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Schumacher J, Peter RS, Nagel G, Rothenbacher D, Rosenbohm A, Ludolph AC, Dorst J. Statins, diabetes mellitus and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: data from 501 patients of a population-based registry in southwest Germany. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1405-1414. [PMID: 32396653 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A wide variety of metabolic changes, including an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidaemia, has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of statin use and history of DM with onset of disease and survival in patients with ALS. METHODS In all, 501 patients (mean age 65.2 ± 10.9 years; 58.5% male) from the ALS Registry Swabia recruited between October 2010 and April 2016 were included in this prospective cohort study. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Statin use (n = 65) was not associated with overall survival (P = 0.62). Age of ALS onset in patients with DM was 4.2 years later (95% confidence interval 1.3-7.2 years) than in patients without DM (P < 0.01). The overall survival of patients with high body mass index at study entry (>27.0 kg/m2 , upper quartile, n = 127) was prolonged by more than 5 months compared to patients with low body mass index (<22.0 kg/m2 , lower quartile, n = 123; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the view that statin use is not associated with overall survival of ALS patients, suggesting that statins are not harmful and should not be discontinued in ALS. Furthermore, the delayed onset of ALS in patients with DM may mirror the potentially protective metabolic profile associated with type 2 DM. Consistently, this study provides further evidence that high body mass index is a positive prognostic factor in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schumacher
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - R S Peter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - G Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Rosenbohm
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Dorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Nagel G, Peter RS, Föger B, Concin H. Body mass index and mortality in relation to age and follow-up of 30 years in large Austrian cohorts. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity and its health consequences will dominate health care systems in many countries during the next decades. Prevention programs have been implemented. However, the optimum body mass index (BMI) in relation to all-cause mortality on population level is still a matter of debate.
Material and Method
Data 1/1989-6/2005 of the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring & Prevention Program (VHM&PP,) and 8/2005-12/2015 for Vorarlberg provided by the Main Association of Austrian Social Security Institutions were analyzed. In both cohorts, information was available on age, sex, measured height and weight as well as the date and cause of death. Generalized additive models were used to model the mortality rate as function of calendar time, age and follow-up.
Results
The VHM&PP cohort consisted of 85,488 men and 99,873 women and the later of 129,817 men and 152,399 women. In the second cohort, men (mean age 48 (SD16.9) vs. 45.3 (SD 15.5) and women (48.3 (SD 17.7) vs. 45.6 (SD 16.6) years) were slightly older than in the VHM&PP cohort. The average BMI was slightly higher in men (26.1 (SD4.0) vs. 25.7 (SD3.8) kg/m2) but not in women (24.6 (SD 4.8) vs. 24.7 (SD 4.9) kg/m2), respectively. In the VHM&PP cohort more ever smokers were found in both men (40.3 vs. 22.4%) and women (24.8 vs. 18.4%) than in the subsequent cohort.
BMI optimum increased slightly between 1985 and 2015, from 24.9 (95%-CI: 24.0-25.9) to 26.4 (25.3-27.3) in men and from 22.4 (21.8-23.1) to 23.3 (22.5-24.5) kg/m2 in women. However, age and follow-up had major impact on the increase. In younger age the associations are quite stable, while in men over 50 years and in women over 60 years the BMI optimum decreased with length of follow-up.
Conclusions
Overall the BMI optimum increased slightly over time. However, age and follow-up had major impact on the association. These results suggest, that prognosis of obesity related diseases has improved over time. To detangle this further research is necessary.
