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Sathishkumar TP, Shah MA, Panchal H, Sharma K, Gopinath R, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Rajesh Kumar L, Rampradheep GS. Characterization of new cellulose fiber extracted from second generation Bitter Albizia tree. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1693. [PMID: 38242914 PMCID: PMC10799074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work examines the physical, thermal tensile, and chemical properties of wood skin fibers obtained from second generation Bitter Albizia (BA) tree skin. Chemical characterization of BA fibers showed the presence of various chemical contents such as cellulose of 74.89 wt. %, hemicellulose of 14.50 wt. %, wax of 0.31 wt. %, lignin of 12.8 wt. %, moisture of 11.71 wt. %, and ash of 19.29 wt. %. The density of BA fibers (BAFs) was showed 1285 kg/m3. XRD analysis of BAFs showed a crystallinity index (CI) of 57.20% and size of crystallite of 1.68 nm. Tensile strength and strain to failure of BAFs examined through tensile test were 513-1226 MPa and 0.8-1.37% respectively. TGA portrayed the thermal steadiness of BAFs as 339 °C with 55.295 kJ/mol kinetic activation energy, its residual mass was 23.35% at 548 °C. BAFs with high CI, less wax content, and better tensile strength make more suitable for making polymer matrix composites. SEM images of the BAFs surface depicted that the fiber outer surface has more rough which shows that they can contribute to hige fiber-matrix adhesion during composites preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sathishkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Bakhtar University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India.
| | - Hitesh Panchal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College patan, Katpur, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G S Rampradheep
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
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Gopinath R, Sundaram ALM, Dhanasezhian A, Arundadhi M, Thangam GS. Seroprevalence of Various Viral Diseases in Tamil Nadu, India. J Glob Infect Dis 2023; 15:144-148. [PMID: 38292695 PMCID: PMC10824225 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Virus-borne diseases have recently gained significant public health importance. Viruses infect several hosts, including animal reservoirs, evolve quickly, and recombine emerging and reemerging to pose recurring dangers to humans. The Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) located at Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, conducts the diagnosis of common virus infections. Methods From January 2018 to December 2022, the VRDL received whole blood sera samples from 84,059 patients suspected of having various viral illnesses. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect viral infections in all of the samples. Results A total of 84,059 individuals suspected for various viral infections have been tested and out of these 4948 (5.88%) cases have been reported to be positive and among them, the dengue virus is predominantly followed by, hepatitis B virus, chikungunya virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus. Conclusion The issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious illnesses, particularly those caused by viruses, has grown in importance in public health. Timely action combined with proper information and the ability to diagnose infections may save many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gopinath
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - A. Dhanasezhian
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Arundadhi
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Sucila Thangam
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
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Peer S, Gopinath R, Saini J, Kumar P, Srinivas D, Nagaraj C. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography, Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion, and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Differentiation between Recurrence of a High-grade Glioma and Radiation Necrosis. Indian J Nucl Med 2023; 38:115-124. [PMID: 37456178 PMCID: PMC10348492 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_73_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiation between recurrence of brain tumor and radiation necrosis remains a challenge in current neuro-oncology practice despite recent advances in both radiological and nuclear medicine techniques. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging, and F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (F18-FDG-PET) in the differentiation between the recurrence of a high-grade glioma and radiation necrosis. Materials and Methods Patients with a diagnosis of high-grade glioma (WHO Grades III and IV) who had undergone surgical resection of the tumor followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were included in the study. DSC perfusion, diffusion-weighted MRI, and PET scan were acquired on a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. For each lesion, early and delayed tumor-to-brain ratio (TBR), early and delayed maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), normalized ADC ratio, and normalized relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) ratio were calculated and the pattern of lesional enhancement was noted. The diagnosis was finalized with either histopathological examination or the characteristics on follow-up imaging. The statistical analysis using the receiver operator characteristic curves was done to determine the diagnostic performance of DSC perfusion, 18-F FDG-PET, and ADC in differentiation between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis. Results Fifty patients were included in the final analysis, 32 of them being men (64%). A cutoff value of early TBR >0.8 (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80%), delayed TBR >0.93 (sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 80%), early SUVmax >10.2 (sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 80%), delayed SUVmax >13.2 (sensitivity of 61.54% and specificity of 100%), normalized rCBV ratio >1.21 (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 60%), normalized ADC ratio >1.66 (sensitivity of 38.5% and specificity of 80%), and Grade 3 enhancement (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 60%) were found to differentiate recurrence from radiation necrosis. Early TBR had the highest accuracy (94.44%), while ADC ratio had the lowest accuracy (50%). A combination of early TBR (cutoff value of 0.8), late TBR (cutoff value of 0.93), and rCBV ratio (cutoff value of 1.21) showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.3%, positive predictive value of 88.9%, negative predictive value of 93.7%, and an accuracy of 96.6% in discrimination between radiation necrosis and recurrence of tumor. Conclusion F18-FDG-PET and DSC perfusion can reliably differentiate tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis, with early TBR showing the highest accuracy. ADC demonstrates a low sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrence. A combination of early TBR, delayed TBR, and rCBV may be more useful in discrimination between radiation necrosis and recurrence of glioma, with this combination showing a better diagnostic performance than individual parameters or any other combination of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Peer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gopinath R. To reveal or to conceal: Appropriate statistical analysis is a moral obligation for authors in modern medicine. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:323-325. [PMID: 37303884 PMCID: PMC10248899 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_221_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesia, ESIC, Medical College and Superspecialty Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Bai VR, Kit AC, Kangadharan G, Gopinath R, Varadarajan P, Hao AJ. Experimental study on total coliform violations in the complied NH 2CL, O 3, and UV treated municipal water supply system. Eur Phys J Plus 2022; 137:689. [PMID: 35729916 PMCID: PMC9192938 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water quality has become a severe concern on a global scale, owing mostly to the rapid increase of the nation's development. According to Malaysia's Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, poor water management is the primary cause of the country's water quality problems. Many river systems are polluted by home and industrial pollutants, according to the findings of research in Malaysia and comparable difficulties in a few other nations. Hence, the following are the research's goals: (1) To look into what is causing the infractions. (2) To undertake the inquiry, develop a thorough hypothesis. (3) To detect dangerous germs by sampling the most usually infected regions. (4) To develop a test for Total Coliform violations in chlorine-treated water at the water treatment plant and in water distribution systems. As a result, the most major barrier to ensuring the safe delivery of treated water to consumers and protecting human health from water-related diseases is the drinking water treatment process. As a result, practically all water treatment systems around the world, including those in the USA, use a chlorine-based procedure to disinfect the water system during treatment. According to studies, the ideal way of disinfecting treated water is both safe and beneficial. Any sort of pandemic or biologically caused disease has no societal implications. Many countries began to suffer in 2009 as a result of e-coli and total coliform contamination in their water systems, leading to ambiguity in disinfection methods. Some water from UNMC's coolers was within the guidelines, while some exceed them. Water coolers at Block E (614 m) and Block B (605 m), for example, measured 12 CFU/100 ml and 11 CFU/100 ml, respectively. Water coolers should be cleaned regularly to ensure that they perform correctly. Further, the microbial population was found to be higher at water storage tanks than that is at the water cooler. This demonstrates how a water cooler fulfils its purpose of filtering and trapping germs to provide clean drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Ramani Bai
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- UCSI-Cheras Low Carbon Innovation Hub Research Consortium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Chun Kit
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G. Kangadharan
- Alpha Cambridge International School, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Baba’s, Selayang Industrial Park, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - A. J. Hao
- University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Anand AR, Harinee R, Jeyalatha MV, Poonam NS, Therese KL, Rajeshwari H, Narasimhan L, Gopinath R. Microbiological profile of canaliculitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns: A 11-year review at a referral eye care centre. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:378-383. [PMID: 35691753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the microbiological profile and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in canaliculitis, an infection of the lacrimal drainage system of the eye. METHODS The laboratory records of patients presenting with canaliculitis from whom specimens were obtained for microbiological investigations at our tertiary eye care centre in South India from January 2010 to December 2020, were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 130 canalicular pus samples were collected from 112 patients and submitted for microbiological studies during the study period. A total of 183 micro-organisms were isolated from 115 culture-positive specimens. The micro-organisms isolated were predominantly aerobic Gram-positive bacteria (83.44%), with Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS/Other Staphylococcus spp) (31.69%), Corynebacterium spp (15.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.84%) and Viridans Streptococci (9.84%) accounting for a majority of the isolates. Actinomycesspp (6.56%) was the most common anaerobic bacterium isolated. Our study revealed several bacteria not previously associated with canaliculitis namely Ottowia spp, Elizabethkingiameningoseptica, Aeromonassalmonicida, Capnocytophagaochracea and Campylobacter gracilis. Polymicrobial aetiology was observed in 39.13% of culture-positive samples. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates revealed a high proportion of Gram-positive bacteria susceptible to chloramphenicol (90.16%) compared to fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin (74.42%), norfloxacin (64.15%) and gatifloxacin (60.49%). CONCLUSION This study represents the largest series of canaliculitis reporting the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolated micro-organisms, till date. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for a majority of isolates, predominated by Staphylococcus spp. The increasing resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to fluoroquinolones warrants antibiotic treatment in canaliculitis is based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appakkudal R Anand
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
| | - Rajagopalan Harinee
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Nisar Sonam Poonam
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Kulandai Lily Therese
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Hema Rajeshwari
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmipriya Narasimhan
