magnetic activity the user chooses in the electric trace a template of interest and determines within the same trace all the time points at which the EEG pattern is highly correlated with the chosen template. The magnetic trace portions recorded at those times are averaged together, extracting in this way the magnetic signal from the noise. The MEG results are applied to localize in the brain the active sources that contribute to the recorded signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salustri
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, NY 14627
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13
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Chapman RM. Tobacco or health? Mo Med 1989; 86:81. [PMID: 2761510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Schwarzkopf SB, Chapman RM, Jimenez M, Treglia L, Kane CF, Lamberti JS, Nasrallah HA. Familial and sporadic schizophrenia: visual evoked potential differences. Biol Psychiatry 1988; 24:828-33. [PMID: 3228568 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Schwarzkopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210
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15
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Chapman RM. Salute to emergency medicine physicians. Mo Med 1988; 85:583-4. [PMID: 3173329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Jeter KF, Chapman RM, Tintle T, Davis A. Comprehensive wound management with a starch-based copolymer dressing. J Enterostomal Ther 1986; 13:217-25. [PMID: 3640776 DOI: 10.1097/00152192-198611000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Chapman RM, Ilmoniemi RJ, Barbanera S, Romani GL. Selective localization of alpha brain activity with neuromagnetic measurements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 58:569-72. [PMID: 6209107 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(84)90047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A method of localizing brain activity by a new combination of magnetic and electrical recording, relative covariance, is described. The successful application of this method to alpha EEG is reported. Spontaneous human brain activity was recorded simultaneously with fixed scalp electrodes and a movable magnetometer. The analysis was restricted to the alpha rhythm, which was selected by a narrow bandpass filter centered at the observed alpha frequency. For each magnetometer location, the ratio of the covariance of the magnetic and electric signals to the electric variance was calculated, producing a map reflecting the magnetic field pattern. Clear maxima of opposite polarity over the left and right parietotemporal areas indicate bilateral current source areas near the midline, in the vicinity of the calcarine fissure, at a depth of 4-6 cm from the scalp. This relative covariance method may prove generally useful in localizing bioelectrical sources such as spontaneous brain rhythms.
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Chapman RM. On cancer clustering. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1984; 19:25, 28. [PMID: 6425341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Gonadal function was examined in 19 young men with Hodgkin's disease before therapy and compared with that of 11 men with other malignancies, 13 men with primary testicular failure, and 19 normal men of similar age. Total (p less than 0.01) and free (p less than 0.05) testosterone levels were decreased in Hodgkin's disease. In those with advanced (stage III + IV) and symptomatic (B), Hodgkin's disease serum testosterone levels were indistinguishable from those in primary testicular failure, yet serum levels of luteinizing hormone were normal. Moreover, the acute response of serum testosterone to exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was significantly greater in Hodgkin's disease than in primary testicular failure (p less than 0.03). These data and the finding that basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels are significantly lower than normal in Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.05) suggest that the cause of pretreatment hypogonadism in Hodgkin's disease is not simple primary testicular failure. Total sperm count was decreased in 40 percent of men with Hodgkin's disease but in none of the men with other malignancies (p less than 0.05), suggesting specific seminiferous tubular dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. However, motility was abnormal in 69 percent of men with Hodgkin's disease and 60 percent of those with other malignancies, suggesting that this is a nonspecific effect of cancer. Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher than normal in Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.05) but not in other malignancies. Our findings suggests that the cause of testicular dysfunction that is present before treatment of Hodgkin's disease is complex, perhaps involving both pituitary and gonadal abnormalities.
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Chapman RM. Effect of cytotoxic therapy on sexuality and gonadal function. Semin Oncol 1982; 9:84-94. [PMID: 6176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to cause variable degrees of gonadal dysfunction in both sexes and in all age groups. The severity of the dysfunction depends on the total drug dose and the age at time of therapy. In general, cytotoxic agents produce gonadal dysfunction in men while they produce premature gonadal failure in women. Men develop azoospermia and compensated Leydig-cell function; women sustain ovarian damage causing impaired fertility in the short term and early ovarian failure later. This dysfunction is associated with sexual and emotional difficulties in many patients. In order to discover these problems the physician must sympathetically ask patients and families about their sexual and emotional health. Endocrine and psychologic evaluation help the physician identify the problem. Appropriate counseling and hormone replacement therapy may ameliorate most symptoms and help the patient emotionally adjust to illness and infertility. Prevention of gonadal damage during cytotoxic therapy may be possible in the future. For those young people who retain fertility after cytotoxic therapy, prognosis should be taken into account when counseling about parenthood is given. There is no evidence of genetic abnormalities in the offspring of people previously treated with chemotherapy or irradiation.
