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Hu X, Xu Y, Yi J, Wang C, Zhu Z, Yue T, Zhang H, Wang X, Wu F, Xue L, Bai L, Liu H, Chen Q. Using Protein Design and Directed Evolution to Monomerize a Bright Near-Infrared Fluorescent Protein. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1177-1190. [PMID: 38552148 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The small ultrared fluorescent protein (smURFP) is a bright near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent protein (FP) that forms a dimer and binds its fluorescence chromophore, biliverdin, at its dimer interface. To engineer a monomeric NIR FP based on smURFP potentially more suitable for bioimaging, we employed protein design to extend the protein backbone with a new segment of two helices that shield the original dimer interface while covering the biliverdin binding pocket in place of the second chain in the original dimer. We experimentally characterized 13 designs and obtained a monomeric protein with a weak fluorescence. We enhanced the fluorescence of this designed protein through two rounds of directed evolution and obtained designed monomeric smURFP (DMsmURFP), a bright, stable, and monomeric NIR FP with a molecular weight of 19.6 kDa. We determined the crystal structures of DMsmURFP both in the apo state and in complex with biliverdin, which confirmed the designed structure. The use of DMsmURFP in in vivo imaging of mammalian systems was demonstrated. The backbone design-based strategy used here can also be applied to monomerize other naturally multimeric proteins with intersubunit functional sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Junxi Yi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ting Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lin Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Li Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Wang T, Li S, Hu X, Geng Y, Chen L, Liu W, Zhao J, Tian W, Wang C, Li Y, Li L. Heme oxygenase-1 is an equid alphaherpesvirus 8 replication restriction host protein and suppresses viral replication via the PKCβ/ERK1/ERK2 and NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0322023. [PMID: 38441979 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03220-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Equid alphaherpesvirus 8 (EqHV-8) is one of the most economically important viruses that is known to cause severe respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological syndromes in equines. However, no effective vaccines or therapeutic agents are available to control EqHV-8 infection. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant defense enzyme that displays significant cytoprotective effects against different viral infections. However, the literature on the function of HO-1 during EqHV-8 infection is little. We explored the effects of HO-1 on EqHV-8 infection and revealed its potential mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that HO-1 induced by cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP) or HO-1 overexpression inhibited EqHV-8 replication in susceptible cells. In contrast, HO-1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyria) or siRNA targeting HO-1 reversed the anti-EqHV-8 activity. Furthermore, biliverdin, a metabolic product of HO-1, mediated the anti-EqHV-8 effect of HO-1 via both the protein kinase C (PKC)β/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/ERK2 and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathways. In addition, CoPP protected the mice by reducing the EqHV-8 infection in the lungs. Altogether, these results indicated that HO-1 can be developed as a promising therapeutic strategy to control EqHV-8 infection.IMPORTANCEEqHV-8 infections have threatened continuously donkey and horse industry worldwide, which induces huge economic losses every year. However, no effective vaccination strategies or drug against EqHV-8 infection until now. Our present study found that one host protien HO-1 restrict EqHV-8 replication in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HO-1 and its metabolite biliverdin suppress EqHV-8 relication via the PKCβ/ERK1/ERK2 and NO/cGMP/PKG pathways. Hence, we believe that HO-1 can be developed as a promising therapeutic strategy to control EqHV-8 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Geng
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Huber C, Strack M, Schultheiß I, Pielage J, Mechler X, Hornbogen J, Diller R, Frankenberg-Dinkel N. Darkness inhibits autokinase activity of bacterial bathy phytochromes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107148. [PMID: 38462162 PMCID: PMC11021371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bathy phytochromes are a subclass of bacterial biliprotein photoreceptors that carry a biliverdin IXα chromophore. In contrast to prototypical phytochromes that adopt a red-light-absorbing Pr ground state, the far-red light-absorbing Pfr-form is the thermally stable ground state of bathy phytochromes. Although the photobiology of bacterial phytochromes has been extensively studied since their discovery in the late 1990s, our understanding of the signal transduction process to the connected transmitter domains, which are often histidine kinases, remains insufficient. Initiated by the analysis of the bathy phytochrome PaBphP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we performed a systematic analysis of five different bathy phytochromes with the aim to derive a general statement on the correlation of photostate and autokinase output. While all proteins adopt different Pr/Pfr-fractions in response to red, blue, and far-red light, only darkness leads to a pure or highly enriched Pfr-form, directly correlated with the lowest level of autokinase activity. Using this information, we developed a method to quantitatively correlate the autokinase activity of phytochrome samples with well-defined stationary Pr/Pfr-fractions. We demonstrate that the off-state of the phytochromes is the Pfr-form and that different Pr/Pfr-fractions enable the organisms to fine-tune their kinase output in response to a certain light environment. Furthermore, the output response is regulated by the rate of dark reversion, which differs significantly from 5 s to 50 min half-life. Overall, our study indicates that bathy phytochromes function as sensors of light and darkness, rather than red and far-red light, as originally postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Huber
- Department of Microbiology, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Merle Strack
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Schultheiß
- Department of Microbiology, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Pielage
- Department of Microbiology, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Xenia Mechler
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Justin Hornbogen
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel
- Department of Microbiology, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Shahzad S, Krug SA, Mouriño S, Huang W, Kane MA, Wilks A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ and IXδ are integral to lifestyle adaptations associated with chronic infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0276323. [PMID: 38319089 PMCID: PMC10936436 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02763-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen requiring iron for its survival and virulence within the host. The ability to switch to heme as an iron source and away from siderophore uptake provides an advantage in chronic infection. We have recently shown the extracellular heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ (BVIXβ) and BVIXδ positively regulate the heme-dependent cell surface signaling cascade. We further investigated the role of BVIXβ and BVIXδ in cell signaling utilizing allelic strains lacking a functional heme oxygenase (hemOin) or one reengineered to produce BVIXα (hemOα). Compared to PAO1, both strains show a heme-dependent growth defect, decreased swarming and twitching, and less robust biofilm formation. Interestingly, the motility and biofilm defects were partially rescued on addition of exogenous BVIXβ and BVIXδ. Utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we performed a comparative proteomics and metabolomics analysis of PAO1 versus the allelic strains in shaking and static conditions. In shaking conditions, the hemO allelic strains showed a significant increase in proteins involved in quorum sensing, phenazine production, and chemotaxis. Metabolite profiling further revealed increased levels of Pseudomonas quinolone signal and phenazine metabolites. In static conditions, we observed a significant repression of chemosensory pathways and type IV pili biogenesis proteins as well