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Chethan Kumar HB, Hiremath J, Yogisharadhya R, Balamurugan V, Jacob SS, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Suresh KP, Shome R, Nagalingam M, Sridevi R, Patil SS, Prajapati A, Govindaraj G, Sengupta PP, Hemadri D, Krishnamoorthy P, Misri J, Kumar A, Tripathi BN, Shome BR. Animal disease surveillance: Its importance & present status in India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:299-310. [PMID: 33906992 PMCID: PMC8204830 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_740_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal disease surveillance encompasses systematic collection of long-term data on disease events, risk factors and other relevant parameters followed by analyzing the same with reference to temporal and spatial characteristics to arrive at a conclusion so that necessary preventive measures can be taken. In India, the animal disease surveillance is done through National Animal Disease Reporting System, which is a web-based information technology system for disease reporting from States and Union Territories with the aim to record, monitor livestock disease situation and to initiate the preventive and curative action in a swift manner during disease emergencies. National Animal Disease Referral Expert System is a dynamic geographic information system and remote sensing-enabled expert system that captures an incidence of 13 economically important livestock diseases from all over the country and also provides livestock disease forecasting. The laboratories under State and Central governments, several research institutes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and veterinary colleges are involved in livestock disease diagnosis including zoonotic diseases. An integrated surveillance system is necessary for early detection of emerging/zoonotic diseases in humans. This review provides information on disease reporting and surveillance systems in animal health sector and the need for One Health approach to improve and strengthen the zoonotic disease surveillance system in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Chethan Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Suresh
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Nagalingam
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Sridevi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Awadesh Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G Govindaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P P Sengupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - B N Tripathi
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kumar BK, Kumar KM, Reddy GBM, Abraham S, Yogisharadhya R, Prashantha CN. Molecular Modelling and Insilico Engineering of PapMV-CP Towards Display and Development of Capripox Viral Like Particles Based on Immunogenic P32 Envelop Protein is the Homologous of the Vaccinia-Viral H3L Gene: An Insilico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020; 26:2155-2167. [PMID: 32421016 PMCID: PMC7222904 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral-like particles are assembled from capsid protein structural subunits of different viruses and have ability to establish research in biomedicals, like construction of novel safety vaccines, gene therapy vectors by delivering systems for nucleic acids, small biomolecules and diagnostics. Papaya Mosaic Viral nanoparticals can provide as a vaccine candidate helps to increase the immunity by fusing the epitope based peptide antigen. Capripox viruses are the genus comprises Lymphy skin-disease, Sheep and Goat pox Viruses are notified by The World Animal Health Organization (OIE) based on their economic impotence act as a transboundary animal diseases viruses of sheep, goat, and cattle’s respectively. Plant viral based innovative vaccines have been emerged ineffective vaccine development. This research describes the engineering and development of a new vaccine candidate by display immunogenic peptide using the carrier capsid protein of Papaya Mosaic Virus. The Capripox virus P32 immunogenic protein is homologous of the vaccinia virus H3L gene displayed PapMV CP. The antigenicity of P32 protein epitope lowest score among epitopes C-terminally docked epitopes are EP6 > EP3 > EP8 as well the lowest score among epitopes N-terminally docked epitopes are EP8 > EP3 > EP6 presented on the N-terminus of PMV CP region which are found to be suitable for epitope display. And these modelled immunogenic peptide could be used to develop a viral like particles. Epitope based Antibody developed against immunogenic epitopic regions can contribute to a novel and robust protection from infection. As well might be used for developing cost effective detection kits for Transboundary animal disease viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K M Kumar
- 1Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064 India.,3Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- 2National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sunil Abraham
- 4Department of Animal Behavior and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- 2National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - C N Prashantha
- 1Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064 India
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Nagarajan G, Pourouchottamane R, Reddy GBM, Yogisharadhya R, Sumana K, Rajapandi S, Murali G, Thirumaran SMK, Mallick PK, Rajendiran AS. Molecular characterization of Orf virus isolates from Kodai hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Vet World 2019; 12:1022-1027. [PMID: 31528027 PMCID: PMC6702573 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1022-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was carried out to find out the causative agent of exanthematous skin lesions in sheep maintained by Southern Regional Research Centre, Mannavanur, Kodai hills, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Orf virus (ORFV) B2L gene-specific primers was carried out by employing the total genomic DNA isolated from the scabs as the template. The ORFV isolates from Kodai hills were characterized by the use of bioinformatics tools. Results: The amino acid identity of ORFV isolate 1 from Kodai hills is having 98.14%, 96.29%, and 83.59% identity with reference strains of ORFV, Pseudocowpox virus, and bovine papular stomatitis virus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ORFV isolates from Kodai hills clustered with the other ORFV isolates from different geographical areas of India. Conclusion: The etiological agent of exanthematous skin lesion among sheep of Kodai hills is ORFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagarajan
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Pourouchottamane
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Sumana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Rajapandi
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - G Murali
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S M K Thirumaran
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Mallick
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A S Rajendiran
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Siva Sankar MS, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Bora DP, Prabhu M, Yogisharadhya R. Comparative efficacy of chemical stabilizers on the thermostabilization of a novel live attenuated buffalopox vaccine. Biologicals 2017; 49:39-45. [PMID: 28754514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the thermostability of a live attenuated buffalopox vaccine prepared with an indigenous baffalopox virus isolate (BPXV Vij/96) and freeze-dried under conventional lyophilizing conditions is described. Three different stabilizer combinations like LS (lactalbumin hydralysate + sucrose), LHT (lactalbumin hydralysate + Trehalose dihydrate) and TAA (Trehalose dihydrate + l- Alanine + l-Histidine) were used to prepare the vaccine. The study indicated that the LS stabilizer was found to be the stabilizer of choice followed by LHT and TAA for buffalopox vaccine at all temperatures studied. The presence of stabilizers has beneficial influence in preserving the keeping quality of the vaccine. Further, among the diluents used to reconstitute the freeze-dried buffalopox vaccine, double distilled water, 0.85% normal saline solution and phosphate buffer saline were the choice of diluents in that order. However, 1M MgSO4 did not perform well at higher temperatures. Investigation suggests for using LS as a stabilizer for freeze-drying and any of the three diluents except 1MgSO4 for reconstitution of buffalopox vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Siva Sankar
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - V Bhanuprakash
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India.