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Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB. Protection of ovarian function by oral contraceptives in women receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1981; 58:849-51. [PMID: 7272513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported by us and by others that after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease the ovary contains fewer than 5 primordial and primary follicles per 5 x 5 mm biopsy section. In young women this is associated with premature menopause. We report here that before treatment the tissue contains 18--55 such follicles per biopsy section. When women took combination oral contraceptives throughout the course of MVPP therapy, the posttreatment ovarian biopsy tissue had more than 20 follicles per histologic section. Normal menses were established in the five women who discontinued oral contraceptives at the end of MVPP therapy, and one of them is now pregnant.
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Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB, Malpas JS. Male gonadal dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. A prospective study. JAMA 1981; 245:1323-8. [PMID: 7206131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Forty-seven men (median age, 31.5 years) were studied prospectively to assess the effect of Hodgkin's disease and subsequent chemotherapy on gonadal function. Before therapy, 16 (43%) of 37 men were functionally subfertile, as assessed by impotence (four of 37) and "inadequate" sperm counts (12 of 37). Histological abnormalities were noted in eight of nine pretreatment testicular biopsy specimens. Additionally, changes were noted in blood hormone levels and libido. After completion of only two cycles of chemotherapy, 14 of 14 men became persistently azoospermic, with blood follicle-stimulating hormone levels four to five times normal. Posttreatment testicular biopsy specimens confirmed germ cell aplasia. During therapy 17 (81%) of 21 men had mild or no libido; irritability in 16 (84%) of 19 and violence in four (18%) of 22 caused additional family distress. While it is clear that cytotoxic therapy induces infertility, these data further indicate that a proportion of men have gonadal dysfunction prior to treatment.
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Chapman RM, McCrary JW, Tuttle JR. Principal components analysis of sources of variability in retinal ganglion cell responses. Biol Cybern 1981; 42:45-50. [PMID: 7326281 DOI: 10.1007/bf00335158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An approach to the functional organization of retinal ganglion cell processing in terms of correlation matrices (Levine and Shefner, 1975; 1977a, b; Shefner and Levine, 1979) is extended by applying Principal Components Analysis. This analysis reduces each correlation matrix to a few components which are implicit in the data. The component loadings describe properties of the system in terms of loadings (correlations) of time bins on the underlying components. Each component is identified by the experimental conditions associated with the highest loadings. Mixed conditions are quantitatively interpreted as weighted contributions from the various identified components. This has led to new interpretations of existing data. Several properties of ganglion cell inputs are analyzed in this manner, including ON and OFF processes, center and surround mechanisms, rod and cone inputs, and spatially distinct areas within the receptive field center. Although the details vary, generally one of the components is highly associated with ON processes and the other with OFF and/or MAINTAINED processes. several advantages may be realized through the use of Principal Components Analysis: (1) all of the data contribute to the analysis, (2) the number and relative importance of contributing processes may be assessed, (3) the relative contribution of underlying processes to mixed responses may be assessed, and (4) the most parsimonious representation of the data is obtained.
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Chapman RM, McCrary JW, Chapman JA, Martin JK. Behavioral and neural analyses of connotative meaning: word classes and rating scales. Brain Lang 1980; 11:319-339. [PMID: 7470852 DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(80)90131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB, Malpas JS. Cytotoxic-induced ovarian failure in women with Hodgkin's disease. I. Hormone function. JAMA 1979; 242:1877-81. [PMID: 480620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forty-one women with advanced Hodgkin's disease were studied to determine the effect of combination chemotherapy on fertility and ovarian function. Histories and pretreatment ovarian biopsy specimens indicated normal fertility before therapy, thus implying no adverse effect of Hodgkin's diseases on female gonadal function. Ovarian activity was assessed after therapy by menstrual history, serial basal body temperatures, and hormonal levels. Each case was assigned to one of three categories: primary ovarian failure (failed ovary), irregular ovarian activity (failing ovary), and normal cyclic ovarian activity (functioning ovary). After therapy, 20 of 41 patients (49%) were categorized as failed, 14 (34%) as failing, and only 7 (17%) as functioning. In 16 months of further observation, progressive loss of ovarian function occurred that was clearly age related but not statistically dose related. Induction of premature, irreversible menopause presents a need for effective hormonal replacement and patient counseling.
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Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB, Malpas JS. Cytotoxic-induced ovarian failure in Hodgkin's disease. II. Effects on sexual function. JAMA 1979; 242:1882-4. [PMID: 480621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotheraphy for Hodgkin's disease produces ovarian failure in young women. The consequences of this are emotional distress, sexual dysfunction, and the disruption of families and friendships. These previously unappreciated side effects of cytotoxic therapy had developed in 25 of 41 patients, among whom we conducted a retrospective study.