as several phosphodiesterases associated with biofilm dispersal. We propose BVIX metabolites function as signaling and chemotactic molecules integrating heme utilization as an iron source into the adaptation of P. aeruginosa from a planktonic to sessile lifestyle. IMPORTANCE The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes long-term chronic infection in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. The ability to scavenge iron and to establish chronic infection within this environment coincides with a switch to utilize heme as the primary iron source. Herein, we show the heme metabolites biliverdin beta and delta are themselves important signaling molecules integrating the switch in iron acquisition systems with cooperative behaviors such as motility and biofilm formation that are essential for long-term chronic infection. These significant findings will enhance the development of viable multi-targeted therapeutics effective against both heme utilization and cooperative behaviors essential for survival and persistence within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahzad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel A. Krug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Mouriño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Do TN, Menendez D, Bizhga D, Stojković EA, Kennis JTM. Two-photon Absorption and Photoionization of a Bacterial Phytochrome. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168357. [PMID: 37944794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes constitute a family of photosensory proteins that are utilized by various organisms to regulate several physiological processes. Phytochromes bind a bilin pigment that switches its isomeric state upon absorption of red or far-red photons, resulting in protein conformational changes that are sensed by the organism. Previously, the ultrafast dynamics in bacterial phytochrome was resolved to atomic resolution by time-resolved serial femtosecond X-ray diffraction (TR-SFX), showing extensive changes in its molecular conformation at 1 picosecond delay time. However, the large excitation fluence of mJ/mm2 used in TR-SFX questions the validity of the observed dynamics. In this work, we present an excitation-dependent ultrafast transient absorption study to test the response of a related bacterial phytochrome to excitation fluence. We observe excitation power-dependent sub-picosecond dynamics, assigned to the population of high-lying excited state Sn through resonantly enhanced two-photon absorption, followed by rapid internal conversion to the low-lying S1 state. Inspection of the long-lived spectrum under high fluence shows that in addition to the primary intermediate Lumi-R, spectroscopic signatures of solvated electrons and ionized chromophore radicals are observed. Supported by numerical modelling, we propose that under excitation fluences of tens of μJ/mm2 and higher, bacterial phytochrome partly undergoes photoionization from the Sn state in competition with internal conversion to the S1 state in 300 fs. We suggest that the extensive structural changes of related, shorter bacterial phytochrome, lacking the PHY domain, resolved from TR-SFX may have been affected by the ionized species. We propose approaches to minimize the two-photon absorption process by tuning the excitation spectrum away from the S1 absorption or using phytochromes exhibiting minimized or shifted S1 absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Menendez
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Dorina Bizhga
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Emina A Stojković
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu W, Mu R, Gegen T, Luo J, Xiao Y, Ou S, Wu Q, Zuo Y, Chen Z, Li F. Comparative analysis of hepatic transcriptomes and metabolomes of Changshun green-shell laying hens based on different green eggshell color intensities. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103220. [PMID: 37980748 PMCID: PMC10685025 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The eggshell color of avian species is an important trait that is predominantly determined by the pigments biliverdin and protoporphyrin. Various factors affect eggshell pigment deposition and coloration; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We analyzed the hepatic transcriptomes and metabolomes of Changshun green-shell hens laying dark green and light green eggs to investigate the potential role of the liver in regulating the intensity of the green eggshell color. In total, 350 differentially expressed genes and 211 differentially altered metabolites were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the enriched pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms were mainly associated with energy, immunity, and nutrient metabolism. Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that the enriched pathways were mainly associated with amino acid, vitamin, bile acid, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, gene-metabolite interaction network analysis revealed 1 subnetwork. Most genes and metabolites in this subnetwork were determined to be related to melanin metabolism and transport. In conclusion, our results suggest that hepatic melanin metabolism and transport are critical for eggshell coloration. Six candidate genes (CDKN2B, DDC, PYCR1, ABCG5, SLC3A1, and P2RX2) and 7 candidate metabolites (serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, ornithine, acetylcholine, L-tryptophan, D-ornithine, and ADP) were suggested to play important roles in this process. Meanwhile, this study suggests that changes in hepatic energy metabolism, immune status, antioxidation activity, nutrient availability, and bile acid synthesis can impair eggshell coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Tuya Gegen
- Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China; Library, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Shunnian Ou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Yongsong Zuo
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Guizhou Changshun Tiannong Green Shell Laying Hen Industrial Co. Ltd., Chang Shun 550700, China
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Schluchter WM, Babin CH, Liu X, Bieller A, Shen G, Alvey RM, Bryant DA. Loss of Biliverdin Reductase Increases Oxidative Stress in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2593. [PMID: 37894251 PMCID: PMC10608806 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis requires metal-rich cofactors and electron-transfer components that can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are highly toxic to cyanobacterial cells. Biliverdin reductase (BvdR) reduces biliverdin IXα to bilirubin, which is a potent scavenger of radicals and ROS. The enzyme is widespread in mammals but is also found in many cyanobacteria. We show that a previously described bvdR mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contained a secondary deletion mutation in the cpcB gene. The bvdR gene from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant BvdR was purified and shown to reduce biliverdin to bilirubin. The bvdR gene was successfully inactivated in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, a strain that is naturally much more tolerant of high light and ROS than Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The bvdR mutant strain, BR2, had lower total phycobiliprotein and chlorophyll levels than wild-type cells. As determined using whole-cell fluorescence at 77 K, the photosystem I levels were also lower than those in wild-type cells. The BR2 mutant had significantly higher ROS levels compared to wild-type cells after exposure to high light for 30 min. Together, these results suggest that bilirubin plays an important role as a scavenger for ROS in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The oxidation of bilirubin by ROS could convert bilirubin to biliverdin IXα, and thus BvdR might be important for regenerating bilirubin. These results further suggest that BvdR is a key component of a scavenging cycle by which cyanobacteria protect themselves from the toxic ROS byproducts generated during oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (C.H.B.); (X.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Courtney H. Babin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (C.H.B.); (X.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Xindi Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (C.H.B.); (X.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Amori Bieller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (C.H.B.); (X.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA (R.M.A.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Richard M. Alvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA (R.M.A.); (D.A.B.)