Key messages
In Austria the BMI optimum increased slightly over time. Age and follow-up time had major impact on the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagel
- Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | | | - B Föger
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - H Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
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Woitowich NC, Halavaty AS, Waltz P, Kupitz C, Valera J, Tracy G, Gallagher KD, Claesson E, Nakane T, Pandey S, Nelson G, Tanaka R, Nango E, Mizohata E, Owada S, Tono K, Joti Y, Nugent AC, Patel H, Mapara A, Hopkins J, Duong P, Bizhga D, Kovaleva SE, St. Peter R, Hernandez CN, Ozarowski WB, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Yang JH, Edlund P, Takala H, Ihalainen J, Brayshaw J, Norwood T, Poudyal I, Fromme P, Spence JCH, Moffat K, Westenhoff S, Schmidt M, Stojković EA. Structural basis for light control of cell development revealed by crystal structures of a myxobacterial phytochrome. IUCrJ 2018; 5:619-634. [PMID: 30224965 PMCID: PMC6126659 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors that were first characterized in plants, with homologs in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria known as bacteriophytochromes (BphPs). Upon absorption of light, BphPs interconvert between two states denoted Pr and Pfr with distinct absorption spectra in the red and far-red. They have recently been engineered as enzymatic photoswitches for fluorescent-marker applications in non-invasive tissue imaging of mammals. This article presents cryo- and room-temperature crystal structures of the unusual phytochrome from the non-photosynthetic myxo-bacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca (SaBphP1) and reveals its role in the fruiting-body formation of this photomorphogenic bacterium. SaBphP1 lacks a conserved histidine (His) in the chromophore-binding domain that stabilizes the Pr state in the classical BphPs. Instead it contains a threonine (Thr), a feature that is restricted to several myxobacterial phytochromes and is not evolutionarily understood. SaBphP1 structures of the chromophore binding domain (CBD) and the complete photosensory core module (PCM) in wild-type and Thr-to-His mutant forms reveal details of the molecular mechanism of the Pr/Pfr transition associated with the physiological response of this myxobacterium to red light. Specifically, key structural differences in the CBD and PCM between the wild-type and the Thr-to-His mutant involve essential chromophore contacts with proximal amino acids, and point to how the photosignal is transduced through the rest of the protein, impacting the essential enzymatic activity in the photomorphogenic response of this myxobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei S. Halavaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Waltz
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Joseph Valera
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Tracy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin D. Gallagher
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elin Claesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takanori Nakane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Suraj Pandey
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Garrett Nelson
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, 85287 Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rie Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5148 Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eriko Nango
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5148 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Mizohata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5148 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kensure Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5148 Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Joti
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5148 Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Angela C. Nugent
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hardik Patel
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayesha Mapara
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Hopkins
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phu Duong
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dorina Bizhga
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rachael St. Peter
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jay-How Yang
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, 85287 Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Petra Edlund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heikki Takala
- Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Janne Ihalainen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Tyler Norwood
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ishwor Poudyal
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, 85287 Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John C. H. Spence
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, 85287 Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Keith Moffat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emina A. Stojković
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nagel G, Peter RS, Klotz E, Brozek W, Concin H. Bone mineral density and breast cancer risk: Results from the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring & Prevention Program and meta-analysis. Bone Rep 2017; 7:83-89. [PMID: 29018837 PMCID: PMC5626919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort and quantified the evidence in a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Baseline BMD has been measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, N = 1418). Data on medication and lifestyle has been collected by questionnaire. Cox proportional Hazards models were applied to calculate Hazard Ratios for breast cancer. In addition, a meta-analysis on categorical and dose-response values including the current results has been performed applying random-effects models. During mean follow-up of 16.3 (SD 3.3) years of 1380 women (mean age 55.5 ± 6.3 years), 52 cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. We found no statistically significant association of BMD with breast cancer risk (per one z-score increase, HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.67–1.23). In the meta-analysis, however, breast cancer risk increased by 15% and 16% per 0.1 g/m2 increase in BMD at the lumbar spine (95% CI 0.99–1.33) and at the femoral neck (95% CI 1.02–1.32), respectively. Compared to the lowest, the HRs for breast cancer were statistically significant for the highest BMD category, i.e. 1.49 (95% CI 1.04–2.13) at the lumbar spine and 1.66 (95% CI 1.26–2.18) at the femur. We found no association between BMD (DXA) and breast cancer risk in our cohort. However, overall the present meta-analysis extends and confirms the statistically significant association between increasing BMD and increased breast cancer risk. In the VHM&PP BMD (DXA) was not associated with breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis showed a positive association between BMD and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Per 0.1 g/m2 increase in BMD breast cancer risk increased by 15% at the lumbar spine and 16% at the femoral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstrasse 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