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Abstract
The effect of cyclical chemotherapy on fertility and gonadal function was investigated in seventy-four male patients who had been treated for advanced Hodgkin's disease. All patients were azoospermic after therapy, and, with a median follow-up period of 27 months (range 1--62 months), only four patients have regained spermatogenesis. Testicular biopsy showed an absence of germinal epithelium without other gross architectural changes. Despite this high degree of infertility, 60% of patients were practising contraception. A decline in libido and sexual performance with frequent long periods of sexual inactivity was noted by most men during therapy. Although some recovery was apparent once therapy was stopped, this was incomplete in approximately half of the patients. Follicle-stimulating-hormone levels were consistently raised after therapy at all periods of study. Median luteinising-hormone levels were at, or just above, the upper limit of normal, and median testosterone levels were normal. Increased prolactin levels were noted in 42% of patients, of whom about a half had an identifiable cause for hyperprolactinaemia. Return of spermatogenesis could not be predicted by serial hormone assessment. Because of the guaranteed infertility and the low frequency and unpredictability of recovery of spermatogenesis, sperm storage should be available for male patients undergoing cytotoxic therapy, since most of these patients may enjoy prolonged survival. Hormone-replacement therapy will usually be unnecessary. However, the probability of major changes in libido and sexual performance should be discussed with patients so that additional stress can be avoided. Contraceptive advice should be available to those who require it.
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Abstract
An evoked potential component with a poststimulus peak at about 250 milliseconds is related to the storage of information in short-term memory. This storage component was found in an investigation of brain potentials in relation to a number and letter comparison task. In replications of this experiment at three different light intensities spaced 1.0 log unit apart, the component had essentially the same waveform and pattern of scores. The memory storage interpretation was confirmed in a behavioral experiment that probed short-term memory. Recall was predicted by the magnitude of the storage component.
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Abstract
A patient with hyperthyroidism and severe neutropenia had a clinical course and family history that suggested an immune cause. Neutrophil-binding IgG was demonstrated in serum using the Fab-anti Fab assay. The antineutrophil factor bound specifically to either homologous or autologous neutrophils and could be adsorbed by the target neutrophils. The quantity of IgG required to saturate the neutrophil-binding sites (175 000 molecules per neutrophil) and the serum concentration (1.3 mug/ml) were determined. It was estimated that at the time that blood and marrow neutrophils were markedly reduced, serum contained sufficient neutrophil-binding IgG to saturate the binding sites of 1.2 times the total blood neutrophil pool.
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Truman LM, Chapman RM. A simplified method for preparing platelet-rich plasma for use with the Thrombocounter C. Med Lab Technol 1975; 32:239-42. [PMID: 1160818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Several reports have cast doubt on the cerebral origin of alpha and kappa electroencephalogram activity by charging that they are artifacts related to eye activity. Data are cited which eliminate the corneoretinal potential of the eyeball, tremor of the extraocular muscles, eye position, accommodation, and eye flutter as sources of alpha and kappa electroencephalogram activity. A subject with both eyes removed showed normal alpha and kappa electroencephalogram activity. Marked left-right differences in alpha activity were not found in one-eyed subjects whose eyes and extraocular muscles were completely removed on one side.
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Chapman RM, Shelburne SA, Bragdon HR. EEG alpha activity influenced by visual input and not by eye position. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1970; 28:183-9. [PMID: 4189529 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(70)90186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chapman RM, Lall AB. Electroretinogram characteristics and the spectral mechanisms of the median ocellus and the lateral eye in Limulus polyphemus. J Gen Physiol 1967; 50:2267-87. [PMID: 6064151 PMCID: PMC2225775 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.50.9.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical responses (ERG) to light flashes of various wavelengths and energies were obtained from the dorsal median ocellus and lateral compound eye of Limulus under dark and chromatic light adaptation. Spectral mechanisms were studied by analyzing (a) response waveforms, e.g. response area, rise, and fall times as functions of amplitude, (b) slopes of amplitude-energy functions, and (c) spectral sensitivity functions obtained by the criterion amplitude method. The data for a single spectral mechanism in the lateral eye are (a) response waveforms independent of wavelength, (b) same slope for response-energy functions at all wavelengths, (c) a spectral sensitivity function with a single maximum near 520 mmicro, and (d) spectral sensitivity invariance in chromatic adaptation experiments. The data for two spectral mechanisms in the median ocellus are (a) two waveform characteristics depending on wavelength, (b) slopes of response-energy functions steeper for short than for long wavelengths, (c) two spectral sensitivity peaks (360 and 530-535 mmicro) when dark-adapted, and (d) selective depression of either spectral sensitivity peak by appropriate chromatic adaptation. The ocellus is 200-320 times more sensitive to UV than to visible light. Both UV and green spectral sensitivity curves agree with Dartnall's nomogram. The hypothesis is favored that the ocellus contains two visual pigments each in a different type of receptor, rather than (a) various absorption bands of a single visual pigment, (b) single visual pigment and a chromatic mask, or (c) fluorescence. With long duration light stimuli a steady-state level followed the transient peak in the ERG from both types of eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Chapman
- Geophysics Research Division Air Force Cambridge Research Center
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