- Biology Department, Bloomington, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702, USA
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA (R.M.A.); (D.A.B.)
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Freeman SL, Oliveira ASF, Gallio AE, Rosa A, Simitakou MK, Arthur CJ, Mulholland AJ, Cherepanov P, Raven EL. Heme binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105014. [PMID: 37414149 PMCID: PMC10416065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The target for humoral immunity, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, has become the focus of vaccine research and development. Previous work demonstrated that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike binds biliverdin-a product of heme catabolism-causing a strong allosteric effect on the activity of a subset of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we show that the spike glycoprotein is also able to bind heme (KD = 0.5 ± 0.2 μM). Molecular modeling indicated that the heme group fits well within the same pocket on the SARS-CoV-2 spike NTD. Lined by aromatic and hydrophobic residues (W104, V126, I129, F192, F194, I203, and L226), the pocket provides a suitable environment to stabilize the hydrophobic heme. Mutagenesis of N121 has a substantive effect on heme binding (KD = 3000 ± 220 μM), confirming the pocket as a major heme binding location of the viral glycoprotein. Coupled oxidation experiments in the presence of ascorbate indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein can catalyze the slow conversion of heme to biliverdin. The heme trapping and oxidation activities of the spike may allow the virus to reduce levels of free heme during infection to facilitate evasion of the adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Freeman
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Sofia F Oliveira
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea E Gallio
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Annachiara Rosa
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria K Simitakou
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Arthur
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Mulholland
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Disease, St-Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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9
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Butler MW, Cullen ZE, Garti CM, Howard DE, Corpus BA, McNish BA, Hines JK. Physiologically Relevant Levels of Biliverdin Do Not Significantly Oppose Oxidative Damage in Plasma In Vitro. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:294-303. [PMID: 37418605 DOI: 10.1086/725402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAntioxidants have important physiological roles in limiting the amount of oxidative damage that an organism experiences. One putative antioxidant is biliverdin, a pigment that is most commonly associated with the blue or green colors of avian eggshells. However, despite claims that biliverdin functions as an antioxidant, neither the typical physiological concentrations of biliverdin in most species nor the ability of biliverdin to oppose oxidative damage at these concentrations has been examined. Therefore, we quantified biliverdin in the plasma of six bird species and found that they circulated levels of biliverdin between 0.02 and 0.5 μM. We then used a pool of plasma from northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and spiked it with one of seven different concentrations of biliverdin, creating plasma-based solutions ranging from 0.09 to 231 μM biliverdin. We then compared each solution's ability to oppose oxidative damage in response to hydrogen peroxide relative to a control addition of water. We found that hydrogen peroxide consistently induced moderate amounts of oxidative damage (quantified as reactive oxygen metabolites) but that no concentration of biliverdin ameliorated this damage. However, biliverdin and hydrogen peroxide interacted, as the amount of biliverdin in hydrogen peroxide-treated samples was reduced to approximately zero, unless the initial concentration was over 100 μM biliverdin. These preliminary findings based on in vitro work indicate that while biliverdin may have important links to metabolism and immune function, at physiologically relevant concentrations it does not detectably oppose hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in plasma.
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10
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Hou L, Yang X, Liu C, Guo J, Shi Y, Sun T, Feng X, Zhou J, Liu J. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Metabolites Carbon Monoxide and Biliverdin, but Not Iron, Exert Antiviral Activity against Porcine Circovirus Type 3. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0506022. [PMID: 37140466 PMCID: PMC10269822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05060-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered pathogen that causes porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like clinical signs, multisystemic inflammation, and reproductive failure. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible enzyme, exerts protective functions by converting heme into carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron. However, the effects of HO-1 and its metabolites on PCV3 replication remain unknown. In this study, experiments involving specific inhibitors, lentivirus transduction, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection revealed that active PCV3 infection reduced HO-1 expression and that the expression of HO-1 negatively regulated virus replication in cultured cells, depending on its enzymatic activity. Subsequently, the effects of the HO-1 metabolites (CO, BV, and iron) on PCV3 infection were investigated. The CO inducers (cobalt protoporphyrin IX [CoPP] or tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium [II] dimer [CORM-2]) mediate PCV3 inhibition by generating CO, and this inhibition is reversed by hemoglobin (Hb; a CO scavenger). The inhibition of PCV3 replication by BV depended on BV-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, as N-acetyl-l-cysteine affected PCV3 replication while reducing ROS production. The reduction product of BV, bilirubin (BR), specifically promoted nitric oxide (NO) generation and further activated the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) pathway to attenuate PCV3 infection. Both the iron provided by FeCl3 and the iron chelated by deferoxamine (DFO) with CoPP treatment failed to affect PCV3 replication. Our data demonstrate that the HO-1-CO-cGMP/PKG, HO-1-BV-ROS, and HO-1-BV-BR-NO-cGMP/PKG pathways contribute crucially to the inhibition of PCV3 replication. These results provide important insights regarding preventing and controlling PCV3 infection. IMPORTANCE The regulation of host protein expression by virus infection is the key to facilitating self-replication. As an important emerging pathogen of swine, clarification of the interaction between PCV3 infection and the host enables us to understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis better. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron have been demonstrated to involve a wealth of viral replications. Here, we, for the first time, demonstrated that HO-1 expression decreases in PCV3-infected cells and negatively regulates PCV3 replication and that the HO-1 metabolic products CO and BV inhibit PCV3 replication by the CO- or BV/BR/NO-dependent cGMP/PKG pathway or BV-mediated ROS reduction, but the iron (the third metabolic product) does not. Specifically, PCV3 infection maintains normal proliferation by downregulating HO-1 expression. These findings clarify the mechanism by which HO-1 modulates PCV3 replication in cells and provide important targets for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Manwar R, Gelovani JG, Avanaki K. Bilirubin- biliverdin concentration measurement using photoacoustic spectroscopic analysis for determining hemorrhage age. J Biophotonics 2023:e202200316. [PMID: 36995028 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The onset of intracerebral hemorrhage and its progression toward acute brain injury have been correlated with the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (BR). In addition, BR has been considered a novel predictor of outcome from intracranial hemorrhage. Since the existing invasive approach for determining localized BR and biliverdin (BV) concentration within the hemorrhagic brain lesion is not feasible, the predictive capability of BR in terms of determining the onset of hemorrhage and understanding the consequences of its progression (age) is unknown. In this study, we have demonstrated a photoacoustic (PA) approach to the noninvasive measurement of BR-BV ratio that can be utilized longitudinally to approximate the onset of the hemorrhage. The PA imaging-based measurements of BV and BR in tissues and fluids can potentially be used to determine hemorrhage "age," quantitatively evaluate the hemorrhage resorption or detect a rebleeding, and assess responses to therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Manwar