| | - R S Peter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E Klotz
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - W Brozek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of the Vienna Health Insurance Fund (WGKK) and Trauma Center Meidling of the Austrian Workers' Compensation Board (AUVA), 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstrasse 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
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5
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Peter RS, Keller F, Föger B, Nagel G. Discrimination of metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals using the triglyceride glucose index – distributional considerations. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RS Peter
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
| | - F Keller
- Klinik für Kinder – und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - B Föger
- Arbeitskreis für Vorsorge- und Sozialmedizin, Bregenz
| | - G Nagel
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
- Arbeitskreis für Vorsorge- und Sozialmedizin, Bregenz
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6
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Peter RS, Mayer B, Klenk J, Nagel G. Estimating Optimum Body Mass Index: A Simulation Study Comparing Fractional Polynomials and Generalized Additive Model. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RS Peter
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
| | - B Mayer
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
| | - J Klenk
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
- Geriatrie und Geriatrische Rehabilitation, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart
| | - G Nagel
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm
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7
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Klenk J, Peter RS, Braisch U, Dallmeier D, Denkinger M, Rothenbacher D. Einfluss der Temperatur bei der Analyse von Änderungen der objektiv gemessenen körperlichen Aktivität über die Zeit in der ActiFE-Ulm Studie. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Klenk
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Ulm
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Stuttgart, Abteilung für Geriatrie und Klinik für geriatrische Rehabilitation, Stuttgart
| | - RS Peter
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Ulm
| | - U Braisch
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Ulm
- Agaplesion Bethesda Klinik, Ulm
| | | | | | - D Rothenbacher
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Ulm
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8
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Nagel G, Peter RS, Rosenbohm A, Kassubek J, Rothenbacher D, Ludolph AC. Body Mass Index in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Results from the ALS Registry Swabia. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Nagel
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und medizinische Biometr, Ulm
| | - RS Peter
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und medizinische Biometr, Ulm
| | | | - J Kassubek
- Universität Ulm, Neurologische Klinik, Ulm
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Epidemiologie und medizinische Biometr, Ulm
| | - AC Ludolph
- Universität Ulm, Neurologische Klinik, Ulm
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Björling A, Berntsson O, Takala H, Gallagher KD, Patel H, Gustavsson E, St Peter R, Duong P, Nugent A, Zhang F, Berntsen P, Appio R, Rajkovic I, Lehtivuori H, Panman MR, Hoernke M, Niebling S, Harimoorthy R, Lamparter T, Stojković EA, Ihalainen JA, Westenhoff S. Ubiquitous Structural Signaling in Bacterial Phytochromes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3379-83. [PMID: 26275765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome family of light-switchable proteins has long been studied by biochemical, spectroscopic and crystallographic means, while a direct probe for global conformational signal propagation has been lacking. Using solution X-ray scattering, we find that the photosensory cores of several bacterial phytochromes undergo similar large-scale structural changes upon red-light excitation. The data establish that phytochromes with ordinary and inverted photocycles share a structural signaling mechanism and that a particular conserved histidine, previously proposed to be involved in signal propagation, in fact tunes photoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Björling
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Berntsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heikki Takala
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kevin D Gallagher
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Hardik Patel
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Emil Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rachael St Peter
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Phu Duong
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Angela Nugent
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT , Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Berntsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Roberto Appio
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Ivan Rajkovic
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Heli Lehtivuori
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Matthijs R Panman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Niebling
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rajiv Harimoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tilman Lamparter
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT , Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Emina A Stojković
