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Malone M, Bjarnsholt T, McBain A, James G, Stoodley P, Leaper D, Tachi M, Schultz G, Swanson T, Wolcott R. The prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. J Wound Care 2017; 26:20-25. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Malone
- Head of Department, Podiatric Medicine, Global Wound Biofilm Expert Panel; Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Australia; and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - T. Bjarnsholt
- University of Copenhagen, Costerton Biofilm Center, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - A.J. McBain
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
| | - G.A. James
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, US
| | - P. Stoodley
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Microbial infection, Immunity and Orthopaedics, Ohio State University, US
| | - D. Leaper
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, UK; and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M. Tachi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - G. Schultz
- Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida
| | - T. Swanson
- South West Healthcare, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - R.D. Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Centre, Lubbock Texas, US
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - N. Sanford
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - R. Gabrilska
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - J.L. Oates
- Research and Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - K.P. Rumbaugh
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Bianchi T, Wolcott R, Peghetti A, Leaper D, Cutting K, Polignano R, Rosa Rita Z, Moscatelli A, Greco A, Romanelli M, Pancani S, Bellingeri A, Ruggeri V, Postacchini L, Tedesco S, Manfredi L, Camerlingo M, Rowan S, Gabrielli A, Pomponio G. Recommendations for the management of biofilm: a consensus document. J Wound Care 2016; 25:305-17. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.6.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bianchi
- UO Dermatologia AUSL Bologna – Istituto delle scienze neurologiche Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - R.D. Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - A. Peghetti
- Casa Di Cura Solatrix Rovereto, AISLeC Membership, Italy
| | - D. Leaper
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - K. Cutting
- Wound Care 4 Heroes and Perfectus Biomed, UK
| | - R. Polignano
- IOT Hospital Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Florence, Italy
| | - Z. Rosa Rita
- Ambulatorio Infermieristico ASS 1 Trieste, AISLeC Membership, Italy
| | - A. Moscatelli
- Lesioni Cutanee e Ambulatori Infermieristici Lesioni Cutanee SITRA, A.O. Legnano e Abbiategrasso, AISLeC Membership, Italy
| | - A. Greco
- Outpatient Wound Care Centre, Local Health Care System Frosinone, Italy
| | - M. Romanelli
- Division of Dermatology, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa Italy
| | - S. Pancani
- Burns Unit, Department of Neonatal and Emergency Surgery, “Meyer” Children's Hospital, Florence (Italy)
| | - A. Bellingeri
- Ambulatory vascular and wound care centre, Policlinic San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - V. Ruggeri
- Wound Care Centre - AOU Careggi, Firenze, AISLeC Membership, Italy
| | - L. Postacchini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Istituto di Clinica Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | - S. Tedesco
- UO Dermatologia AUSL Bologna – Istituto delle scienze neurologiche Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Manfredi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Istituto di Clinica Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | | | - S. Rowan
- University of Modena, C3S – Lecturer - Clinical Scientific Support Services, Italy
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Istituto di Clinica Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Pomponio
- Istituto di Clinica Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most unyielding molecular component of biofilm communities is the matrix structure that it can create around the individual microbes that constitute the biofilm. The type of polymeric substances (polymeric sugars, bacterial proteins, bacterial DNA and even co-opted host substances) are dependent on the microbial species present within the biofilm. The extracellular polymeric substances that make up the matrix give the wound biofilm incredible colony defences against host immunity, host healing and wound care treatments. This polymeric slime layer, which is secreted by bacteria, encases the population of microbes, creating a physical barrier that limits the ingress of treatment agents to the bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine if degrading the wound biofilm matrix would improve wound healing outcomes and if so, if there was a synergy between treating agents that disrupted biofilm defenses with Next Science Wound Gel (wound gel) and cidal agents (topical antibiotics). METHOD A three-armed randomised controlled trial was designed to determine if standard of care (SOC) was superior to SOC plus wound gel (SOC + gel) and wound gel alone. The wound gel used in this study contains components that directly attack the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. The gel was applied directly to the wound bed on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday interval, either alone or with SOC topical antibiotics. RESULTS Using a surrogate endpoint of 50% reduction in wound volume, the results showed that SOC healed at 53%, wound gel healed at 80%, while SOC plus wound gel showed 93% of wounds being successfully treated. CONCLUSION By directly targeting the wound biofilm matrix, wound healing outcomes are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wolcott
- Medical Director of Southwest Regional Wound Care Center; Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wolcott
- Medical Director of Southwest Regional Wound Care Center; Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- R.D. Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Centre, Texas, USA
| | - S. Cox
- Research and Testing Laboratory, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Raoultella planticola has been rarely diagnosed in clinical specimens. A case of a polymicrobial surgical site infection primarily caused by R. planticola in a 66-year-old Caucasian male with a fractured left tibia after an open reduction internal fixation of his left ankle is described and confirms this organism to be an opportunistic human pathogen. This pathogen was diagnosed with rapid clinical molecular pathogen diagnostic methods, which allowed an appropriate therapy to be implemented, thereby improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R.D. Wolcott
- Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, US
| | - S.B. Cox
- Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, US
| | - S.E. Dowd
- Research and Testing Laboratory and Pathogenius Diagnostics, both at Lubbock, Texas, US
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Dowd SE, Sun Y, Smith E, Kennedy JP, Jones CE, Wolcott R. Effects of biofilm treatments on the multi-species Lubbock chronic wound biofilm model. J Wound Care 2010; 18:508, 510-12. [PMID: 20081576 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2009.18.12.45608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of several biofilm effectors in inhibiting biofilm formation in an in vitro multi-species chronic wound biofilm model. METHOD The Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB) model has been described in detail elsewhere. Pathogens used in the model are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. These are three of the most important species associated with biofilms. Here, the model was exposed to the following biofilm effectors: xylitol, salicylic acid, farnesol, erythritol and two proprietary, semi-solid, wound-dressing formulations currently under development (Sanguitec gels). RESULTS Biofilm formation was completely inhibited in the LCWB model following treatment with 20% xylitol, 10% erythritol, 1,000 microg/ml farnesol, 20mM salicylic acid or 0.1% of either of the two Sanguitec gel formulations. Salicylic acid specifically inhibited S. aureus (p<0.01) at 10mM and 20mM, consequently increasing the ratios of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis within the biofilm. Xylitol had an increasing inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa (p<0.01) at all concentrations evaluated. Erythritol had an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus growth (p<0.01) at over 5% concentrations. The inhibitory effect of both Sanguitec gel formulations was more broadly effective, with an increasingly inhibitory effect on all LCWB species (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The LCWB model provides a multi-species format with which to evaluate the effect of biofilm effectors on wound flora in a biofilm phenotype. These results suggest that different treatments can target specific populations within a biofilm. Salicylic acid preferentially targeted S. aureus, xylitol preferentially targeted P. aeruginosa, while erythritol preferentially targeted both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. In contrast, the two Sanguitec gel formulations provided a broad, less preferential, inhibition of biofilm development. DECLARATION OF INTEREST Research and Testing Laboratory is a for-profit enterprise that develops molecular methods and performs service research work on biofilms. Sanguitec gel was developed by JPK and CEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dowd
- US Department of Agriculture ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most chronic wound biofilms have been shown to have significant populations of anaerobes. In order to better screen antimicrobial and antibiofilm therapeutics, we evaluated the ability of key anaerobes to incorporate and propagate within our aerobic chronic wound biofilm. METHOD We had previously developed a rapid model to simulate polymicrobial chronic wound biofilms. This model incorporated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The model was used along with a variety of anaerobes to determine whether this biofilm model would support propagation of anaerobes similar to that we have identified in chronic wounds. RESULTS Using our previously defined Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB) model combined with quantitative PCR, anaerobic bacteria were shown to proliferate through integration into the biofilm under aerobic conditions. Using electron microscopy we show close association between aerobes and anaerobes within the biofilm suggesting a synergistic relationship. CONCLUSION We have expanded the utility of the LCBW to show the ability of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria to thrive in aerobic conditions. The expansion of this model can further simulate the functional characteristics of chronic wound pathogenic biofilms and the species that dwell within them allowing improved ability to evaluate therapeutics that target anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Research and Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Wolcott R. Should evidence dictate clinical practice or support it? J Wound Care 2008; 17:366-367. [PMID: 18754200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the behavioral management of conversion disorder in children and to preliminarily assess its effectiveness. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Inpatient pediatric rehabilitation unit. PATIENTS The first eight patients with conversion disorder treated on our pediatric rehabilitation unit, between 9 and 18 years of age. Six were girls. Three cases are described in detail. INTERVENTIONS All patients were treated as inpatients, using a behavioral approach. Inadvertent reinforcement of illness behavior was identified, and a reward system was established for good attainment. Some patients had a "level" system instituted, with increasing privileges for goal achievement. All patients and their families had psychological assessment and instruction in pain and stress management strategies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Restoration of normal gait and function, independence in activities of daily living (ADL), and symptom recurrence after discharge. RESULTS All patients attained normal gait and ADL function before discharge. CONCLUSIONS (1) Behavioral management of conversion disorder in children appears to be as effective as in adults, although at times a behavioral reward or "level" system may be necessary for adequate reinforcement. (2) Instruction of the patient and family in appropriate stress and pain management appears key to maintaining treatment effect over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gooch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Cheek FE, Wolcott R. Hospitalized disturbed children. Demographic, family background and behavioral characteristics. Psychiatr Q 1968; 42:Suppl:349-70. [PMID: 5748006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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