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Sadeghi M, Balke J, Rafaluk-Mohr T, Alexiev U. Long-Distance Protonation-Conformation Coupling in Phytochrome Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238395. [PMID: 36500486 PMCID: PMC9737838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Phytochromes are biological red/far-red light sensors found in many organisms. The connection between photoconversion and the cellular output signal involves light-mediated global structural changes in the interaction between the photosensory module (PAS-GAF-PHY, PGP) and the C-terminal transmitter (output) module. We recently showed a direct correlation of chromophore deprotonation with pH-dependent conformational changes in the various domains of the prototypical phytochrome Cph1 PGP. These results suggested that the transient phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore deprotonation is closely associated with a higher protein mobility both in proximal and distal protein sites, implying a causal relationship that might be important for the global large-scale protein rearrangements. Here, we investigate the prototypical biliverdin (BV)-binding phytochrome Agp1. The structural changes at various positions in Agp1 PGP were investigated as a function of pH using picosecond time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and site-directed fluorescence labeling of cysteine variants of Agp1 PGP. We show that the direct correlation of chromophore deprotonation with pH-dependent conformational changes does not occur in Agp1. Together with the absence of long-range effects between the PHY domain and chromophore pKa, in contrast to the findings in Cph1, our results imply phytochrome species-specific correlations between transient chromophore deprotonation and intramolecular signal transduction.
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13
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Chen Q, Wang Z. A new molecular mechanism supports that blue-greenish egg color evolved independently across chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102223. [PMID: 36283143 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken blue-greenish coloration (BGC) was known as a classic Mendel trait caused by a retrovirus (EAV-HP) insertion in the SLCO1B3 gene. Lueyang black-boned chicken (LBC) BGC is light and varies continuously, implying that LBC BGC may be controlled by a new molecular mechanism. The aim of this study was to provide an insight into the molecular basis of LBC BGC. The EAV-HP was detected in the BGC (n = 105) and non-BGC LBC (n = 474) using a PCR-based method. The association of SLCO1B3 expression in shell glands and sequence variants in a 1.6-kb region upstream from the transcription start site of SLCO1B3 with eggshell color and biliverdin (pigment for BGC) concentration was studied. Promoter activities of haplotypes in the 1.6-kb region were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. This study did not found the EAV-HP in BGC and Non-BGC LBC, but detected a strong positive correlation between levels of SLCO1B3 expression in shell glands and biliverdin concentrations. A total of 31 SNP were found in the 1.6-kb region. Twenty-two of 31 SNP formed 42 types of haplotypes in the re-sequenced samples (n = 94). Haplotype 4 was present in higher frequency in the BGC (52%) than Non-BGC (3%). Haplotype 13 was significantly associated with Non-BGC (Non-BGC vs. BGC = 26% vs. 6%). In line with the above associations, Haplotype 4 showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of SLCO1B3 expression in shell glands, biliverdin concentration, and promoter activity than Haplotype 13. This study confirms that LBC BGC is not caused by the EAV-HP, but remains to be associated with the change of SLCO1B3 expression. Haplotype 4 accounts to some extents for the molecular basis of LBC BGC. The new molecular mechanism supports LBC BGC independently evolved.
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14
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Hou YN, Ding WL, Jiang XX, Hu JL, Tan ZZ, Zhao KH. New Far-Red and Near-Infrared Fluorescent Phycobiliproteins with Excellent Brightness and Photostability. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200267. [PMID: 35811374 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins can be used as fluorescence biomarkers in the region of maximal transmission of most tissues and facilitate multiplexing. Recently, we reported the generation and properties of far-red and near-infrared fluorescent phycobiliproteins, termed BeiDou Fluorescent Proteins (BDFPs), which can covalently bind the more readily accessible biliverdin. Far-red BDFPs maximally fluoresce at ∼670 nm, while near-infrared BDFPs fluoresce at ∼710 nm. In this work, we molecularly evolved BDFPs as follows: (a) mutations L58Q, S68R and M81K of BDFPs, which can maximally enhance the effective brightness in vivo by 350 %; (b) minimization and monomerization of far-red BDFPs 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and near-infrared BDFPs 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6. These newly developed BDFPs are remarkably brighter than the formerly reported far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins. Their advantages are demonstrated by biolabeling in mammalian cells using super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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15
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Wang J, Li X, Chang JW, Ye T, Mao Y, Wang X, Liu L. Enzymological and structural characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase-1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1677-1687. [PMID: 35689519 PMCID: PMC9433822 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase‐1 (AtHO‐1), a metabolic enzyme in the heme degradation pathway, serves as a prototype for study of the bilin‐related functions in plants. Past biological analyses revealed that AtHO‐1 requires ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR) and ferredoxin for its enzymatic activity. Here, we characterized the binding and degradation of heme by AtHO‐1, and found that ferredoxin is a dispensable component of the reducing system that provides electrons for heme oxidation. Furthermore, we reported the crystal structure of heme‐bound AtHO‐1, which demonstrates both conserved and previously undescribed features of plant heme oxygenases. Finally, the electron transfer pathway from FNR to AtHO‐1 is suggested based on the known structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tong Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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16
