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Espéret C, Sabatier S, Deville MA, Ouazana R, Bouhassira EE, Godet J, Morlé F, Bernet A. Non-erythroid genes inserted on either side of human HS-40 impair the activation of its natural alpha -globin gene targets without being themselves preferentially activated. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25831-9. [PMID: 10827181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human alpha-globin gene complex includes three functional globin genes (5'-zeta2-alpha2-alpha1-3') regulated by a common positive regulatory element named HS-40 displaying strong erythroid-specific enhancer activity. How this enhancer activity can be shared between different promoters present at different positions in the same complex is poorly understood. To address this question, we used homologous recombination to target the insertion of marker genes driven by cytomegalovirus or long terminal repeat promoters in both possible orientations either upstream or downstream from the HS-40 region into the single human alpha-globin gene locus present in hybrid mouse erythroleukemia cells. We also used CRE recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to target the insertion of a tagged alpha-globin gene at the same position downstream from HS-40. All these insertions led to a similar decrease in the HS-40-dependent transcription of downstream human alpha-globin genes in differentiated cells. Interestingly, this decrease is associated with the strong activation of the proximal newly inserted alpha-globin gene, whereas in marked contrast, the transcription of the non-erythroid marker genes remains insensitive to HS-40. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancer activity of HS-40 can be trapped by non-erythroid promoters in both upstream and downstream directions without necessarily leading to their own activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Espéret
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 5534, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Bernet A, Sabatier S, Picketts DJ, Ouazana R, Morlé F, Higgs DR, Godet J. Targeted inactivation of the major positive regulatory element (HS-40) of the human alpha-globin gene locus. Blood 1995; 86:1202-11. [PMID: 7620173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the role of the major positive upstream regulatory element of the human alpha-globin gene locus (HS-40) in its natural chromosomal context. Using homologous recombination, HS-40 was replaced by a neo marker gene in a mouse erythroleukemia hybrid cell line containing a single copy of human chromosome 16. In clones from which HS-40 had been deleted, human alpha-globin gene expression was severely reduced, although basal levels of alpha 1 and alpha 2-globin mRNA expression representing less than 3% of the level in control cell lines were detected. Deletion of the neo marker gene, by using FLP recombinase/FLP recombinase target system, proved that the phenotype observed was not caused by the regulatory elements of this marker gene. In the targeted clones, deletion of HS-40 apparently does not affect long-range or local chromatin structure at the alpha promoters. Therefore, these results indicate that, in the experimental system used, HS-40 behaves as a strong inducible enhancer of human alpha-globin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernet
- CNRS UMR 106, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Ville T, Starck J, Ouazana R, Gonnet C, Bouhass R, Godet J. Structural characterization of the beta-globin gene cluster in an individual expressing a very low level of G gamma globin chains. Hemoglobin 1995; 19:361-73. [PMID: 8718695 DOI: 10.3109/03630269509005828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a normal individual displaying an extremely unbalanced G gamma/A gamma-globin ratio (G gamma-globin chains undetectable by urea/triton/ acrylamide gel electrophoresis and just reaching the threshold of detection by high performance liquid chromatography) associated with a very low level of G gamma-globin mRNA (at the most 5% of total gamma-mRNA after reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction determination). By DNA Southern blotting and sequencing, the very low level of G gamma-globin chains in this individual was found in association with subhaplotype [+ -----] (Hinc II 5' to epsilon, Xmn I 5' to G gamma, Hind III in G gamma and A gamma, Hinc II in and 3' to psi beta), with G gamma- and A gamma-globin gene sequences of the B type chromosome, and with a number of AT repeats in the locus control region hypersensitive site-2 site, similar to that reported to be associated with the Bantu beta S haplotype. These structural characteristics, described for the first time combined in the same individual, suggest that the G gamma/A gamma ratio in adults, is controlled by sequences distributed all along the beta-globin gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ville
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 106, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
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Bernet-Grandaud A, Ouazana R, Morlé F, Godet J. Inducible expression of a neo gene integrated into the human alpha-globin gene cluster. C R Acad Sci III 1994; 317:921-9. [PMID: 7882135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We replaced the 3' flanking region of the human alpha 1-globin gene that binds in vitro the specific transcription factors GATA-1 and AP1/NF-E2, by a neo marker gene using homologous recombination in a MEL (mouse erythroleukemia line) hybrid cell line harbouring a single human chromosome 16. Using an improved method of the neo-positive and HSV-tk negative selection, one correctly targeted clone was obtained out of 164 clones analyzed. In contrast to non-targeted clones, the expression of teh neo gene in the targeted clone acquired the erythroid differentiation-dependent inducibility normally characteristic of the alpha-globin genes. No difference was observed in the expression of the human zeta, alpha 2, alpha 1, or theta-globin genes before and after induction of differentiation between the targeted clone and parental cells. These results indicate that, at least in the experimental system used, the 3' flanking region of the human alpha 1-globin gene can be replaced by an exogenous non-erythroid gene without affecting the regulation of the globin genes contained in the alpha-globin cluster.
