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Gupta A, Liu T, Pounds C, Sharma RP, Yong C, Krumholz HM, Leon MB. Predictors of increased mortality in untreated moderate aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The natural history of native valvular moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is poorly understood.
Purpose
To examine the prognosis of patients with native valvular moderate AS, and identify high risk-features associated with increased mortality.
Methods
Natural language processing of electronic health records in the claims-linked Optum® database (2011–2018) from over 200 hospitals and 7000 clinics in the United States identified severity of AS (mild/moderate/severe) from echocardiograms and physician notes of patients more than 65 years old. Our cohort included 30,204 patients (3594 with mild, 9938 with moderate, and 16672 with severe AS). We used competing risk Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare 5-year mortality (obtained from the Social Security Death Masterfile) between the different AS severity groups adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, censoring for aortic valve replacement. The relationship between AS severity and survival was examined during median 1049 days (interquartile range: 597 to 1652 days) of follow-up. We performed Fine-Gray modeling to examine risk factors associated with long-term mortality in patients with moderate AS.
Results
A higher proportion of comorbidities like atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and coronary artery disease were observed with increasing severity of AS (Figure 1). After adjustment, compared with mild AS (5-year mortality: 31.6%), patients with untreated moderate (5-year mortality: 40.0%, HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25 – 1.44) and untreated severe AS (5-year mortality: 51.1%, HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.75– 2.01) have increasing risk of long-term mortality (Figure 2). Significant predictors of 5-year mortality in patients with moderate AS include older age (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.29 –1.47), male sex (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15 – 1.27), heart failure (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29 – 1.44), coronary artery disease (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13 – 1.27), and atrial fibrillation (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 – 1.14). In a subcohort of 5189 patients for whom left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) information was available, reduced LVEF was associated with worse long-term mortality (LVEF<40%: HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 –1.31; LVEF 40–50%: HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.97 –1.20).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that moderate AS is associated with poor long-term survival with higher risk associated with LVEF <40%, and comorbidities including heart failure, coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. Whether patients with moderate AS, particularly with high-risk features, benefit from treatment remains unknown.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Baseline CharacteristicsAdjusted KM curves with Competing Risk
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Columbia University Medical Center, Cardiology, New York, United States of America
| | - T Liu
- Edwards LifeSciences, Irvine, United States of America
| | - C Pounds
- Edwards LifeSciences, Irvine, United States of America
| | - R P Sharma
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology, Palo Alto, United States of America
| | - C Yong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology, Palo Alto, United States of America
| | - H M Krumholz
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Cardiology, New Haven, United States of America
| | - M B Leon
- Columbia University Medical Center, Cardiology, New York, United States of America
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Saini A, Gupta P, Bansal P, Sharma RP, Krishan B, Kaur P, Ferretti V. SYNTHESES, CHARACTERIZATION, X-RAY STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION, AND PACKING ANALYSES OF TERNARY COPPER(II) COMPLEXES: [Cu(2-PHENOXYACETATE/4-CHLOROBENZOATE)2(TEMED)]. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Shastri R, Sharma RP, Brar LS. Numerical investigations of cyclone separators with different cylinder-to-cone ratios. Particulate Science and Technology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2021.1905123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shastri
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - R. P. Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Lakhbir Singh Brar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Gupta K, Jaiswal A, Sharma RP, Bedi G. Immunotherapy with PPD in treatment of warts: An open labelled study from western Uttar Pradesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.18231/2581-4729.2019.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Feiner B, Chase KA, Melbourne JK, Rosen C, Sharma RP. Risperidone effects on heterochromatin: the role of kinase signaling. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:67-75. [PMID: 30714144 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic effects of anti-psychotic medications are poorly understood. We have appropriated a model whereby heterochromatin is established through 24- or 48-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and tested the epigenetic effects of risperidone along the adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (AC/PKA) pathway in human liposarcoma cells that express the LPS-sensitive Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. Human SW872 cells were cultured with LPS and mRNA expression levels and epigenetic modifications of dimethylated lysine 9 of histone 2 (H3K9me2), geterochromatin protein 1γ (HP1γ) and phospho-H3S10 at promoters of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL1β were measured. Pharmacological manipulation of the AC/PKA pathway was achieved through treatment with a PKA inhibitor (H89), mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) inhibitor (SB-747651A) or forskolin. Twenty-four and 48-h LPS treatment establishes heterochromatin at selected promoters, corresponding to decreased mRNA expression. Concurrent risperidone treatment with LPS treatment can both 'block' and 'reverse' heterochromatin formation. Forskolin treatment resulted in a similar disassembling effect on heterochromatin. Conversely, inhibition of PKA by H89 or MSK1 both blocked 'normalizing' effects of risperidone on LPS-induced heterochromatin. Our results demonstrate that risperidone can disassemble heterochromatin, exerting this effect along the G-protein/AC/PKA pathway. This approach can also be utilized to investigate functional outcomes of single or combined pharmacological treatments on chromatin assemblies in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Feiner
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K A Chase
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J K Melbourne
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Rosen
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R P Sharma
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pathak NK, Parthasarathi P, Kumar PS, Sharma RP. Tuning of the surface plasmon resonance of aluminum nanoshell near-infrared regimes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9441-9449. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of optical properties of aluminium metal nanoshell using semi-analytical and numerical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