| | - G Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - D P Bora
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - M Prabhu
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital [District], Uttarakhand 263 138, India
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Manjunathareddy G, Sumana K, Apsana R, Yogisharadhya R, Prajapati A, Patil S, Balamuragan V. Investigation of malignant form of sheep pox outbreak in fattening lambs in Mandya, Karnataka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2017.00045.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shivachandra S, Chanda M, Hiremath J, Yogisharadhya R, Mohanty N, Hemadri D. Molecular diagnostic approaches for haemorrhagic septicaemia[HS]: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-0147.2017.00010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Prabhu M, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Yogisharadhya R, Bora D, Balamurugan V. Evaluation of stability of live attenuated camelpox vaccine stabilized with different stabilizers and reconstituted with various diluents. Biologicals 2014; 42:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Umesha K, Sarojini BK, Darshan Raj CG, Bhanuprakash V, Yogisharadhya R, Raghavendra R, Khan MTH. In vitro and in silico biological studies of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Santhamani R, Yogisharadhya R, Venkatesan G, Shivachandra SB, Pandey AB, Ramakrishnan MA. Detection and differentiation of sheeppox virus and goatpox virus from clinical samples using 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit (RPO30) gene based PCR. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.923-925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Raghavendra R, Mahadevan KM, Satyanarayan ND, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Yogisharadhya R. Analgesic, Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of 2-(5-Alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:367-71. [PMID: 23626395 PMCID: PMC3630735 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones (4a-e) have been evaluated for analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Analgesic activity was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing method in Swiss albino male mice. The antibacterial activity was performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical strains by agar well diffusion method. The in vitro antiviral activity was carried out against camelpox and buffalopox viruses. The analgesic activity exhibited by the compounds 4a, 4c and 4d were found to be more significant compared to the standard. The bacterial activity was determined by the inhibition of growth of the organism by the drugs at different concentrations. All the compounds showed significant activity when compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. The in vitro antiviral activity of the compound 4b tested against camelpox and buffalopox viruses revealed no activity when tested at concentrations of 250 μg. The compound 4b did not alter the titres of both the viruses and the titres remain, respectively, 106.5 TCID50 and 106.74 TCID50 per ml for camelpox vaccine virus and buffalopox vaccine virus. However, the compounds 4a-e showed significant analgesic and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raghavendra
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga-577 451, India
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Ahuja A, Sen A, Yogisharadhya R, Rajak KK, Shivachandra SB. Prokaryotic expression and purification of highly soluble partial glycoprotein erns of Indian strain of classical Swine Fever virus. Indian J Virol 2012; 23:397-401. [PMID: 24293833 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera, caused by a positive stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is highly contagious and fatal disease of pigs. We report the novel design of construct for production of highly soluble glycoprotein Erns fragment using prokaryotic expression system. A truncated fragment of the Erns gene (coding for aa 109-170) denoted as 'Erns-Ag' was subcloned and expressed as hexa-histidine tag fusion on both terminus of protein in Escherichia coli. The highly soluble recombinant Erns-Ag protein with purity >95 % was purified by one step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under native condition. Anti Erns-Ag polyclonal antibodies raised in guinea pig was found to react with CSFV antigen in infected MDCK cell line during immunoperoxidase test. The described methodology of producing a highly soluble recombinant protein with native conformation would likely to assist in development of differential diagnostic test as well as its application in raising hyperimmune sera for detection of CSFV antigen either in tissue materials or infected cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahuja
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263138 Nainital, Uttarakhand India
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12