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Bourette RP, Mouchiroud G, Ouazana R, Morlé F, Godet J, Blanchet JP. Expression of human colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor in murine pluripotent hematopoietic NFS-60 cells induces long-term proliferation in response to CSF-1 without loss of erythroid differentiation potential. Blood 1993; 81:2511-20. [PMID: 7683918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NFS-60 and FDCP-Mix cells are interleukin-3--dependent multipotent hematopoietic cells that can differentiate in vitro into mature myeloid and erythroid cells. Retrovirus-mediated transfer of the human colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor gene (c-fms) enabled NFS-60 cells but not FDCP-Mix cells to proliferate in response to CSF-1. The phenotype of NFS-60 cells expressing the human CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) grown in CSF-1 did not grossly differ from that of original NFS-60 as assessed by cytochemical and surface markers. Importantly, these cells retained their erythroid potentiality. In contrast, a CSF-1-dependent variant of NFS-60, strongly expressing murine CSF-1R, differentiated into monocyte/macrophages upon CSF-1 stimulation and almost totally lost its erythroid potentiality. We also observed that NFS-60 but not FDCP-Mix cells could grow in response to stem cell factor, (SCF), although both cell lines express relatively high amounts of SCF receptors. This suggests that SCF-R and CSF-1R signalling pathways share at least one component that may be missing or insufficiently expressed in FDCP-Mix cells. Taken together, these results suggest that human CSF-1R can use the SCF-R signalling pathway in murine multipotent cells and thereby favor self-renewal versus differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Bourette
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS no. 106, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
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Bernet-Grandaud A, Ouazana R, Morlé F, Godet J. A method improving the efficiency of the positive-negative selection used to isolate homologous recombinants. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:6417-8. [PMID: 1335574 PMCID: PMC334542 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.23.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Bernet-Grandaud
- Centre de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR 106, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
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von Rüden T, Mouchiroud G, Bourette RP, Ouazana R, Blanchet JP, Wagner EF. Expression of human CSF-1 receptor induces CSF-1-dependent proliferation in murine myeloid but not in T-lymphoid cells. Leukemia 1991; 5:3-7. [PMID: 1825680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for human macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1R) was introduced into hematopoietic cell lines of myeloid and T-lymphoid origin, both of which normally do not express the CSF-1R. Infection of an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mouse myeloid cell line (FDC-P1) with a high titer retroviral vector expressing the human c-fms c-DNA, enabled CSF-1-dependent proliferation in short-term liquid culture assays as well as in clonal culture systems. CSF-1-dependent cell lines could be established after sorting for CSF-1R positive cells. In contrast to FDC-P1 cells, expression of the CSF-1R in CTLL cells, an IL-2-dependent mouse cytotoxic T-cell line, and in T-cell growth factor III/P40-dependent helper T-cells, ST2/K9.4a2, did not lead to CSF-1-dependent proliferation. These observations lead to the conclusion that ectopically expressed CSF-1R may function on certain myeloid cells where it is normally not expressed, suggesting the presence of signal transduction pathways which can be utilized by that foreign receptor. In contrast, it appears that T-lymphoid cells lack such a signalling mechanism, indicating that quite different modes of transducing mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus must have developed during myeloid and T-lymphoid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T von Rüden
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Collagen is present in Porifera, the lowest multicellular animals, but there is no information available on the primary structure of the collagen chains in this phylum. Developing fresh-water sponges have been used to extract total RNA in order to study in vitro translation products and to construct a cDNA library. Four translated proteins were collagenase-sensitive (200 kDa, 160 kDa, 81 kDa and 48 kDa). The cDNA library was screened with a human collagen probe and a clone, EmC4, covering 1.2 kb was isolated. Nucleotide sequencing of EmC4 revealed a conceptual open reading frame coding for 366 amino acids terminated by a stop codon TGA with 103 nucleotides downstream. The presumed translation product encoded contained several domains: a non-collagenous C-terminal domain of 156 amino acids with 9 cysteines, an uninterrupted collagenous domain of 171 amino acids, a non-collagenous domain of 16 amino acids with 3 cysteines and a probably incomplete N-terminal collagenous domain of 23 amino acids. Comparison with other sequences suggested that this collagen chain might belong to a non-fibrillar collagen family which evolved into several sub-families giving rise to nematode cuticular collagens, and type IV collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Exposito