- Department of Physics
| | | | - P. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - R. P. Sharma
- Plasma and Plasmonics Theory and Simulation Laboratory
- Centre for Energy Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi 110016
- India
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Hasnain SMM, Sharma RP. Evaluation of the performance and emission and spectroscopic analysis of an improved soy methyl ester. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26880-26893. [PMID: 35528558 PMCID: PMC9070456 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the performance, emission and physiochemical properties of a soy methyl ester (SME) and its combination with methyl oleate (MO) in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine were investigated. Moreover, the performance of the engine in terms of brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and NOx emission was assessed to compute the characteristics of the combination of SME with MO; the reasons for using MO in the blending process were the better ignition quality, oxidative stability and low-temperature flow properties of MO, striking a balance between oxidative stability and low flow properties. A remarkable reduction in the BSFC and an increase in the BTE were found in the blended biodiesel (S80-MO20, S70-M30, and S50-M50) as compared to the case of SME. The blended biodiesel was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the FTIR spectra, a peak was observed at 1745 cm−1, confirming the presence of a triglyceride ester linkage. Since UV-vis spectroscopy is an affordable technique, herein, it has been employed to detect the presence of conjugated dienes in the oxidized biodiesel. The linear line fitted for absorbance versus the percentage of the blended fuel at 320 nm showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9454). In addition, H NMR spectroscopy was employed to study the oxidative stability of the blended fuel. Different functional groups with their respective peaks (in ppm) are indicated in the NMR spectra. SME with MO at higher blended percentages was used in the emission performance test in an advance developed CRDI engine without any engine modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. P. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
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8
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Sevanthi AMV, Kandwal P, Kale PB, Prakash C, Ramkumar MK, Yadav N, Mahato AK, Sureshkumar V, Behera M, Deshmukh RK, Jeyaparakash P, Kar MK, Manonmani S, Muthurajan R, Gopala KS, Neelamraju S, Sheshshayee MS, Swain P, Singh AK, Singh NK, Mohapatra T, Sharma RP. Whole Genome Characterization of a Few EMS-Induced Mutants of Upland Rice Variety Nagina 22 Reveals a Staggeringly High Frequency of SNPs Which Show High Phenotypic Plasticity Towards the Wild-Type. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1179. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC6132179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Indian initiative, in creating mutant resources for the functional genomics in rice, has been instrumental in the development of 87,000 ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutants, of which 7,000 are in advanced generations. The mutants have been created in the background of Nagina 22, a popular drought- and heat-tolerant upland cultivar. As it is a pregreen revolution cultivar, as many as 573 dwarf mutants identified from this resource could be useful as an alternate source of dwarfing. A total of 541 mutants, including the macromutants and the trait-specific ones, obtained after appropriate screening, are being maintained in the mutant garden. Here, we report on the detailed characterizations of the 541 mutants based on the distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) descriptors at two different locations. About 90% of the mutants were found to be similar to the wild type (WT) with high similarity index (>0.6) at both the locations. All 541 mutants were characterized for chlorophyll and epicuticular wax contents, while a subset of 84 mutants were characterized for their ionomes, namely, phosphorous, silicon, and chloride contents. Genotyping of these mutants with 54 genomewide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed 93% of the mutants to be either completely identical to WT or nearly identical with just one polymorphic locus. Whole genome resequencing (WGS) of four mutants, which have minimal differences in the SSR fingerprint pattern and DUS characters from the WT, revealed a staggeringly high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on an average (16,453 per mutant) in the genic sequences. Of these, nearly 50% of the SNPs led to non-synonymous codons, while 30% resulted in synonymous codons. The number of insertions and deletions (InDels) varied from 898 to 2,595, with more than 80% of them being 1-2 bp long. Such a high number of SNPs could pose a serious challenge in identifying gene(s) governing the mutant phenotype by next generation sequencing-based mapping approaches such as Mutmap. From the WGS data of the WT and the mutants, we developed a genic resource of the WT with a novel analysis pipeline. The entire information about this resource along with the panicle architecture of the 493 mutants is made available in a mutant database EMSgardeN22 (http://14.139.229.201/EMSgardeN22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha M. V. Sevanthi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Amitha M. V. Sevanthi,
| | - Prashant Kandwal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant B. Kale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - M. K. Ramkumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neera Yadav
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Mahato
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Sureshkumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Meera K. Kar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - S. Manonmani
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - K. S. Gopala
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - P. Swain
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Ashok K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - N. K. Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - R. P. Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Das S, Sensharma A, Jana RN, Sharma RP. Slip Flow of Nanofluid Past a Vertical Plate with Ramped Wall Temperature Considering Thermal Radiation. j nanofluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2017.