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Yadav K, Ghosh S, Barak A, Schaefer W, Subramanian R. Phenylalanine stacking enhances the red fluorescence of biliverdin IXα on UV excitation in sandercyanin fluorescent protein. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:796-805. [PMID: 35020202 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biliverdin IXα (BV) binds to several prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins. How nature exploits the versatility of BV's properties is not fully understood. Unlike free BV, the Sandercyanin fluorescent protein bound to BV (SFP-BV) shows enhanced red fluorescence (675 nm) on excitation in the UV region (380 nm). Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the BV complex of two SFP variants, F55A and E79A, resulted in the loss of red fluorescence. Crystal structures of the complexes of these proteins with BV show the absence of stacking interactions of the F55 phenyl ring with BV. BV changes from ZZZssa conformation in the wild-type to ZZZsss conformation in the variants. In the nonfluorescent mutants, the lowest excited state is destabilized, resulting in nonradiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Yadav
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, India
| | - Swagatha Ghosh
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arvind Barak
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Wayne Schaefer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee at Washington County, West Bend, WI, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Subramanian
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Sciences and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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17
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Qu Z, Li K, Geng X, Huang B, Gao J. Computational Insights Into the Effects of the R190K and N121Q Mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Complex With Biliverdin. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791885. [PMID: 34966787 PMCID: PMC8711121 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike has been regarded as the main target of antibody design against COVID-19. Two single-site mutations, R190K and N121Q, were deemed to weaken the binding affinity of biliverdin although the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Meanwhile, the effect of the two mutations on the conformational changes of “lip” and “gate” loops was also elusive. Thus, molecular dynamics simulation and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) free energy calculation were conducted on the wild-type and two other SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants. Our simulations indicated that the R190K mutation causes Lys190 to form six hydrogen bonds, guided by Asn99 and Ile101, which brings Lys190 closer to Arg102 and Asn121, thereby weakening the interaction energy between biliverdin and Ile101 as well as Lys190. For the N121Q mutation, Gln121 still maintained a hydrogen bond with biliverdin; nevertheless, the overall binding mode deviated significantly under the reversal of the side chain of Phe175. Moreover, the two mutants would stabilize the lip loop, which would restrain the meaningful upward movement of the lip. In addition, N121Q significantly promoted the gate loop deviating to the biliverdin binding site and compressed the site. This work would be useful in understanding the dynamics binding biliverdin to the SARS-CoV-2 spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kaihang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University Technology Transfer Center Co., Ltd., Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
Significance: As the central metabolic organ, the liver is exposed to a variety of potentially cytotoxic, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogenic stimuli. To protect the organism from these deleterious effects, the liver has evolved a number of defense systems, which include antioxidant substrates and enzymes, anti-inflammatory tools, enzymatic biotransformation systems, and metabolic pathways. Recent Advances: One of the pivotal systems that evolved during phylogenesis was the heme catabolic pathway. Comprising the important enzymes heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase, this complex pathway has a number of key functions including enzymatic activities, but also cell signaling, and DNA transcription. It further generates two important bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as the gaseous molecule carbon monoxide. These heme degradation products have potent antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and cytoprotective effects. Recent data suggest that the pathway participates in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal processes implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic and other diseases. Critical Issues: This review discusses the impact of the heme catabolic pathway on major liver diseases, with particular focus on the involvement of cellular targeting and signaling in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Future Directions: To utilize the biological consequences of the heme catabolic pathway, several unique therapeutic strategies have been developed. Research indicates that pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and lifestyle modifications positively affect the pathway, delivering potentially long-term clinical benefits. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of these approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 734-752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Hu JH, Chang JW, Xu T, Wang J, Wang X, Lin R, Duanmu D, Liu L. Structural basis of bilin binding by the chlorophyll biosynthesis regulator GUN4. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2083-2091. [PMID: 34382282 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The chlorophyll biosynthesis regulator GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 (GUN4) is conserved in nearly all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Recently, GUN4 has been found to be able to bind the linear tetrapyrroles (bilins) and stimulate the magnesium chelatase activity in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we characterize GUN4 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for their ability to bind bilins, and present the crystal structures of Synechocystis GUN4 in biliverdin-bound, phycocyanobilin-bound, and phytochromobilin-bound forms at the resolutions of 1.05, 1.10, and 1.70 Å, respectively. These linear molecules adopt a cyclic-helical conformation, and bind more tightly than planar porphyrins to the tetrapyrrole-binding pocket of GUN4. Based on structural comparison, we propose a working model of GUN4 in regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, and address the role of the bilin-bound GUN4 in retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Hui Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Tao Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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20
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Tan ZZ, Li XD, Kong CD, Sha N, Hou YN, Zhao KH. Engineering Bacteria to Monitor the Bleeding of Animals Using Far-Red Fluorescence. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1770-1778. [PMID: 33978416 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms living in animals can function as drug delivery systems or as detectors for some diseases. Here, we developed a biosensor constructed by the deletion of hemF and harboring ho1, chuA, and bdfp1.6 in Escherichia coli. HemF is an enzyme involved in heme synthesis in E. coli. ChuA and HO1 can transfer extracellular heme into cells and generate biliverdin (BV). BDFP1.6 can bind BV autocatalytically, and it emits a far-red fluorescence signal at 667 nm. Therefore, we named this biosensor as the far-red light for bleeding detector (FRLBD). Our results indicated that the FRLBD was highly efficient and specific for detecting heme or blood in vitro. Moreover, the FRLBD could be used to detect bleeding in the zebrafish induced by aspirin, and a convolutional neural network was an appropriate model to identify the fluorescence features in the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Di Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Na Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of heme oxygenase (HO) have been well investigated. The potential effects of exogenous supplementation of biliverdin (BVD), one of the main products catalyzed by HO, on neurobehaviors are still largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BVD treatment on depression, anxiety, and memory in adult mice. Mice were injected with BVD through tail vein daily for a total 5 d, and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were conducted by using open field test (OFT), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) since the third day of BVD administration. Novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm was used for memory formation test. After the final test, serum and hippocampal levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of mice were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that BVD treatment at low dose (2 mg/kg) induced depression-like behaviors, and high dose (8 mg/kg) BVD injection increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired memory formation in mice. ELISA data showed that BVD treatment significantly increased hippocampal IL-6 and TNF-α level while only decreasing serum IL-6 level of mice. The present data suggest that exogenous BVD treatment induced depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes, which may be related to inflammatory factors, providing BVD may be a potential target for the prevention of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yan Dong
- Intensive Care Unit of Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
| | - Panpan Yu
- Department of State Assets and Laboratory Administrative, Hebei Medical University
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
| | - Qiang Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University
| | - Cuili Meng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Xingtai Medical College
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University
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22
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Li J, Peng L, Bai W, Peng P, Chen W, Yang W, Shao J. Biliverdin Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the miR-27a-3p/Rgs1 Axis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1165-1181. [PMID: 33911865 PMCID: PMC8075361 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that biliverdin has neuroprotective effects that ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed at elucidating on the modulatory role of miR-27a-3p on Rgs1 as a mechanism by which biliverdin affects cerebral I/R injury. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was used to establish I/R rat models while oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to induce hippocampal neurons to establish I/R models in vitro. Infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining. Apoptotic analyses of ischemic cortical neurons and cells were performed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay while the target of miR-27a-3p was determined by double luciferase reporter assay. Relative expression levels of miR-27a-3p and Rgs1 (in vivo and in vitro) as well as markers of inflammation and apoptosis (in vitro) were detected by RT-qPCR. Then, Elisa and western blot were used to assess protein expression levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers in vitro. RESULTS Biliverdin suppressed inflammation and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons upon OGD/R, and reduced cerebral infarction volume as well as apoptosis in the MCAO/R rat model. Furthermore, biliverdin upregulated miR-27a-3p and downregulated hippocampal neuron Rgs1 after OGD/R as well as in rat brain tissues after cerebral I/R. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an miR-27a-3p docking site in the 3'-UTR region of Rgs1. Luciferase reporter assays showed that Rgs1 is an miR-27a-3p target. Moreover, miR-27a-3p upregulation inhibited OGD/R-triggered inflammation and suppressed neuronal apoptosis. Rgs1 knockdown suppressed OGD/R-triggered inflammation and decreased neuronal apoptosis while miR-27a-3p downregulation reversed the protective effect of Rgs1 knockdown. Moreover, miR-27a-3p overexpression and Rgs1 silencing suppressed NF-κB (p65) expression. CONCLUSION Biliverdin protects against cerebral I/R injury by regulating the miR-27a-3p/Rgs1 axis, thereby inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
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23
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Montecinos-Franjola F, Lin JY, Rodriguez EA. Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2657-2667. [PMID: 33196077 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10-18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Y Lin
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Erik A Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A
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24
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Yao Q, Lan QH, Jiang X, Du CC, Zhai YY, Shen X, Xu HL, Xiao J, Kou L, Zhao YZ. Bioinspired biliverdin/silk fibroin hydrogel for antiglioma photothermal therapy and wound healing. Theranostics 2020; 10:11719-11736. [PMID: 33052243 PMCID: PMC7545989 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Photothermal therapy employs the photoabsorbers to generate heat under the near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for thermal tumor ablation. However, NIR irradiation might damage the adjacent tissue due to the leakage of the photoabsorbers and the residual materials after treatment might hinder the local healing process. A bifunctional hydrogel that holds both photothermal property and potent pro-healing ability provides a viable option to resolve this issue. Methods: In this study, we developed a bioinspired green hydrogel (BVSF) with the integration of bioproduct biliverdin into natural derived silk fibroin matrix for antiglioma photothermal therapy and wound healing. Results: The BVSF hydrogel possessed excellent and controllable photothermal activity under NIR irradiation and resulted in effective tumor ablation both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the BVSF hydrogel exerted anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, and stimulated angiogenesis and wound healing in a full-thickness defect rat model. Conclusion: Overall, this proof-of-concept study was aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of using an all-natural green formulation for photothermal therapy and post-treatment care.
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25
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Jayanti S, Vítek L, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. The Role of Bilirubin and the Other "Yellow Players" in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E900. [PMID: 32971784 PMCID: PMC7555389 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a yellow endogenous derivate of the heme catabolism. Since the 1980s, it has been recognized as one of the most potent antioxidants in nature, able to counteract 10,000× higher intracellular concentrations of H2O2. In the recent years, not only bilirubin, but also its precursor biliverdin, and the enzymes involved in their productions (namely heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase; altogether the "yellow players"-YPs) have been recognized playing a protective role in diseases characterized by a chronic prooxidant status. Based on that, there is an ongoing effort in inducing their activity as a therapeutic option. Nevertheless, the understanding of their specific contributions to pathological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) and their role in these diseases are limited. In this review, we will focus on the most recent evidence linking the role of the YPs specifically to neurodegenerative and neurological conditions. Both the protective, as well as potentially worsening effects of the YP's activity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.J.); (C.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Molecular Biomedicine Ph.D. Program, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.J.); (C.T.)