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - R Gopinath
- L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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Khan T, Yadav M, Geetha S, Gopinath R, Durga P, Chowdary H. Comparison between Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Tramadol for Prevention of Perioperative Shivering under Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/59358.17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Perioperative shivering after spinal anaesthesia is a common complication. Ketamine and tramadol are routinely used to prevent perioperative spinal shivering. Ketamine has the side-effect of delirium while tramadol causes nausea and vomiting. Dexmedetomidine an alpha2 agonist is superior to tramadol and ketamine in view of better central vasoconstrictor tone regulation and less sympathetic activity. Aim: To compare the efficacy, effect on haemodynamics, and any adverse effects of tramadol, ketamine and dexmedetomidine when used prophylactically to prevent perioperative shivering after spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This, randomised, clinical study recruited adult patients aged 18 to 65 years, of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II, of both genders undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia between February 2018 and August 2018. A total of 120 patients were assigned to four groups: T, D, K, and N, to receive Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg or Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg or Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg or normal saline 5 mL, respectively. Each study drug was diluted to 5 mL using normal saline and administered as a slow intravenous (iv) bolus injection five minutes before spinal anaesthesia. Patients received subarachnoid block in L3-4 or L4-5 space in sitting position with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg. Patients were monitored for shivering, (using a four-point scale), level of consciousness, heart rate, SpO2 , respiratory rate, non invasive blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, at intervals of every five minutes for the first 30 minutes and every 15 minutes for the remaining observation period. Results: Dexmedetomidine (n=0) offered lower incidence of shivering prevention after spinal anaesthesia than ketamine (n=2,6.6%), tramadol (n=10,33%) and normal saline groups (n=11,36.6%). Dexmedetomidine also provided the advantages of maintaining haemodynamics, respiratory rate, and consciousness, similar to ketamine or tramadol (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is superior to ketamine and tramadol for the prevention of shivering after spinal anaesthesia.
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Thakur N, Ramidi A, Gopinath R, Srinivas M. Indigenous adaptor for high flow nasal oxygen delivery. Indian J Anaesth 2022; 66:149-151. [PMID: 35359477 PMCID: PMC8963223 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_812_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pakhare V, Gopinath R, Surya Dhanalakshmi SK, Nanda A, Kanojia N, Venu P. Audit of operation theater time utilization with perspective to optimize turnaround times and theater output. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2022; 38:399-404. [PMID: 36505226 PMCID: PMC9728457 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_398_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Operation theater (OT) complex is an important area for a hospital as it needs expensive infrastructure, disposable, and reusable resources and a multidisciplinary highly qualified and efficient team, the metrics of which are key in generating revenue, and improved productivity. The efficient utilization of OT ensures maximum output in view of the investment of highly qualified doctors, equipment, and outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the utilization of OT functioning stepwise, reasons for delays, case cancellations, and areas of improvement if any. Material and Methods This prospective observational study was planned in three phases; in phase 1 audit of OT functioning was carried out for 1 month and based on data analysis recommendations were given for improvement. In phase 2, the recommendations would be implemented over 3 months and in phase 3 re-audit will be carried out for 1 month. Data analysis was done on IBM SPSS version 26 software. Descriptive statistics measures were calculated by the mean and standard deviation. Results The total available resource time was 52920 min and the total time utilized was 37740 min. Overall, raw utilization was 71.31%. OT was started late 63.50% times. Case cancellation occurred on 8.99% occasions. Conclusion We conclude that utilization of operating room time can be maximized by proper planning and realistic scheduling of elective lists, communication among team members, and resource management. Audit of OT utilization is an important tool to identify problem areas and formulate protocols accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Pakhare
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ananya Nanda
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ananya Nanda, Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. E-mail:
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P. Venu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Nanda A, Pakhare V, Vamshidhar M, Gopinath R. Humble ECG electrode - A novel technique for epidural fixation. Indian J Anaesth 2021; 65:635-636. [PMID: 34584293 PMCID: PMC8445223 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_171_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Nanda
- Department of anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad
| | - Vandana Pakhare
- Department of anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad
| | - M Vamshidhar
- Department of anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of anaesthesiology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad
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Kar A, Kar P, Gopinath R. Publication performance of Indian authors in high impact anesthesiology journals: Are we doing enough? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2021; 37:505-508. [PMID: 35340954 PMCID: PMC8944349 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_84_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rajasekhar M, Yadav M, Kulkarni D, Gopinath R. Comparison of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation using Macintosh or McCoy or C-MAC laryngoscope during uniform depth of anesthesia monitored by entropy. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020; 36:391-397. [PMID: 33487909 PMCID: PMC7812944 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_281_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Laryngoscopy forms an important part of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation using Macintosh or McCoy or C-MAC Laryngoscope with M-Entropy module monitoring to ensure uniform and adequate depth of anesthesia, during and after intubation. Material and Methods: A prospective, randomised, comparative study was done and patients included were of 18 to 60 years, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) physical status I and II of both sexes undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were assigned to three groups using simple randomisation, after securing IV (intravenous) access, standard monitoring and Entropy leads were attached. General anesthesia was administered with glycopyrrolate 0.1 mg, fentanyl 2 ug/kg and intravenous thiopentone, 4 mg/kg. Adequate muscle relaxation was achieved with atracurium 0.6 mg/kg IV. By titrating isoflurane concentration, Entropy maintained between 40 and 60, orotracheal intubation done, with Macintosh or McCoy or C-MAC blades according to simple randomisation. Size of laryngoscope blade, time taken for laryngoscopy and intubation were noted. Heart rate, blood pressure, RE (Response Entropy) and SE (State Entropy) were noted before and during induction and laryngoscopy and post intubation up to 5 minutes. Statistical analysis done using NCSS 9 version 9.0.8 statistical software. Results: Hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation using Macintosh or McCoy or C-MAC laryngoscope were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) between the three groups, provided the depth of anesthesia is maintained constant. Conclusions: It is the depth of anesthesia that decides the magnitude of hemodynamic responses and not the choice of laryngoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajasekhar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monu Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Gopinath R, Narenderan ST, Kumar M, Babu B. A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative bioanalysis of fingolimod in human blood: Application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4822. [PMID: 32153027 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of fingolimod in human blood. The analyte and internal standard fingolimod-d4 were extracted from 300 μl of human blood using protein precipitation coupled with solid-phase extraction method. The chromatographic separation was achieved with a Kinetex biphenyl column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) under isocratic conditions at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and column temperature was maintained at 45°C. The detection of analyte and internal standard was carried out by tandem mass spectrometry, operated in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The method was fully validated for its selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, stability, detection and quantification limit. The extraction recovery of fingolimod in human blood ranged from 98.39 to 99.54%. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 5-2500 pg/ml with a detection limit of 1 pg/ml. The developed method was validated and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of fingolimod capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be university), Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be university), Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Gopinath R, Narenderan ST, Kumar M, Babu B. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of lenalidomide in human plasma and its application on bioequivalence studies. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of lenalidomide in human plasma. The separation was carried out on a symmetry, C18, 5-μm (50 × 4.6 mm) column as stationary phase and with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water-methanol in the ratio of (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Protonated ions formed by electrospray ionization in the positive mode were used to detect analyte and fluconazole (internal standard). The mass detection was made by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 260.1/148.8 for lenalidomide and m/z 307.1/238.0 for internal standard on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The developed method was validated over the concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL for lenalidomide in human plasma with a correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9930. The accuracy and precision values obtained from six different sets of quality control samples analyzed on separate occasions ranged from 99.41 to 106.97% and 2.88 to 4.22%, respectively. Mean extraction recoveries were 98.06% and 88.78% for the analyte and IS, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for analyzing lenalidomide in human plasma samples.
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15
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Gopinath R, Poopathi R, Vasanthavigar M, Arun R, Mahadevan M. Stabilized red soil-an efficient liner system for landfills containing hazardous materials. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:590. [PMID: 30218210 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, disposal of hazardous material has become a challenging task especially in case of landfills where leaching out of waste is possible. In such cases, an efficient and economical liner system using locally available material is very essential. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the suitability of red soil stabilized using lime and Prosopis juliflora fibers as liner material for landfills. Prosopis is a woody weed available abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fibers were used at 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0% by weight of the soil and the amount of lime used was kept constant as 4%. Tests results revealed decrease in plasticity index, increase in UCC strength, ductile behavior, decrease in consolidation settlement, reduction in permeability and shrinkage, and increase in CBR resistance in soils treated with both lime and Prosopis fibers. SEM images of stabilized soil revealed adherence of hydrated products of lime on the fiber surface, which facilitate efficient stress transfer between the soil and fibers. A single composite liner system was modeled using Visual MODFLOW by replacing the compacted clay layer with the stabilized red soil below the HDPE liner and the model was simulated. The simulation result showed that the performance of liner system with stabilized red soil is good and could prevent the aquifer from contamination. From the study, it can be concluded that stabilized red soil possesses the geotechnical properties required for an efficient liner system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, 604001, India.