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shoba D, Raveendran M, Manonmani S, Utharasu S, Dhivyapriya D, Subhasini G, Ramchandar S, Valarmathi R, Grover N, Krishnan SG, Singh AK, Jayaswal P, Kale P, Ramkumar MK, Mithra SVA, Mohapatra T, Singh K, Singh NK, Sarla N, Sheshshayee MS, Kar MK, Robin S, Sharma RP. Development and Genetic Characterization of A Novel Herbicide (Imazethapyr) Tolerant Mutant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice (N Y) 2017; 10:10. [PMID: 28378144 PMCID: PMC5380566 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased water and labour scarcity in major rice growing areas warrants a shift towards direct seeded rice cultivation under which management of weeds is a major issue. Use of broad spectrum non-selective herbicides is an efficient means to manage weeds. Availability of rice genotypes with complete tolerance against broad-spectrum non-selective herbicides is a pre-requisite for advocating use of such herbicides. In the present study, we developed an EMS induced rice mutant, 'HTM-N22', exhibiting tolerance to a broad spectrum herbicide, 'Imazethapyr', and identified the mutations imparting tolerance to the herbicide. RESULTS We identified a stable and true breeding rice mutant, HTM-N22 (HTM), tolerant to herbicide, Imazethapyr, from an EMS-mutagenized population of approximately 100,000 M2 plants of an upland rice variety, Nagina 22 (N22). Analysis of inheritance of herbicide tolerance in a cross between Pusa 1656-10-61/HTM showed that this trait is governed by a single dominant gene. To identify the causal gene for Imazethapyr tolerance, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was followed using microsatellite markers flanking the three putative candidate genes viz., an Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) on chromosome 6 and two Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (AHAS) genes, one on chromosomes 2 and another on chromosome 4. RM 6844 on chromosome 2 located 0.16 Mbp upstream of AHAS (LOC_Os02g30630) was found to co-segregate with herbicide tolerance. Cloning and sequencing of AHAS (LOC_Os02g30630) from the wild type, N22 and the mutant HTM and their comparison with reference Nipponbare sequence revealed several Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mutant, of which eight resulted in non-synonymous mutations. Three of the eight amino acid substitutions were identical to Nipponbare and hence were not considered as causal changes. Of the five putative candidate SNPs, four were novel (at positions 30, 50, 81 and 152) while the remaining one, S627D was a previously reported mutant, known to result in Imidazolinone tolerance in rice. Of the novel ones, G152E was found to alter the hydrophobicty and abolish an N myristoylation site in the HTM compared to the WT, from reference based modeling and motif prediction studies. CONCLUSIONS A novel mutant tolerant to the herbicide "Imazethapyr" was developed and characterized for genetic, sequence and protein level variations. This is a HTM in rice without any IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) infringements and hence can be used in rice breeding as a novel genetic stock by the public funded organizations in the country and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Shoba
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - M. Raveendran
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - S. Manonmani
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - S. Utharasu
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - D. Dhivyapriya
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - G. Subhasini
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - S. Ramchandar
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - R. Valarmathi
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - Nitasha Grover
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Pawan Jayaswal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Prashant Kale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - M. K. Ramkumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - S. V. Amitha Mithra
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - T. Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi, 110 001 India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
- Present address: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - N. K. Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - N. Sarla
- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | | | - M. K. Kar
- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - S. Robin
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - R. P. Sharma
- INSA Honorary Scientist, NRCPB, IARI, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Srivastava K, Gupta A, Saxena R, Sharma RP, Midha T. A study on non-compliance in tuberculosis cases towards the directly observed treatment short course under RNTCP in Kanpur Nagar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The goal of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is to achieve cure rate of at least 85% and to detect at least 70% of the new smear positive cases of tuberculosis (TB). A very high rate of compliance to treatment is required to achieve the target and to prevent the drug resistance. The objective of the study was to study the magnitude and reasons of non-compliance in TB patients towards directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) in Kanpur Nagar.Methods: Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects from the two designated microscopy centres (DMC). Information regarding treatment compliance and patient satisfaction was elicited and recorded in the predesigned and pretested questionnaire, analysis was done using SPSS and percentages was used to draw the results.Results: Out of total 300 study subjects, 41(13.67%) were non-compliant during treatment. Majority of non-compliant study subjects were aged more than 50 years (30.23%), skilled workers (29%), belonged to socioeconomic class III (22.9%), Muslims (19.36%) and educated upto high school (16.33%). The most common cause of non-compliance in the present study was symptomatic relief during treatment (73.20%) followed by intolerance to medications (24.40%).Conclusions: Compliance to the drug regimen under RNTCP plays a vital role in the cure of the TB cases. Non-Compliance rate being high in the present study, health education of the community at large and regular follow up of all defaulters, to find out the reasons for default and measures to reduce them, requires more emphasis to achieve the goal of RNTCP.
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Das S, Sensharma A, Jana RN, Sharma RP. Stability of Nanofluid Flow Through a Vertical Channel with Wall Thermal Conductance and Radiation. j nanofluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2017.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Das S, Jana RN, Sharma RP, Makinde OD. MHD Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Ekman Layer on an Oscillating Porous Plate. j nanofluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2016.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sharma RP, Gupta PK, Singh RK, Strickland D. Nonlinear laser pulse response in a crystalline lens. Opt Lett 2016; 41:1423-1426. [PMID: 27192252 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The propagation characteristics of a spatial Gaussian laser pulse have been studied inside a gradient-index structured crystalline lens with constant-density plasma generated by the laser-tissue interaction. The propagation of the laser pulse is affected by the nonlinearities introduced by the generated plasma inside the crystalline lens. Owing to the movement of plasma species from a higher- to a lower-temperature region, an increase in the refractive index occurs that causes the focusing of the laser pulse. In this study, extended paraxial approximation has been applied to take into account the evolution of the radial profile of the Gaussian laser pulse. To examine the propagation characteristics, variation of the beam width parameter has been observed as a function of the laser power and initial beam radius. The cavitation bubble formation, which plays an important role in the restoration of the elasticity of the crystalline lens, has been investigated.