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26
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Chen H, Li D, Cai Y, Wu LF, Song T. Bacteriophytochrome from Magnetospirillum magneticum affects phototactic behavior in response to light. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5895327. [PMID: 32821904 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptors found in plants and in some fungi, cyanobacteria, and photoautotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. Although phytochromes have been structurally characterized in some bacteria, their biological and ecological roles in magnetotactic bacteria remain unexplored. Here, we describe the biochemical characterization of recombinant bacteriophytochrome (BphP) from magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 (MmBphP). The recombinant MmBphP displays all the characteristic features, including the property of binding to biliverdin (BV), of a genuine phytochrome. Site-directed mutagenesis identified that cysteine-14 is important for chromophore covalent binding and photoreversibility. Arginine-240 and histidine-246 play key roles in binding to BV. The N-terminal photosensory core domain of MmBphP lacking the C-terminus found in other phytochromes is sufficient to exhibit the characteristic red/far-red-light-induced fast photoreversibility of phytochromes. Moreover, our results showed MmBphP is involved in the phototactic response, suggesting its conservative role as a stress protectant. This finding provided us a better understanding of the physiological function of this group of photoreceptors and photoresponse of magnetotactic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS, F-13402 Marseille, France.,LCB, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, F-13402 Marseille, France
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Kobachi K, Kuno S, Sato S, Sumiyama K, Matsuda M, Terai K. Biliverdin Reductase-A Deficiency Brighten and Sensitize Biliverdin-binding Chromoproteins. Cell Struct Funct 2020; 45:131-141. [PMID: 32581154 PMCID: PMC10511041 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue absorbance, light scattering, and autofluorescence are significantly lower in the near-infrared (NIR) range than in the visible range. Because of these advantages, NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand for in vivo imaging. Nevertheless, application of NIR FPs such as iRFP is still limited due to their dimness in mammalian cells. In contrast to GFP and its variants, iRFP requires biliverdin (BV) as a chromophore. The dimness of iRFP is at least partly due to rapid reduction of BV by biliverdin reductase-A (BLVRA). Here, we established biliverdin reductase-a knockout (Blvra-/-) mice to increase the intracellular BV concentration and, thereby, to enhance iRFP fluorescence intensity. As anticipated, iRFP fluorescence intensity was significantly increased in all examined tissues of Blvra-/- mice. Similarly, the genetically encoded calcium indicator NIR-GECO1, which is engineered based on another NIR FP, mIFP, exhibited a marked increase in fluorescence intensity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Blvra-/- mice. We expanded this approach to an NIR light-sensing optogenetic tool, the BphP1-PpsR2 system, which also requires BV as a chromophore. Again, deletion of the Blvra gene markedly enhanced the light response in HeLa cells. These results indicate that the Blvra-/- mouse is a versatile tool for the in vivo application of NIR FPs and NIR light-sensing optogenetic tools.Key words: in vivo imaging, near-infrared fluorescent protein, biliverdin, biliverdin reductase, optogenetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenju Kobachi
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
| | - Sota Kuno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shinya Sato
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kenta Terai
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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28
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Zhang B, Nesbitt NM, Pereira PJB, Bahou WF. Biochemical characterization of biliverdins IXβ/δ generated by a selective heme oxygenase. Biochem J 2020; 477:601-14. [PMID: 31913441 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20190810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pro-oxidant effect of free heme (Fe2+-protoporphyrin IX) is neutralized by phylogenetically-conserved heme oxygenases (HMOX) that generate carbon monoxide, free ferrous iron, and biliverdin (BV) tetrapyrrole(s), with downstream BV reduction by non-redundant NADPH-dependent BV reductases (BLVRA and BLVRB) that retain isomer-restricted functional activity for bilirubin (BR) generation. Regioselectivity for the heme α-meso carbon resulting in predominant BV IXα generation is a defining characteristic of canonical HMOXs, thereby limiting generation and availability of BVs IXβ, IXδ, and IXγ as BLVRB substrates. We have now exploited the unique capacity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) hemO/pigA gene for focused generation of isomeric BVs (IXβ and IXδ). A scalable system followed by isomeric separation yielded highly pure samples with predicted hydrogen-bonded structure(s) as documented by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Detailed kinetic studies established near-identical activity of BV IXβ and BV IXδ as BLVRB-selective substrates, with confirmation of an ordered sequential mechanism of BR/NADP+ dissociation. Halogenated xanthene-based compounds previously identified as BLVRB-targeted flavin reductase inhibitors displayed comparable inhibition parameters using BV IXβ as substrate, documenting common structural features of the cofactor/substrate-binding pocket. These data provide further insights into structure/activity mechanisms of isomeric BVs as BLVRB substrates, with potential applicability to further dissect redox-regulated functions in cytoprotection and hematopoiesis.
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29
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Hanley D. Eggshell-Derived Biliverdin as an Antioxidant Defense System for Birds' Eggs. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000133. [PMID: 32656766 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant hypothesis proposes that the blue-green pigment found in many birds' eggs provides a direct benefit to the developing embryo through its antioxidant-like properties. Such protection is feasible if the pigment transfers to the eggshell membrane or inside the egg. This newly proposed hypothesis provides a range of intriguing possibilities for future tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hanley
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Long Island University-Post, 720 Northern Boulevard, Brookville, NY, 11548-1300, USA
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30
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Gordon DM, Neifer KL, Hamoud ARA, Hawk CF, Nestor-Kalinoski AL, Miruzzi SA, Morran MP, Adeosun SO, Sarver JG, Erhardt PW, McCullumsmith RE, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Bilirubin remodels murine white adipose tissue by reshaping mitochondrial activity and the coregulator profile of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9804-9822. [PMID: 32404366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of lipid-burning pathways in the fat-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising strategy to improve metabolic health and reduce obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. For unknown reasons, bilirubin levels are negatively associated with obesity and diabetes. Here, using mice and an array of approaches, including MRI to assess body composition, biochemical assays to measure bilirubin and fatty acids, MitoTracker-based mitochondrial analysis, immunofluorescence, and high-throughput coregulator analysis, we show that bilirubin functions as a molecular switch for the nuclear receptor transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Bilirubin exerted its effects by recruiting and dissociating specific coregulators in WAT, driving the expression of PPARα target genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and adrenoreceptor β 3 (Adrb3). We also found that bilirubin is a selective ligand for PPARα and does not affect the activities of the related proteins PPARγ and PPARδ. We further found that diet-induced obese mice with mild hyperbilirubinemia have reduced WAT size and an increased number of mitochondria, associated with a restructuring of PPARα-binding coregulators. We conclude that bilirubin strongly affects organismal body weight by reshaping the PPARα coregulator profile, remodeling WAT to improve metabolic function, and reducing fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kari L Neifer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Abdul-Rizaq Ali Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles F Hawk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea L Nestor-Kalinoski
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott A Miruzzi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael P Morran