| | - R Poopathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, 604001, India
| | - M Vasanthavigar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Arun
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, 604001, India
| | - M Mahadevan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, 604001, India
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16
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Yadav M, Gopinath R. Comparison of the Effect of Ketamine, Tramadol, 1.5% Saline and Normal Saline Gargle on Post-Operative Sore Throat after Endotracheal Intubation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5418.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramakrishnaprasad Chikkala
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Gopinath R, Divatia JV. The post-graduate issue on cardiovascular diseases and anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth 2017; 61:695-696. [PMID: 28970626 PMCID: PMC5613593 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_565_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India E-mail:
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gurajala I, Durga P, Gopinath R. Comparison of nitroglycerine and sodium nitroprusside on serum lactate, mixed venous oxygen saturation and mixed venous and arterial PCO 2difference during cardiopulmonary bypass. J NTR Univ Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_43_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Srilata M, Padhy N, Kulkarni D, Inturi S, Gopinath R. Intranasal transmucosal sphenopalatine ganglion block: An approach to block anterior scalp innervation. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moningi Srilata
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Narmada Padhy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srikanth Inturi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Padhy N, Moningi S, Kulkarni D, Gopinath R. A randomised comparative study between AirTraq and McCoy for intubation in patients with cervical spine injury. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narmada Padhy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srilata Moningi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Sandeep
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Mahesh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Gopinath R, Ganesan K, Saravanakumar SS, Poopathi R. Characterization of new cellulosic fiber from the stem ofSida rhombifolia. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1117712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Jayaram K, Moningi S, Kulkarni DK, Gopinath R. Is visualization of dilator also important in central venous cannulation? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2015; 31:278-9. [PMID: 25948928 PMCID: PMC4411861 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Jayaram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srilata Moningi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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Gurajala I, Thipparampall AK, Durga P, Gopinath R. Effect of perineural dexmedetomidine on the quality of supraclavicular brachial plexus block with 0.5% ropivacaine and its interaction with general anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth 2015; 59:89-95. [PMID: 25788741 PMCID: PMC4357892 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.151369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The effect of perineural dexmedetomidine on the time to onset, quality and duration of motor block with ropivacaine has been equivocal and its interaction with general anaesthesia (GA) has not been reported. We assessed the influence of dexmedetomidine added to 0.5% ropivacaine on the characteristics of supraclavicular brachial plexus block and its interaction with GA. Methods: In a randomised, double blind study, 36 patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery on the upper limb under supraclavicular block and GA were divided into either R group (35 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 0.5 ml of normal saline [n - 18]) or RD group (35 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 50 μg dexmedetomidine [n - 18]). The onset time and duration of motor and sensory blockade were noted. The requirement of general anaesthetics was recorded. Results: Both the groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. The time of onset of sensory block was not significantly different. The proportion of patients who achieved complete motor blockade was more in the RD group. The onset of motor block was earlier in group RD than group R (P < 0.05). The durations of analgesia, sensory and motor blockade were significantly prolonged in group RD (P < 0.00). The requirement of entropy guided anaesthetic agents was not different in both groups. Conclusions: The addition of dexmedetomidine to 0.5% ropivacaine improved the time of onset, quality and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block but did not decrease the requirement of anaesthetic agents during GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Gurajala
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Thipparampall
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Durga
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Khetarpal M, Yadav M, Kulkarni D, Gopinath R. Role of dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane in the intraoperative management of patient undergoing resection of phaeochromocytoma. Indian J Anaesth 2014; 58:496-7. [PMID: 25197134 PMCID: PMC4155311 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.139028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Khetarpal
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Monu Yadav
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
A 63-year-old man with severe Parkinson's disease (PD) who had been implanted with deep brain stimulators into both sides underwent radical nephrectomy under general anaesthesia with standard monitoring. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative and effective treatment option for severe and refractory PD and other illnesses such as essential tremor and intractable epilepsy. Anaesthesia in the patients with implanted neurostimulator requires special consideration because of the interaction between neurostimulator and the diathermy. The diathermy can damage the brain tissue at the site of electrode. There are no standard guidelines for the anaesthetic management of a patient with DBS electrode in situ posted for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Khetarpal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Monu Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gurajala I, Tripathi AK, Tejavath KK, Maddury J, Gopinath R. A Rare Presentation Of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction. Br J Anaesth 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/el_11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vaijeyanthi V, Vishnuprasad K, Kumar CS, Ramachandran KI, Gopinath R, Kumar AA, Yadav PK. Towards enhancing the performance of multi-parameter patient monitors. Healthc Technol Lett 2014; 1:19-20. [PMID: 26609370 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2013.