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Amitha Mithra SV, Kar MK, Mohapatra T, Robin S, Sarla N, Seshashayee M, Singh K, Singh AK, Singh NK, Sharma RP. DBT Propelled National Effort in Creating Mutant Resource for Functional Genomics in Rice. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v110/i4/543-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rosen C, Jones N, Chase KA, Grossman LS, Gin H, Sharma RP. Self, Voices and Embodiment: A Phenomenological Analysis. J Schizophr Res 2015; 2:1008. [PMID: 27099869 PMCID: PMC4834921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to examine first-person phenomenological descriptions of the relationship between the self and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs). Complex AVHs are frequently described as entities with clear interpersonal characteristics. Strikingly, investigations of first-person (subjective) descriptions of the phenomenology of the relationship are virtually absent from the literature. METHOD Twenty participants with psychosis and actively experiencing AVHs were recruited from the University of Illinois at Chicago. A mixed-methods design involving qualitative and quantitative components was utilized. Following a priority-sequence model of complementarity, quantitative analyses were used to test elements of emergent qualitative themes. RESULTS The qualitative analysis identified three foundational constructs in the relationship between self and voices: 'understanding of origin,' 'distinct interpersonal identities,' and 'locus of control.' Quantitative analyses further supported identified links of these constructs. Subjects experienced their AVHs as having identities distinct from self and actively engaged with their AVHs experienced a greater sense of autonomy and control over AVHs. DISCUSSION Given the clinical importance of AVHs and emerging strategies targeting the relationship between the hearer and voices, our findings highlight the importance of these relational constructs in improvement and innovation of clinical interventions. Our analyses also underscore the value of detailed voice assessments such as those provided by the Maastricht Interview are needed in the evaluation process. Subjects narratives shows that the relational phenomena between hearer and AVH(s) is dynamic, and can be influenced and changed through the hearers' engagement, conversation, and negotiation with their voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosen
- University of Illinois at Chicago, The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - N Jones
- Stanford University, Department of Anthropology, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, USA
| | - KA Chase
- University of Illinois at Chicago, The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - LS Grossman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - H Gin
- University of Illinois at Chicago, The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - RP Sharma
- University of Illinois at Chicago, The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
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Lima JM, Nath M, Dokku P, Raman KV, Kulkarni KP, Vishwakarma C, Sahoo SP, Mohapatra UB, Mithra SVA, Chinnusamy V, Robin S, Sarla N, Seshashayee M, Singh K, Singh AK, Singh NK, Sharma RP, Mohapatra T. Physiological, anatomical and transcriptional alterations in a rice mutant leading to enhanced water stress tolerance. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv023. [PMID: 25818072 PMCID: PMC4482838 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical responses both at the cellular and whole organism level upon sensing water stress. Leaf rolling, stomatal closure, deeper root penetration, higher relative water content (RWC) and better osmotic adjustment are some of the mechanisms that plants employ to overcome water stress. In the current study, we report a mutant, enhanced water stress tolerant1 (ewst1) with enhanced water stress tolerance, identified from the ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant population of rice variety Nagina22 by field screening followed by withdrawal of irrigation in pots and hydroponics (PEG 6000). Though ewst1 was morphologically similar to the wild type (WT) for 35 of the 38 morphological descriptors (except chalky endosperm/expression of white core, decorticated grain colour and grain weight), it showed enhanced germination in polyethylene glycol-infused medium. It exhibited increase in maximum root length without any significant changes in its root weight, root volume and total root number on crown when compared with the WT under stress in PVC tube experiment. It also showed better performance for various physiological parameters such as RWC, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll concentration upon water stress in a pot experiment. Root anatomy and stomatal microscopic studies revealed changes in the number of xylem and phloem cells, size of central meta-xylem and number of closed stomata in ewst1. Comparative genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified genes related to exocytosis, secondary metabolites, tryptophan biosynthesis, protein phosphorylation and other signalling pathways to be playing a role in enhanced response to water stress in ewst1. The possible involvement of a candidate gene with respect to the observed morpho-physiological and transcriptional changes and its role in stress tolerance are discussed. The mutant identified and characterized in this study will be useful for further dissection of water stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Milton Lima
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Nath
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasad Dokku
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - K V Raman
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - K P Kulkarni
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - C Vishwakarma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - S P Sahoo
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - U B Mohapatra
- Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, India
| | - S V Amitha Mithra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - V Chinnusamy
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S Robin
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Sarla
- Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Seshashayee
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - K Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - A K Singh
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - N K Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - R P Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - T Mohapatra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India Present address: Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Gupta PK, Singh RK, Strickland D, Campbell MCW, Sharma RP. Effect of multiphoton ionization on performance of crystalline lens. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6775-6778. [PMID: 25502994 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents a model for propagation of a laser pulse in a human crystalline lens. The model contains a transverse beam diffraction effect, laser-induced optical breakdown for the creation of plasma via a multiphoton ionization process, and the gradient index (GRIN) structure. Plasma introduces the nonlinearity in the crystalline lens which affects the propagation of the beam. The multiphoton ionization process generates plasma that changes the refractive index and hence leads to the defocusing of the laser beam. The Letter also points out the relevance of the present investigation to cavitation bubble formation for restoring the elasticity of the eyes.
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Ji A, Raziman TV, Butet J, Sharma RP, Martin OJF. Optical forces and torques on realistic plasmonic nanostructures: a surface integral approach. Opt Lett 2014; 39:4699-4702. [PMID: 25121852 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We develop a novel formalism to calculate the optical forces and torques on complex and realistic nanostructures by combining the surface integral equation (SIE) technique with Maxwell's stress tensor. The optical force is calculated directly on the scatterer surface from the currents obtained from the SIE, which does not require an additional surface to evaluate Maxwell's stress tensor; this is especially useful for intricate geometries such as plasmonic antennas. SIE enables direct evaluation of forces from the surface currents very efficiently and accurately for complex systems. As a proof of concept, we establish the accuracy of the model by comparing the results with the calculations from the Mie theory. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by simulating a realistic plasmonic system with intricate geometry.