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Bora D, Venkatesan G, Bhanuprakash V, Balamurugan V, Prabhu M, Siva Sankar M, Yogisharadhya R. TaqMan real-time PCR assay based on DNA polymerase gene for rapid detection of Orf infection. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:249-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yogisharadhya R, Bhanuprakash V, Hosamani M, Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Bora DP, Bhanot V, Prabhu M, Singh RK. Comparative efficacy of live replicating sheeppox vaccine strains in Ovines. Biologicals 2011; 39:417-23. [PMID: 21993305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two sheeppox vaccines made from strains [sheeppox virus-Srinagar (SPPV-Srin) and Ranipet (SPPV-R)] indigenous to India and adapted to Vero cells were compared in terms of their safety, potency, efficacy and antigenic value with the commercial in-use Roumanian Fanar (SPPV-RF) vaccine, a foreign strain adapted in primary lamb testes cells. The safety test indicated that the SPPV (Sri and RF) vaccines were safe while SPPV-R was not completely attenuated and caused excessive adverse reactions at the passage level tested. The immunized animals showed DTH reaction and resisted virulent SPPV challenge, while control animals developed disease. Specific virus could be detected in the controls and animals immunized with lower dilutions of vaccines after challenge but not in any of the sheep immunized with 1 and 100 doses of each vaccine. All vaccines were found potent and the PD(50) was highest for SPPV (Srin and R) followed by RF. The immunized animals were seroconverted following vaccination with sustained antibody responses after challenge. In conclusion, indigenous SPPV-Srin vaccine was found to be as efficacious as SPPV-R and SPPV-RF vaccines. Thus, there is potential benefit in replacing the currently used commercial vaccine SPPV-RF with indigenous SPPV-Srin vaccine for use in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yogisharadhya
- Pox Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Nainital (Distt.), Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India
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14
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Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Hosamani M, Yogisharadhya R, Gandhale P, Reddy KV, Damle AS, Kher HN, Chandel BS, Chauhan HC, Singh RK. Zoonotic infections of buffalopox in India. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 57:e149-55. [PMID: 20042058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four outbreaks of buffalopox in domestic buffaloes, with considerable mortality with high case fatality rates in young buffalo calves and high morbidity with significant productivity loss in terms of reduction in milk yield in adult animals along with severe zoonotic infection in milk attendants were recorded at various places in India, during 2006-2008. In buffaloes, the pox lesions were confined to udder and teats of the majority of the affected animals, and in few animals the lesions were appeared on the hindquarters, indicating generalized infection. The overall disease morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate were 6.8%, 0.7% and 11.4% respectively. Milkers developed pox-like lesions on the hands, forearms and forehead accompanied by fever, axillary lymphadenopathy and general malaise. The causative agent of the outbreaks, buffalopox virus (BPXV), was confirmed upon virus isolation in cell culture, electron microscopy, A-type inclusion (ATI) and ankyrin repeat protein (C18L) gene-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Further, sequence analysis of the BPXV isolates from human and buffalo showed more identity of ATI and C18L genes sequences with that of other orthopoxviruses at nucleotide and amino acid levels and confirmed a close relationship of BPXV with Vaccinia virus (VACV) or VACV-like viruses. Considering the zoonotic impact and productivity losses of buffalopox infection, the control measures are imperative in curtailing economic and public health impact of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhanuprakash
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Uttarakhand, India
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Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Hosamani M, Yogisharadhya R, Chauhan RS, Pande A, Mondal B, Singh RK. Pox outbreaks in Sheep and Goats at Makhdoom (Uttar Pradesh), India: Evidence of Sheeppox Virus Infection in Goats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 57:375-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Bhanot V, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Sen A, Yadav V, Yogisharadhya R, Singh RK. Expression of P32 protein of goatpox virus in Pichia pastoris and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:251-7. [PMID: 19733197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to express goatpox virus (GTPV) P32 protein in Pichia pastoris and evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA. The amplified P32 gene of GTPV was cloned into pPICZalphaA vector and characterized by PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The characterized linear recombinant plasmids were transformed in Pichia host GSII5 strain by electroporation and the zeocin resistant Pichia transformant containing P32 gene was selected and confirmed by PCR. The expression of P32 protein in Pichia was induced with 0.5% methanol at 30 degrees C. The optimum expression was observed at 72 h post-induction and the yield was 100 mg/L of culture. The expressed protein was precipitated with polyethylene glycol and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using GTPV specific serum and GTPV-P32 protein specific monoclonal antibody. Further, the protein precipitated with acetone was evaluated as diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISA in order to replace the whole GTPV. The standardized P32 protein based indirect ELISA had relative specificity and sensitivity of 84.2% and 94.2-100%, respectively when compared with serum neutralization test and whole virus based indirect ELISA. This study showed a potential of the yeast expressed GTPV-P32 protein as safe antigen in ELISA for seroepidemiological study of the capripox infection in sheep and goats, in India as well as capripox enzootic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhanot
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263138, India
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