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University , 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Janne A Ihalainen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mathes T, Ravensbergen J, Kloz M, Gleichmann T, Gallagher KD, Woitowich NC, St Peter R, Kovaleva SE, Stojković EA, Kennis JTM. Femto- to Microsecond Photodynamics of an Unusual Bacteriophytochrome. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:239-43. [PMID: 26263456 DOI: 10.1021/jz502408n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriophytochrome from Stigmatella aurantiaca is an unusual member of the bacteriophytochrome family that is devoid of hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl group of ring D of the biliverdin (BV) chromophore. The photodynamics of BV in SaBphP1 wild type and the single mutant T289H reintroducing hydrogen bonding to ring D show that the strength of this particular weak interaction determines excited-state lifetime, Lumi-R quantum yield, and spectral heterogeneity. In particular, excited-state decay is faster in the absence of hydrogen-bonding to ring D, with excited-state half-lives of 30 and 80 ps for wild type and the T289H mutant, respectively. Concomitantly, the Lumi-R quantum yield is two times higher in wild type as compared with the T289H mutant. Furthermore, the spectral heterogeneity in the wild type is significantly higher than that in the T289H mutant. By extending the observable time domain to 25 μs, we observe a new deactivation pathway from the Lumi-R intermediate in the 100 ns time domain that corresponds to a backflip of ring D to the original Pr 15Za isomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Mathes
- †Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Ravensbergen
- †Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- †Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Gleichmann
- †Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin D Gallagher
- ‡Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Nicole C Woitowich
- ‡Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Rachael St Peter
- ‡Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Svetlana E Kovaleva
- ‡Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Emina A Stojković
- ‡Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - John T M Kennis
- †Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peter RS, Mayer B, Concin H, Nagel G. The effect of age on the shape of the BMI-mortality relation and BMI associated with minimum all-cause mortality in a large Austrian cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:530-4. [PMID: 25214148 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear if the body mass index (BMI) associated with minimum all-cause mortality is constant throughout adult life or increasing with age. METHODS We applied multivariable fractional polynomials to the data of the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Prevention Program to quantify the BMI associated with minimum mortality over age. The analysis included data of 129,904 never-smoking women and men (mean age: 45.4 years) who were followed for a median of 18.6 years. RESULTS Optimum BMI in women increased with age, lying within the normal BMI category (according to the World Health Organization definition) from the age of 20 years (23.3 kg m(-2), 95% confidence interval (CI): 22.2-24.3) to the age of 54 years and in the lower half of the overweight category from the age of 55 years onwards, reaching 26.2 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 25.1-27.3) at the age of 69 years. In men, optimum BMI increased slightly from 23.7 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 22.1-25.2) at the age of 20 years until the age of 59 years, reaching a BMI of 25.4 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 24.8-26.0) and decreased afterwards to 22.7 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 20.9-24.6) at the age of 80 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that BMI associated with minimum all-cause mortality changes with age and that patterns differ by sex. Sex- and age-independent BMI recommendations might therefore be inappropriate. Further studies using flexible methods instead of predefined categories are necessary to revise BMI recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Peter
- 1] Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria [2] Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - G Nagel
- 1] Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria [2] Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Teshima T, Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Peter RS, Schultheiss TE. Rectal bleeding after conformal 3D treatment of prostate cancer: time to occurrence, response to treatment and duration of morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39:77-83. [PMID: 9300742 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rectal bleeding is the most common late sequelae of high-dose 3D conformal treatment (3DCRT) for prostate cancer and may limit attempts to improve local control by dose escalation. The clinical course of this complication is reported including time to onset, response to treatment, duration of morbidity, and multivariate analysis for predictors. METHODS AND MATERIALS From March 1989 to June 1995, 670 patients with prostate cancer were treated with 3DCRT at Fox Chase Cancer Center. Eighty-nine patients developed Grade 2 or Grade 3 complications due to rectal bleeding and are analyzed. Multivariate analysis results for predictors of Grade 2 and 3 rectal bleeding are reported as well as time to development, response to initial and retreatment, and duration of morbidity. RESULTS The median time to occurrence is not significantly different (p = 0.09) for Grade 2 (13 months, range 4-41 months) compared to Grade 3 rectal bleeding (18 months, range 4-40 months), while the corresponding median duration of symptoms was significantly different (p < 0.0001) being 1 month (range 1-12) vs. 10 months (1-34) for Grade 2 and Grade 3 bleeding, respectively. For Grade 2 bleeding, medication or coagulation was highly effective as initial or retreatment resolving 66 of 73 patients. For Grade 3 bleeding, three patients responded without medication following blood transfusion only, while with multiple coagulations and medication 12 of 16 patients improved to < or = Grade 1. Multivariate analysis demonstrates that dose is the only significant factor associated with Grade 2 (p = 0.01) or Grade 3 (p = 0.01) rectal bleeding. Of seven nonresponders to treatment for Grade 2 bleeding, three have died of intercurrent disease at 10, 19, and 26 months, while four are alive with continuing Grade 2 bleeding at 12, 14, 15, and 30 months after onset. The four nonresponders to treatment for Grade 3 bleeding continue to bleed 1, 9, 32, and 35 months after the third coagulation despite continuing care. CONCLUSIONS Chronic rectal bleeding is a sequelae of high-dose conformal treatment of prostate cancer. Grade 2 morbidity responds to medication or limited coagulation (< or = 2) in 90% of patients. Grade 3 morbidity responds to medication and multiple coagulations (> or = 3) in 75% of patients. The chronicity of Grade 3 morbidity is illustrated by a 10-month median duration for response to treatment, with a range of response extending to 34 months. Nonresponders to treatment have continued to bleed up to 35 months after the third coagulation. Appropriate shielding of the rectal mucosa limiting dose to < 72 Gy is required to avoid a high incidence of these complications, as dose is the only significant variable associated with rectal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teshima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, Hunt MA, Movsas B, Peter RS, Hanks GE. Chronic rectal bleeding after high-dose conformal treatment of prostate cancer warrants modification of existing morbidity scales. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 38:59-63. [PMID: 9212005 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serious late morbidity (Grade 3/4) from the conformal treatment of prostate cancer has been reported in <1% to 6% of patients based on existing late gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity scales. None of the existing morbidity scales include our most frequently observed late GI complication, which is chronic rectal bleeding requiring multiple fulgerations. This communication documents the frequency of rectal bleeding requiring multiple fulgerations and illustrates the variation in reported late serious GI complication rates by the selection of morbidity scale. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between May 1989 and December 1993, 352 patients with T1-T3 nonmetastatic prostate cancers were treated with our four-field conformal technique without special rectal blocking. This technique includes a 1-cm margin from the clinical target volume (CTV) to the planning target volume (PTV) in all directions. The median follow-up for these patients was 36 months (range 2-76), and the median center of prostate dose was 74 Gy (range 63-81). Three morbidity scales are assessed: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), the Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force (LENT), and our modification of the LENT (FC-LENT). This modification registers chronic rectal bleeding requiring at least one blood transfusion and/or more than two coagulations as a Grade 3 event. Estimates for Grade 3/4 late GI complication rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier methodology. The duration of severe symptoms with chronic rectal bleeding is measured from the first to the last transrectal coagulation. Latency is measured from the end of radiotherapy to surgery, first blood transfusion, or third coagulation procedure. RESULTS Sixteen patients developed Grade 3/4 complications by one of the three morbidity scales. Two patients required surgery (colostomy or sigmoid resection), three required multiple blood transfusions, two required one or two blood transfusions, and nine required at least three coagulations. The median duration of bleeding for those patients requiring multiple procedures was 7 months (range 3-33) and the median latency was 22 months (range 9-40). The 5-year actuarial rate of Grade 3/4 complications by each scale are: RTOG 0.7%, LENT 2%, and FC-LENT 6%. The rate of chronic rectal bleeding increases with increasing dose and is low in patients treated with conventional techniques owing to lower doses. CONCLUSION Chronic rectal bleeding requiring any blood transfusion(s) or multiple coagulation procedures is our most frequently observed complication. This complication appears late in follow-up and is present for a long duration. We believe this justifies the inclusion of chronic rectal bleeding requiring multiple coagulation procedures as a Grade 3 event in future morbidity scales. Our data illustrate that published Grade 3/4 morbidity rates are highly dependent on the morbidity scale selected, as our data show 0.7% RTOG, 2% LENT, and 6% FC-LENT. Obviously, a uniform scale is required that includes the newly recognized serious late effects associated with the conformal treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hanlon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the factors that predict late GI and GU morbidity in radiation treatment of the prostate. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seven hundred twelve consecutive prostate cancer patients treated at this institution between 1986 and 1994 (inclusive) with conformal or conventional techniques were included in the analysis. Patients had at least 3 months follow-up and received at least 65 Gy. Late GI Grade 3 morbidity was rectal bleeding (requiring three or more procedures) or proctitis. Late Grade 3 GU morbidity was cystitis or stricture. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to assess factors related to the complication-free survival. The factors assessed were age, occurrence of side effects > or = Grade 2 during treatment, irradiated volume parameters (use of pelvic fields, treatment of seminal vesicles to full dose or 57 Gy, and use of additional rectal shielding), dose, comorbidities, and other treatments (hormonal manipulation, TURP). RESULTS Acute GI and GU side effects (Grade 2 or higher) were noted in 246 and 201 patients, respectively; 67 of these patients exhibited both. GI side effects were not correlated with GU side effects acutely. Late and acute morbidities were correlated (both GI and GU). Fifteen of the 712 patients expressed Grade 3 or 4 GI injuries 3 to 32 months after the end of treatment, with a mean of 14.3 months. One hundred fifteen patients expressed Grade 2 or higher GI morbidity (mean: 13.7 months). The 43 Grade 2 or higher GU morbidities occurred significantly later (mean: 22.7 months). Central axis dose was the only independent variable significantly related to the incidence of late GI morbidity on MVA. No treatment volume parameters were significant for Grade 3. The following parameters were significantly related (by MVA) to Grade 2 GI morbidity: central axis dose, use of the increased rectal shielding, androgen deprivation therapy starting before RT. Acute and late GI morbidities were highly correlated. History of diabetes, treatment of pelvic nodes, and age less than 60 years were significantly related to acute GI side effects. The parameters significantly related to late Grade 2 or higher GU morbidity were central axis dose, androgen deprivation therapy (Zoladex or Lupron) prior to radiation therapy (RT), history of obstructive symptoms, and acute GU side effects. There were too few late Grade 3 GU morbidities to perform multivariate analysis. Acute GU side effects were highly correlated with late GU injury. The following were correlated with acute GU side effects: history of diabetes (+), treatment with conformal fields (-), TURP before RT (-), presentation with urinary obstructive symptoms. CONCLUSION Both late GI and GU morbidity demonstrate a dose dependence, but only the volume dependence observed is a reduction in late Grade 2-4 GI morbidity by increasing the rectal shielding in the lateral fields for the final 10 Gy. Moreover, both late GI and GU morbidity was increased in patients treated with hormone manipulation prior to RT. GI and GU injuries were correlated with their corresponding acute side effects. GI and GU complications must not be combined for analysis to determine the factors related to their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Schultheiss
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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