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Brar LS, Sharma RP, Dwivedi R. Effect of Vortex Finder Diameter on Flow Field and Collection Efficiency of Cyclone Separators. Particulate Science and Technology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.933144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guidotti A, Auta J, Davis JM, Dong E, Gavin DP, Grayson DR, Sharma RP, Smith RC, Tueting P, Zhubi A. Toward the identification of peripheral epigenetic biomarkers of schizophrenia. J Neurogenet 2014; 28:41-52. [PMID: 24702539 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2014.892485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heritable, nonmendelian, neurodevelopmental disorder in which epigenetic dysregulation of the brain genome plays a fundamental role in mediating the clinical manifestations and course of the disease. The authors recently reported that two enzymes that belong to the dynamic DNA methylation/demethylation network-DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) and TET (ten-eleven translocase; 5-hydroxycytosine translocator)-are abnormally increased in corticolimbic structures of SZ postmortem brain, suggesting a causal relationship between clinical manifestations of SZ and changes in DNA methylation and in the expression of SZ candidate genes (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], glucocorticoid receptor [GCR], glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 [GAD67], reelin). Because the clinical manifestations of SZ typically begin with a prodrome followed by a first episode in adolescence with subsequent deterioration, it is obvious that the natural history of this disease cannot be studied only in postmortem brain. Hence, the focus is currently shifting towards the feasibility of studying epigenetic molecular signatures of SZ in blood cells. Initial studies show a significant enrichment of epigenetic changes in lymphocytes in gene networks directly relevant to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the expression of DNA-methylating/demethylating enzymes and SZ candidate genes such as BDNF and GCR are altered in the same direction in both brain and blood lymphocytes. The coincidence of these changes in lymphocytes and brain supports the hypothesis that common environmental or genetic risk factors are operative in altering the epigenetic components involved in orchestrating transcription of specific genes in brain and peripheral tissues. The identification of DNA methylation signatures for SZ in peripheral blood cells of subjects with genetic and clinical high risk would clearly have potential for the diagnosis of SZ early in its course and would be invaluable for initiating early intervention and individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guidotti
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Illinois , Chicago, Chicago, Illinois , USA
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Mohapatra T, Robin S, Sarla N, Sheshasayee M, Singh AK, Singh K, Singh NK, Amitha Mithra SV, Sharma RP. EMS Induced Mutants of Upland Rice Variety Nagina22: Generation and Characterization. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i1/55094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jondhale P, Suresh P, Sharma RP, Minghani E. PA02.13. Invitro antimicrobial study of Gojihwadi kwatha ghana with special reference to upper respiratory tract infection. Anc Sci Life 2013. [PMCID: PMC4147530 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.123877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Rajkumar U, Niranjan M, Reddy BLN. Association of polymorphism in the prolactin promoter and egg quality traits in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2012; 52:551-7. [PMID: 22029781 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.617727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing was performed in White Leghorn hens to explore the polymorphisms present in the promoter of the prolactin gene. The effects of different genotypes on egg production and quality traits were determined, and expression of the prolactin gene in different genotypes was quantified by real time-PCR. Five genotypes and four alleles at each of two Fragments of the promoter were found, of which the FG genotype in Fragment 1 and the PQ genotype in Fragment 2 were the most predominant genotypes. The genotypes of Fragment 1 had significant effects (P < 0·05) on Haugh unit, albumen weight, albumen percentage and shell percentage at 40 weeks of age; egg weight and yolk index at 52 weeks of age; and egg weight at 64 weeks of age. Prolactin expression in the genotypes of Fragment 1 differed significantly and GH genotyped birds had the highest level of expression. The genotypes of Fragment 2 did not show any significant differences of expression. It was concluded that the prolactin gene promoter was highly polymorphic, and had significant effects on egg quality traits in White Leghorn hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Lab, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
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Sharma RP, Gavin DP, Chase KA. Heterochromatin as an incubator for pathology and treatment non-response: implication for neuropsychiatric illness. Pharmacogenomics J 2012; 12:361-7. [PMID: 22249356 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin is a higher order assembly that is characterized by a genome-wide distribution, gene-repression, durability and potential to spread. In this light, it is an appealing mechanism to interpret the neurobiology of complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia where downregulation of expression appears to be the norm. H3K9 methylation (H3K9me) can initiate the seeding of a heterochromatin assembly on an inactive or poorly coordinated promoter as a consequence of a decline in transactivators either from disuse or from misuse. H3K9me can extend its influence by spatial spreading through the mechanism of recursively recruiting adapters, such as heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) homodimers. HP1 itself serves as a platform for other repressive proteins such as DNA methyltransferases. In full color, heterochromatin can occupy genome-wide gene networks, tissue specific ontologies and even rearrange the nuclear architecture. Heterochromatin in the brain is modified by small molecule pharmacology and serves a physiological role in the functioning of dopamine neurons and the construction of memory. From a therapeutic perspective, the durable nature of heterochromatin implies that it may require disassembly before the full genomic-potential of standard pharmacotherapies is achieved, especially in treatment resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Sharma