- Department of Experimental Histology, CNRS UPR 412, Claude Bernard University, Villeurbanne, France
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Baklouti F, Ouazana R, Gonnet C, Lapillonne A, Delaunay J, Godet J. Beta+-thalassemia in cis of a sickle cell gene: occurrence of a promoter mutation on a beta s chromosome. Blood 1989; 74:1817-22. [PMID: 2790205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An atypical sickle cell trait with a very low level of hemoglobin S and features of heterozygous beta-thalassemia was recently described. In vitro globin chain synthesis strongly suggested the presence of the two abnormalities on the same chromosome. We report the corresponding beta S-thal gene. DNA sequence revealed a C----T base substitution in the distal promoter element CACCC, at position-88 from the cap site, in addition to the expected GAG----GTG mutation responsible for the structural variant (beta 6 Glu----Val). Reticulocyte mRNA titration and transient assay of the mutant gene in COS cells showed a defect in beta-mRNA production. Restriction haplotype and DNA sequence analyses revealed that the doubly mutated gene is associated with haplotype 19 (or Benin/Algeria haplotype). In particular, we found the (AT)9(T)4 repeated sequences specifically encountered 5' to the beta S gene of Benin Algeria type. These results support the view that the beta S-thal gene resulted from an independent thalassemic mutation having occurred on a beta S chromosome rather than (a) from a beta S mutation having altered a beta-thalassemic gene or (b) from a recombination event between two chromosomes, each carrying one of the mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baklouti
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
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Ouazana R, Bozon D, Baklouti F, Gonnet C, Delaunay J, Godet J. Delta zero-thalassemia in cis of beta Knossos-globin gene. Normal structure transient expression of the delta-globin gene. FEBS Lett 1989; 252:53-7. [PMID: 2759233 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the first homozygous cases of Hb Knossos in an Algerian family. The Hb A2 was completely absent, ascertaining the presence of a delta zero-thalassemia determinant in cis of the beta Knossos S gene. Here, we investigate the affected delta-globin gene. The complete DNA sequence of the gene and its 5' and 3' flanking regions was determined. Only two nucleotide changes were recorded: a C----T substitution at -199 and an AT insertion at -448 upstream from the cap site. To examine the involvement of these changes in gene function, the delta-gene was subcloned in an expression vector and introduced into COS cells. Analysis of RNA derived from these cells, using an S1 protection assay and dot-blot hybridization, revealed qualitatively and quantitatively normal transcription. The loss of delta-globin gene activity in vivo may be due to the alteration of a tissue-specific control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ouazana
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 106, Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract
Proteins of purified cuticles from adults of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are solubilized by reduction in the presence of a strong denaturing agent and then carboxymethylated. As in the large parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoïdes, these soluble proteins appeared to be collagens by their amino acid compositions. C. elegans cuticle collagen is separated into seven major components with different apparent molecular weights by molecular sieve chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two main components, which together account for more than 64% of the total cuticle collagen, were extracted from gel after electrophoresis and analyzed. They differ in their amino acid compositions and would seem to represent genetically distinct collagen chains. The results presented lead to the hypothesis of the presence in this collagen of at least two different chains.
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Ouazana R, Brum JL. Intracistronic recombination at the level of a dwafism gene in the hermaphroditic nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1975; 280:1895-8. [PMID: 807379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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