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-parameter patient monitors (MPMs) have become increasingly important in providing quality healthcare to patients. It is well known in the medical community that there exists an intrinsic relationship between different vital parameters in a healthy person, these include heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate and oxygen saturation. For example, an increase in blood pressure would lead to a decrease in the heart rate, and vice versa. Although it is likely to improve the performance of MPM systems, this fact is not explored in engineering research. In this work, experiments show that deriving additional features to capture the intrinsic relationship between the vital parameters, the alarm accuracy (sensitivity), no-alarm accuracy (specificity) and the overall performance of MPMs can be improved. The geometric mean of the product of all the vital parameters taken in pairs of two was used to capture the intrinsic relationship between the different parameters. An improvement of 10.55% for sensitivity, 0.32% for specificity and an overall performance improvement of 1.03% was obtained, compared to the baseline system using classification and regression tree with the four vital parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vaijeyanthi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Machine Intelligence Research Laboratory , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Amritanagar , Coimbatore , India
| | - K Vishnuprasad
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Machine Intelligence Research Laboratory , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Amritanagar , Coimbatore , India
| | - C Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Machine Intelligence Research Laboratory , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Amritanagar , Coimbatore , India
| | - K I Ramachandran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Machine Intelligence Research Laboratory , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Amritanagar , Coimbatore , India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Machine Intelligence Research Laboratory , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Amritanagar , Coimbatore , India
| | - A Anand Kumar
- Department of Neurology , Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences , Cochin , India
| | - Praveen Kumar Yadav
- Department of Neurology , Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences , Cochin , India
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Gurajala I, Azharuddin M, Gopinath R. General anaesthesia with laryngeal mask airway may cause recurrence of pneumocephalus in a patient with head injury. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:675-6. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Gopinath R, Geetha B. An E-learning System Based on Secure Data Storage Services in Cloud Computing. International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/jitwe.2013040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abundant reasonable computers, web resources and education content are identified to transform educational usage on-demand in the field of cloud infrastructure. Therefore, there comes a necessity to redesign the educational system to meet the needs better. The appearance of cloud based services supports the creation of latest generation e-learning systems for storing multimedia data within the cloud; it draws attention for academia and research area, which may be able to use high quality of resources. Even though the merits of cloud service are more attractive, the physical possession of users data is under security risk with respect to data correctness. This poses many new security challenges which have not been well explored. This paper focuses mainly on distributed data storage security for e-learning system, which has always been an important aspect of quality service. To make sure the correctness of users data within the cloud, an adaptable and effective auditing mechanism hitches the challenges and distributes erasure-coded data for e-learning web application. This extensive analysis shows that the auditing result achieves quick data error correction and localization of servers for malicious data modification attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gopinath
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B.G. Geetha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pain following intravenous injection of propofol continues to be an intriguing problem. None of the commonly used methods completely attenuate the pain. Inflammatory response to propofol contributes to the pain. Role of hydrocortisone in attenuating pain has not been evaluated. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of lignocaine and hydrocortisone in attenuation of pain following intravenous injection of propofol. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 72 adult patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II, scheduled to undergo elective surgery. They were randomly assigned to four groups of 18 each. Group NS, group LG, group HC10, and group HC25. The groups received 2 ml normal saline, 2 ml 2% lignocaine, 10 mg/2 ml hydrocortisone, and 25 mg/2 ml hydrocortisone, respectively, as pretreatment. Propofol was injected 30 sec later. A blinded researcher assessed the patient's pain level using a four point verbal rating scale. Results: The four groups were comparable in respect to patient's characteristics. There was no significant difference of hemodynamics changes during propofol induction between all the groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pain between patients who received hydrocortisone and the placebo group. The incidence of pain was significantly less in group LG than other three groups. Conclusion: Use of intravenous low dose hydrocortisone pretreatment of the vein does not attenuate pain following propofol injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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Jonnavithula N, Padmaja D, Abhishek K, Dilipkumar K, Gopinath R, Manas P. Bilateral infraorbital nerve block for post operative analgesia following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Br J Anaesth 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/el_7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Umchid S, Gopinath R, Srinivasan K, Lewin PA, Daryoush AS, Bansal L, El-Sherif M. Development of calibration techniques for ultrasonic hydrophone probes in the