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Niranjan M, Rajkumar U, Reddy BLN. Identification of haplotypes in promoter of prolactin gene and their effect on egg production and quality traits in layer chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2011; 22:71-86. [PMID: 21500109 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.555680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of prolactin hormone is a crucial event in regulating egg production in chickens for which promoter plays the vital role in expressing the prolactin gene. The objective of the present study was to identify haplotypes in the prolactin promoter and their effects on egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chicken. Single stranded conformation polymorphism followed by sequencing was conducted to explore polymorphism at 561 bp promoter of prolactin gene. The effect of haplotype combinations on egg production and quality traits were estimated following general linear model technique. The expression of prolactin by different haplogroups was quantified by qPCR. Total 28 haplotypes were found in White Leghorn chicken of which h1 haplotype possessed the highest frequency of 0.46 and h8, h14, h16, h25, h26, and h28 haplotypes had the lowest frequency (0.1%). The egg production up to 52 and 64 weeks of age were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with haplotype combinations where the highest 52-w (52 weeks) egg production was found in animals with h1/h22 combination and the lowest production was observed in the birds with h1/h2 haplogroup. The haplotype combinations had the significant effect (p < 0.05) on Haugh Unit, yolk index and albumen weight at 40 weeks of age; Haugh Unit and albumen weight at 52 weeks of age and Haugh unit, yolk weight and yolk percentage at 64 weeks of age. The prolactin expression in h1/h22 birds was found to be the lowest and in h1/h5 birds to be the highest. The prolactin expression showed significant effect on 52-w egg production and albumin weight at 52 weeks age. In conclusion, it may be stated that the prolactin promoter was highly polymorphic and had the significant association with egg production and quality traits in White Leghorn chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Lab, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Saxena SC, Singh A, Srivastava VK, Martolia DS, Varma P, Sharma RP. SP6-44 "An appropriate approach for RCH services delivery through incentive based female activist (ASHA) for rural area in Kanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India". Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976q.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rajkumar U, Sharma RP, Padhi MK, Rajaravindra KS, Reddy BLN, Niranjan M, Bhattacharya TK, Haunshi S, Chatterjee RN. Genetic analysis of juvenile growth and carcass traits in a full diallel mating in selected colored broiler lines. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1129-36. [PMID: 21360012 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The juvenile growth and carcass traits were evaluated in a 4 × 4 full diallel crossing involving four colored broiler chicken lines viz., Naked neck (NN), Dwarf, Punjab Broiler-1 (PB-1), and Punjab Broiler-2 to study the performance and crossbreeding parameters. The data on 2,280 chicks were analyzed using least squares techniques to assess the effect of genetic group, and the significant traits were further analyzed for crossbreeding parameters. Genetic group had significant influence on the body weights and carcass traits. The cross of PB-1 × NN recorded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher body weight at 6 weeks of age. The data revealed that general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal ability (MA), sex-linked effect (SE), and purebred effects significantly influenced the growth and carcass traits in the broiler crosses. The crossbred PB-1 × NN showed positive heterosis for growth as well as carcass traits. The results suggest that GCA, SCA, SE, and MA are important in the inheritance of the body weights and carcass traits indicating the presence of both additive and nonadditive genetic variation along with reciprocal effects. Therefore, pure line selection along with development of specialized sire and dam lines followed by crossing will improve the growth performance and benefit the poultry farmers. It is concluded that PB-1 as a male line and NN as a female line performed significantly higher, therefore, may be used for improving the performance of colored broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullengala Rajkumar
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India.
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Vispute RD, Choopun S, Li YH, Chalk DM, Ogale SB, Sharma RP, Venkatesan T, Iliadis A. First Observation of Atomic Long Range Ordering in Metal-Oxide Based ZnMgO Wide Bandgap Heterostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-583-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe report the first observation of atomic long range ordering in the metal-oxide based wide bandgap (3.68 eV) ZnMgO alloy semiconductor thin films grown on sapphire (0001) by pulsed laser deposition. The ZnMgO system has the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The atomic ordering was deduced from the observations of forbidden x-ray diffraction peaks in the wurtzite structure. We show that under optimum thin film growth conditions, Zn and Mg preferentially occupy hcp sublattice. The relative intensity of the superlattice peak was largest for the Mg content in the range of 10%, which is about 50% of the solubility of Mg in ZnO. The observation of long range order in ZnMgO alloy semiconductor is quite important in the context of understanding issues related to the growth kinetics, surface reconstruction, and phase stability of metal-oxide based heterostructures and devices.
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Chen H, Vispute RD, Talyansky V, Enck R, Ogale SB, Dahmas T, Choopun S, Sharma RP, Venkatesan T, Iliadis AA, Salamanca-Riba LG, Jones KA. Pulsed Laser Etching of GaN and AIN Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-482-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDue to limited success in wet etching of GaN and AIN, dry etching techniques have become more relevant for the processing of the GaN films. Here we demonstrate the results of an alternative dry etching process, namely, pulsed laser etching, for GaN and AIN. In this method, a KrF pulsed excimer laser (λ=248 nm, τ=30 ns) was used to etch epitaxial GaN and AIN films. The dependence of the etching characteristics on the laser energy density and the number of pulses has been studied. The etch depth showed a linear dependence on the number of pulses over a wide range of laser energy densities. The threshold intensity for GaN etching was determined to be 0.33 J/cm2. The etching rate was found to be a strong function of laser energy density. Above the threshold, the etch rate was found to be 300–1400 Å per pulse leading to etching rates of 0.1–1μm/sec depending upon the laser energy density and the pulse repetition rate. It is shown that the etching mechanism is based on laser induced absorption, decomposition and layer by layer removal of the GaN.
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Choopun S, Chalk DM, Yang W, Vispute RD, Ogale SB, Sharma RP, Venkatesan T. Single Quantum Well Heterostructures of MgZnO/ZnO/MgZnO on C-Plane Sapphire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-623-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe single quantum well heterostructures of MgZnO/ZnO/MgZnO were grown on c-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The well width was varied from 10 nm to 40 nm by controlling the deposition rate via number of laser pulsed on ZnO target. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, we have observed a blue shift with respect to a thick ZnO reference sample when the well width was decreased. These results were fitted with calculations based on the simple square well model using the appropriate electron and holes effective masses. The quantized-energy and band offset as a function of well width, growth conditions, interface roughness, and possible quantum size effects on the quantum wells are discussed.
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Niranjan M, Rajkumar U. Associations between novel polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR region of the prolactin gene and egg production and quality in chickens. Theriogenology 2010; 75:655-61. [PMID: 21111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR region of the prolactin gene, and determine their association with egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens. The study was conducted on four strains of White Leghorn chickens, namely IWH, IWI, IWK, and layer control. Overall, there were three alleles (designated A, B, and C) and five genotypes, with genotypic frequencies of 0.09, 0.75, 0.07, 0.02, and 0.07 for AA, AB, AC, BB, and BC, respectively. There were significant differences among genotypes for egg production up to 52 and 64 wk of age, with maximal egg yields for genotypes AA and AC (144.5 ± 5.06 and 143.2 ± 4.67 eggs, respectively). Furthermore, there were significant differences among genotypes for egg quality traits, including egg weight and Haugh unit at 40 wk of age, Haugh unit at 52 wk, and yolk color index and Haugh unit at 64 wk. Birds with AA or AC genotypes had the best egg quality traits. On the contrary, these genotypes had the lowest prolactin expression, whereas this expression was highest in birds with the BB genotype. In conclusion, polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR of prolactin gene were significantly associated with egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Rajkumar U, Reddy BLN, Rajaravindra KS, Niranjan M, Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Panda AK, Reddy MR, Sharma RP. Effect of Naked Neck Gene on Immune Competence, Serum Biochemical and Carcass Traits in Chickens under a Tropical Climate. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Shyam Sunder G, Sharma RP. Performance and bone mineralisation in broiler chicks fed on diets with different concentrations of cholecalciferol at a constant ratio of calcium to non-phytate phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:528-35. [PMID: 19735023 DOI: 10.1080/00071660903125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment was conducted with broiler female chicks (720) to study the effects of graded concentrations (75, 15, 225 or 30 microg/kg) of cholecalciferol (CC) in diets containing varying levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) at a 2:1 ratio (4:2, 5:25, 6:3 or 7:35 g/kg, respectively), on the performance (2-35 d of age), bone mineralisation and mineral (Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Cu) concentration in excreta. 2. Body weight gain, food intake, tibia density and tibia ash increased, and leg abnormality score decreased with dietary increase of CC from 75 to 30 microg at 4 g Ca and 2 g NPP. However, this improvement was not comparable with the birds receiving the highest concentrations of CC, Ca and NPP (30 microg, 7 g and 3.5 g, respectively/kg diet). 3. Significant improvements in the majority of parameters noted with increasing CC up to 225 microg at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP/kg, which was comparable to those fed the highest levels of CC, Ca and NPP. 4. Concentrations of Ca, P, Mn, Fe and Cu in excreta decreased significantly with increasing CC at all Ca:NPP ratios tested. 5. The predicted requirement of CC for most of the parameters ranged between 1625 and 25 microg/kg diet at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP. 6. Considering the performance, bone mineralisation, and mineral concentration in excreta, it can be concluded that Ca and NPP levels in broiler diet could be reduced to 5 and 25 g, respectively, while maintaining CC at 25 microg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Research Station, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
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Bhanja SK, Reddy VR, Panda AK, Rama Rao SV, Sharma RP. Requirement of Non-phytate Phosphorus in Synthetic Broiler Breeder Diet. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharma RP, Garg AP, Jaiswal A. An open randomized comparative study to test the efficacy and safety of oral terbinafine pulse as a monotherapy and in combination with topical ciclopirox olamine 8% or topical amorolfine hydrochloride 5% in the treatment of onychomycosis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007; 73:393-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.37056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pal S, Ravishankar R, Sharma RP, Muthukrishnan G, Ray DK, Roy SN, Srivastava DK. Empirical formula for the prediction of off axis ratios and isodose curves for a treatment planning system. J Med Phys 2006; 31:262-8. [PMID: 21206642 PMCID: PMC3004101 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model has been developed for prediction of off axis ratio (OAR), using Wood - Saxon term used to represent nuclear potential. This method has been satisfactorily applied for predicting OAR in case of (60)Co γ-rays and high energy X-rays. Investigations are considered upto a depth of 25 cm in the case of 4MV LINAC for which measurements were carried out in our laboratory using indigenously developed Radiation Field Analyzer. For (60)Co γ-rays as well as 6 and 18MV LINAC beams we could get off-axis profiles only upto 20 cm. The shift δ between measured and predicted OAR is within ±2 mm except for 20 cm depth near the falling edge of the penumbra, where it is 2.80 mm. Software has been developed in Visual Basic 6 on Windows platform to plot Isodose curves, which is based on the mathematical modeling of OAR and central axis percentage depth dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Pal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - G. Muthukrishnan
- B-12, Adhunika Co-operative, 164/3A Lake Gardens, Kolkata, India
| | - Dilip Kr Ray
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S. N. Roy
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
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Sharma RP, Bhasin KK, Tiekink ER. SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY STRUCTURE OF TRIS[1-PHENYL-2-(HYDROXIMINO)-1,3-BUTANEDIONATO]COBALT(III) – A STRUCTURAL ANALOGUE OF NATURALLY OCCURRING FERROVERDIN. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979508022564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharma RP. No scalpel vasectomy advocacy and community mobilisation--a personal experience. J Indian Med Assoc 2006; 104:134, 136-7. [PMID: 16910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The so called myths and taboos among the people of India are obstactes controlling population explosion and thereby the nation is being handicapped with economic development. To propagate awareness and information, the NSV Resource Center took up organising mega camps for the acceptance of NSV as the method of family planning and male participation. The awareness material has been developed to bring forth total sociocultural transformation through development of intense desire, strong determination, effective management and inclusion of a zeal of perpetual efforts both among the promoters and acceptors. The information modules have been developed to suit the requirements of various vehicles through which the message has to be spread. Awareness messages are generated through the inputs from sociocultural, economic, ethical, hygienic and administrative acumen. The materials prepared are disseminated through display hoardings, wall writings, distribution of pamphlets, audiovisual clips, face to face counselling, etc. Communication technology serves mobilising and educating people, especially rural populace. Some steps are suggested to reach remotest villages which are elaborated. Counselling is an essential part of motivation to the client. During the last 5 years a significant surge has been noticed in terms of access to new communication technologies. This may be employed to successfully implement the family planning programme.