frequency range from 1 to 100 MHz. Ultrasonics 2009; 49:306-11. [PMID: 19110289 PMCID: PMC2677298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this work was to develop and optimize the calibration techniques for ultrasonic hydrophone probes used in acoustic field measurements up to 100 MHz. A dependable, 100 MHz calibration method was necessary to examine the behavior of a sub-millimeter spatial resolution fiber optic (FO) sensor and assess the need for such a sensor as an alternative tool for high frequency characterization of ultrasound fields. Also, it was of interest to investigate the feasibility of using FO probes in high intensity fields such as those employed in HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) applications. In addition to the development and validation of a novel, 100 MHz calibration technique the innovative elements of this research include implementation and testing of a prototype FO sensor with an active diameter of about 10 microm that exhibits uniform sensitivity over the considered frequency range and does not require any spatial averaging corrections up to about 75 MHz. The results of the calibration measurements are presented and it is shown that the optimized calibration technique allows the sensitivity of the hydrophone probes to be determined as a virtually continuous function of frequency and is also well suited to verify the uniformity of the FO sensor frequency response. As anticipated, the overall uncertainty of the calibration was dependent on frequency and determined to be about +/-12% (+/-1 dB) up to 40 MHz, +/-20% (+/-1.5 dB) from 40 to 60 MHz and +/-25% (+/-2dB) from 60 to 100 MHz. The outcome of this research indicates that once fully developed and calibrated, the combined acousto-optic system will constitute a universal reference tool in the wide, 100 MHz bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umchid
- Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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Mehta A, Rosenthal VD, Mehta Y, Chakravarthy M, Todi SK, Sen N, Sahu S, Gopinath R, Rodrigues C, Kapoor P, Jawali V, Chakraborty P, Raj JP, Bindhani D, Ravindra N, Hegde A, Pawar M, Venkatachalam N, Chatterjee S, Trehan N, Singhal T, Damani N. Device-associated nosocomial infection rates in intensive care units of seven Indian cities. Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:168-74. [PMID: 17905477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine the rate of healthcare-associated infection (HCAI), microbiological profile, bacterial resistance, length of stay (LOS) and excess mortality in 12 ICUs of the seven hospital members of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) of seven Indian cities. Prospective surveillance was introduced from July 2004 to March 2007; 10 835 patients hospitalized for 52 518 days acquired 476 HCAIs, an overall rate of 4.4%, and 9.06 HCAIs per 1000 ICU-days. The central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CVC-BSI) rate was 7.92 per 1000 catheter-days;the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate was 10.46 per 1000 ventilator-days; and the catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate was 1.41 per 1000 catheter-days. Overall 87.5% of all Staphylococcus aureus HCAIs were caused by meticillin-resistant strains, 71.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to ceftriaxone and 26.1% to piperacillin-tazobactam; 28.6% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 64.9% to ceftazidime and 42.0% to imipenem. LOS of patients was 4.4 days for those without HCAI, 9.4 days for those with CVC-BSI, 15.3 days for those with VAP and 12.4 days for those with CAUTI. Excess mortality was 19.0% [relative risk (RR) 3.87; P < or = 0.001] for VAP, 4.0% (RR 1.60; P=0.0174) for CVC-BSI, and 11.6% (RR 2.74; P=0.0102) for CAUTI. Data may not accurately reflect the clinical setting of the country and variations regarding surveillance may have affected HCAI rates. HCAI rates, LOS, mortality and bacterial resistance were high. Infection control programmes including surveillance and antibiotic policies are a priority in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehta
- PD Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Kumar SM, Chandrasekar MJN, Gopinath R, Srinivasan R, Nanjan MJ, Suresh B. In vitro and in vivo studies on HPMC-K-100 M matrices containing naproxen sodium. Drug Deliv 2007; 14:163-9. [PMID: 17454036 DOI: 10.1080/10717540601098682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of naproxen sodium were prepared by wet granulation using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC-K-100 CR) as the hydrophilic rate controlling polymer. The effect of the concentration of the polymer and different fillers on the in vitro drug release rate was studied. The studies indicated that the drug release can be modulated by varying the concentration of the polymer and the fillers. An optimized formulation subjected to accelerated stability studies for 3 months revealed that the developed CR tablets are stable. A complete cross-over bioavailability study of the optimized formulation of the developed CR tablets and marketed immediate release tablets was performed in 6 healthy male volunteers. The extent of absorption of drug from the CR tablets was significantly higher than that for the marketed naproxen sodium tablet due to lower elimination rate and longer half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahesh Kumar
- TIFAC CORE, JSS College of Pharmacy, Senior Research Fellow, Tamilnadu, India
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Meyyanathan SN, Krishnaveni N, Suresh B, Gopinath R, Rajan S. A RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and aceclofenac in tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.32130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rajendran SD, Rao YM, Thanikachlam S, Sathish K, Gopinath R, Arun KP. Simultaneous estimation of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kulkarni H, Nandal D, Pardeshi J, Parulkar A, Gopinath R, Nagendranath V, Manimala Rao V. Peripheral venous tolerance of 20% alanyl-glutamine dipeptide. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Deligne S, Dharanipragada S, Gopinath R, Maison B, Olsen P, Printz H. A robust high accuracy speech recognition system for mobile applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1109/tsa.2002.804541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rao KN, Gopinath R, Kumar MS, Suryanarayana I, Prasad PS. Interaction-induced enhancement in the activity and selectivity of a titania-supported ammonium salt of a 12-molybdophosphoric acid catalyst during ammoxidation of 2-methylpyrazine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:2088-9. [PMID: 12240176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A titania-supported ammonium salt of 12-molybdophosphoric acid has been synthesized, and the salt-support interaction, which enhanced the reaction rate, has been correlated with the activity of the catalyst in the ammoxidation of 2-methylpyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Rao