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Bhanja SK, Reddy VR, Panda AK, Rao SVR, Sharma RP. Effect of Supplementing Microbial Phytase on Performance of Broiler Breeders Fed Low Non-phytate Phosphorus Diet. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gopee NV, Sharma RP. The mycotoxin fumonisin B1transiently activates nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor α and caspase 3 via protein kinase Cα-dependent pathway in porcine renal epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2004; 20:197-212. [PMID: 15499968 DOI: 10.1023/b:cbto.0000038458.39516.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a toxic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, predominantly present in corn. The principal biochemical responses of FB1 involve disruption of sphingolipid metabolism from the inhibition of ceramide synthesis leading to accumulation of free sphingoid bases, particularly sphinganine. The ability of FB1 to modulate signal transduction pathways plays a role in its toxicity. We recently reported that FB1 selectively and transiently activates protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) in porcine renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of PKCalpha activation by FB1 on NF-kappaB activation and subsequently on TNFalpha gene expression and caspase 3 induction in LLC-PK1 cells. FB1 (1 micromol/L for 5 min) transiently activated PKCalpha and increased nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, followed by their down-regulation at later time points. Preincubating the cells with the PKC inhibitor, calphostin C, prevented the activation of NF-kappaB by FB1. TNFalpha mRNA expression was increased after 15 min exposure to FB1 or the PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In addition, an increase in caspase 3 activity was observed after addition of FB1 for 1 h. Calphostin C prevented both the FB1-induced increase in TNFalpha expression and caspase 3 activation. In summary, we hereby demonstrate that the FB1 activation of NF-kappaB and sequential induction of TNFalpha expression resulting in the subsequent increase in caspase 3 activity are all dependent on PKCalpha stimulation in LLC-PK1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Gopee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7389, USA
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Varshney A, Mohapatra T, Sharma RP. Development and validation of CAPS and AFLP markers for white rust resistance gene in Brassica juncea. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 109:153-159. [PMID: 14997300 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
White rust, caused by Albugo candida, is a very serious disease in crucifers. In Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), it can cause a yield loss to the extent of 89.9%. The locus Ac2(t) controlling resistance to white rust in BEC-144, an exotic accession of mustard, was mapped using RAPD markers. In the present study, we developed: (1) a more tightly linked marker for the white rust resistance gene, using AFLP in conjunction with bulk segregant analysis, and (2) a PCR-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for the closely linked RAPD marker, OPB06(1000). The data obtained on 94 RILs revealed that the CAPS marker for OPB06(1000) and the AFLP marker E-ACC/M-CAA(350) flank the Ac2(t) gene at 3.8 cM and 6.7 cM, respectively. Validation of the CAPS marker in two different F(2) populations of crosses Varuna x BEC-144 and Varuna x BEC-286 was also undertaken, which established its utility in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for white rust resistance. The use of both flanking markers in MAS would allow only 0.25% misclassification and thus provide greater efficiency to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varshney
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012 New Delhi, India
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Jones KA, Derenge MA, Ervin MH, Shah PB, Freitas JA, Vispute RD, Sharma RP, Gerardi GJ. Electrical, CL, EPR and RBS study of annealed SiC implanted with Al or Al and C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200306704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The methanol extract of stem barks of Alianthus excelsa was partitioned with chloroform. The chloroform extract showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium frequentence, P. notatum and Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Joshi
- Chemistry Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) plays an important physiological role in embryonic development and is teratogenic in large doses in almost all species. p53, a tumor suppressor gene encodes phosphoproteins, which regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Temporal modulation of p53 by retinoic acid was investigated in murine embryonic stem cells during differentiation and apoptosis. Undifferentiated embryonic stem cells express a high level of p53 mRNA and protein followed by a decrease in p53 levels as differentiation proceeds. The addition of retinoic acid during 8-10 days of differentiation increased the levels of p53 mRNA and protein, accompanied by accelerated neural differentiation and apoptosis. Marked increase in apoptosis was observed at 10-20 h after retinoic acid treatment when compared with untreated controls. Retinoic acid-induced morphological differentiation resulted in predominantly neural-type cells. Maximum increase in p53 mRNA in retinoic acid-treated cells occurred on day 17, whereas maximum protein synthesis occurred on days 14-17, which coincided with increased neural differentiation and proliferation. Increased p53 levels did not induce p21 transactivation, interestingly a decrease in p21 was observed on day 17 on exposure to retinoic acid. The level of p53 declined by day 21 of differentiation. The results demonstrated that retinoic acid-mediated apoptosis preceded the changes in p53 expression, suggesting that p53 induction does not initiate retinoic acid-induced apoptosis during development. However, retinoic acid accelerated neural differentiation and increased the expression of p53 in proliferating neural cells, corroborated by decreased p21 levels, indicating the importance of cell type and stage specificity of p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sarkar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7389, USA
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Prasad LN, Sharma RP. A Study On 453 Cases Of Epistaxis. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2003. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Reddy MR, Pavani P, Sunder GS, Sharma RP. Dietary Calcium and Non-phytin Phosphorus Interaction on Growth, Bone Mineralization and Mineral Retention in Broiler Starter Chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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