- Catalysis & Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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Gopinath R, Ostrowski M, Justement SJ, Fauci AS, Nutman TB. Filarial infections increase susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1804-8. [PMID: 11069260 DOI: 10.1086/317623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2000] [Revised: 08/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Because helminth infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coexist in areas where the spread of AIDS is most dramatic, their in vitro interaction was explored. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with filarial infections (n=24) and from unexposed control subjects (n=12) were depleted of CD8 T cells and were infected with macrophage (M)- and T cell-tropic viruses. A trend toward increased HIV replication in PBMC from filaria-infected patients was observed. Furthermore, PBMC from 6 filaria-infected patients before antifilarial treatment were significantly more susceptible to replication of M-tropic virus than their posttreatment PBMC (P=.03). No intergroup differences were found in the surface expression of HLA-DR, CD25, CCR5, CXCR4, CCR3 on CD4 T cells, or monocytes before infection. PBMC from filaria-infected patients produced less RANTES (P=.02) but more intracellular interleukin-4 than those of control subjects. Thus, PBMC from persons with filarial infections appear to have enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection mediated by an undetermined mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gopinath R, Hanna LE, Kumaraswami V, Perumal V, Kavitha V, Vijayasekaran V, Nutman TB. Perturbations in eosinophil homeostasis following treatment of lymphatic filariasis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:93-9. [PMID: 10603373 PMCID: PMC97106 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.1.93-99.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with patent Wuchereria bancrofti infection results in an acute clinical reaction and peripheral eosinophilia. To investigate the dynamics of the eosinophil response, changes in eosinophil activation and degranulation and plasma levels of eosinophil-active chemokines and cytokines were studied in 15 microfilaremic individuals in south India by sequential blood sampling before and after administration of 300 mg of diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Clinical symptoms occurred within 24 h. Plasma interleukin-5 (IL-5) and RANTES levels peaked 1 to 2 days posttreatment, preceding a peak peripheral eosinophil count at day 4. Major basic protein secretion from eosinophils paralleled IL-5 secretion, while levels of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin peaked at day 13 after treatment. Expression of the activation markers HLA-DR and CD25 on eosinophils rose markedly immediately after treatment, while expression of VLA-4 and alpha4beta7 showed an early peak within 24 h and a second peak at day 13. Thus, the posttreatment reactions seen in filarial infections can be divided into an early phase with killing of microfilariae, clinical symptomatology, increases in plasma IL-5 and RANTES levels, and eosinophil activation and degranulation and a later phase with expression of surface integrins on eosinophils, recruitment of eosinophils from the bone marrow to tissues, and clearance of parasite antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Gopinath R, Reddy P, Rajagopal P. Intractable ventricular fibrillation after cross-clamp removal: intra-aortic magnesium a savior. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:801-2. [PMID: 10622670 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-0770(99)90155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gopinath R, Hanna LE, Kumaraswami V, Pillai SV, Kavitha V, Vijayasekaran V, Rajasekharan A, Nutman TB. Long-term persistence of cellular hyporesponsiveness to filarial antigens after clearance of microfilaremia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60:848-53. [PMID: 10344663 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of parasite-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness after clearance of blood microfilariae (mf) was studied in 18 individuals who had been treated with a single dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, or a combination 2-3 years previously and who had initially cleared their parasitemia. At recruitment into the present study, 50% were again mf+ and 50% remained mf-. There were no significant differences between the mf+ and mf- groups in the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to adult or microfilarial antigens, although IFN-gamma production in response to purified protein derivative was greater in the mf+ group (geometric mean [gm] = 3,791 pg/ml; P = 0.02) than in the mf- group (gm = 600 pg/ml). These data suggest that although microfilaremic individuals may temporarily regain the ability to produce IFN-gamma to parasite antigens post-treatment, they subsequently revert to a state of hyporesponsiveness to mf-containing antigens that appears to be independent of the recurrence of microfilaremia and the response to nonparasite antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Gopinath R, Nutman TB. Identification of eosinophils in lysed whole blood using side scatter and CD16 negativity. Cytometry 1997; 30:313-6. [PMID: 9440823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of eosinophils in lysed whole blood by flow cytometry can be problematic, since these cells overlap significantly with the neutrophil cluster on forward scatter versus side scatter plots of whole blood samples. Current methods can be time-consuming when running multiple samples or may compromise yield in the interests of greater accuracy. The use of eosinophil purification techniques prior to FACS analysis or sorting as a way of ensuring purity may have unpredictable effects on eosinophil activation, leading to questionable data interpretation. Here we describe a simple, single-step method for definition of eosinophils utilizing their high side scatter and CD16 fluorescence negativity to differentiate them from neutrophils. The purity of the neutrophil and eosinophil populations sorted with this gate is close to 100% regardless of the peripheral blood eosinophil count, while the population obtained by sorting on a plot of FSC/SSC was a mixture of eosinophils and neutrophils. We suggest this method as a simple, reproducible, and accurate way of defining eosinophils by flow cytometry for analysis or sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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