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel O Adeosun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,ProMedica, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA .,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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31
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Moore BA, Gjeltema J. Once in a blue moon: Lipid keratopathy and intrastromal hemorrhage in a Mission golden-eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix). Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 22:933-936. [PMID: 31733050 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking natural anuran biology is a major challenge faced in the husbandry management of frogs, and the quandary of lipid keratopathy in frogs under human care has plagued keepers and practitioners for decades. Unlike corneal lipid dystrophy or lipidosis secondary to degeneration, where there is limited or no vascular in-growth or inflammatory response, lipid keratopathies are associated with vascularization, most often following the appearance of lipid. Hemorrhage from stromal neovascularization has not been described in a frog; however, the presence of vessels in lipid keratopathy certainly heralds the possibility. We report a rather unique case of lipid keratopathy in a 6-year-old female Mission golden-eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix) that not only had concurrent intrastromal hemorrhage, but blue plasmoid staining of the corneal stroma. Current views on both the function of blue plasma in several species and lipid keratopathy are briefly discussed. Overall, evidence suggests that the cause of lipid keratopathy is probably multifactorial and will not successfully be rectified until anuran biology and husbandry are better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Moore
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jenessa Gjeltema
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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32
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Zhang A, Wan B, Jiang D, Wu Y, Ji P, Du Y, Zhang G. The Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 Suppresses Pseudorabies Virus Replication in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:412. [PMID: 32231654 PMCID: PMC7082841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection brings about great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, as there are currently no effective therapeutic agents or vaccines against this disease, and mutations in endemic wild virulent PRV strains result in immune failure of traditional vaccines. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the conversion of heme into biliverdin (BV), iron and carbon monoxide (CO), all of which have been demonstrated to protect cells from various stressors. However, the role of HO-1 in PRV replication remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of HO-1 on PRV replication and determine its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results demonstrated that induction of HO-1 via cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP) markedly suppressed PRV replication, while HO-1 specific small interfering RNA or inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CoPP on PRV replication. Furthermore, overexpression of HO-1 notably inhibited PRV replication, while knockdown of endogenous HO-1 expression promoted PRV replication. Mechanism analyses indicated that the HO-1 downstream metabolites, CO and BV/BR partially mediated the virus suppressive effect of HO-1. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that HO-1 may be developed as a novel endogenous antiviral factor against PRV, and the HO-1/BV/CO system may constitute a unique antiviral protection network during PRV infection and interaction with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angke Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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33
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Ganley JG, D'Ambrosio HK, Shieh M, Derbyshire ER. Coculturing of Mosquito-Microbiome Bacteria Promotes Heme Degradation in Elizabethkingia anophelis. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1279-1284. [PMID: 31845464 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles mosquito microbiomes are intriguing ecological niches. Within the gut, microbes adapt to oxidative stress due to heme and iron after blood meals. Although metagenomic sequencing has illuminated spatial and temporal fluxes of microbiome populations, limited data exist on microbial growth dynamics. Here, we analyze growth interactions between a dominant microbiome species, Elizabethkingia anophelis, and other Anopheles-associated bacteria. We find E. anophelis inhibits a Pseudomonas sp. via an antimicrobial-independent mechanism and observe biliverdins, heme degradation products, upregulated in cocultures. Purification and characterization of E. anophelis HemS demonstrates heme degradation, and we observe hemS expression is upregulated when cocultured with Pseudomonas sp. This study reveals a competitive microbial interaction between mosquito-associated bacteria and characterizes the stimulation of heme degradation in E. anophelis when grown with Pseudomonas sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hannah K D'Ambrosio
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Meg Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Emily R Derbyshire
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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34
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Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Shpironok OG, Fonin AV, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK. Near-Infrared Markers based on Bacterial Phytochromes with Phycocyanobilin as a Chromophore. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236067. [PMID: 31810174 PMCID: PMC6928796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers engineered on the basis of bacterial phytochromes with biliverdin IXα (BV) cofactor as a chromophore are increasingly used in cell biology and biomedicine, since their absorption and fluorescence spectra lie within the so-called optical “transparency window” of biological tissues. However, the quantum yield of BV fluorescence in these biomarkers does not exceed 0.145. The task of generating biomarkers with a higher fluorescence quantum yield remains relevant. To address the problem, we proposed the use of phycocyanobilin (PCB) as a chromophore of biomarkers derived from bacterial phytochromes. In this work, we characterized the complexes of iRFP713 evolved from RpBphP2 and its mutant variants with different location of cysteine residues capable of covalent tetrapyrrole attachment with the PCB cofactor. All analyzed proteins assembled with PCB were shown to have a higher fluorescence quantum yield than the proteins assembled with BV. The iRFP713/V256C and iRFP713/C15S/V256C assembled with PCB have a particularly high quantum yield of 0.5 and 0.45, which exceeds the quantum yield of all currently available near-infrared biomarkers. Moreover, PCB has 4 times greater affinity for iRFP713/V256C and iRFP713/C15S/V256C proteins compared to BV. These data establish iRFP713/V256C and iRFP713/C15S/V256C assembled with the PCB chromophore as promising biomarkers for application in vivo. The analysis of the spectral properties of the tested biomarkers allowed for suggesting that the high-fluorescence quantum yield of the PCB chromophore can be attributed to the lower mobility of the D-ring of PCB compared to BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Olesya G. Shpironok
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (O.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (O.G.S.); (A.V.F.); (I.M.K.)
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-297-19-57
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35
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Duvigneau JC, Esterbauer H, Kozlov AV. Role of Heme Oxygenase as a Modulator of Heme-Mediated Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100475. [PMID: 31614577 PMCID: PMC6827082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is essential for heme and iron homeostasis and necessary for adaptation to cell stress. HO degrades heme to biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous iron. Although mostly beneficial, the HO reaction can also produce deleterious effects, predominantly attributed to excessive product formation. Underrated so far is, however, that HO may exert effects additionally via modulation of the cellular heme levels. Heme, besides being an often-quoted generator of oxidative stress, plays also an important role as a signaling molecule. Heme controls the anti-oxidative defense, circadian rhythms, activity of ion channels, glucose utilization, erythropoiesis, and macrophage function. This broad spectrum of effects depends on its interaction with proteins ranging from transcription factors to enzymes. In degrading heme, HO has the potential to exert effects also via modulation of heme-mediated pathways. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of pathways regulated by heme to enlarge the view on HO and its role in cell physiology. We will further highlight the contribution of HO to pathophysiology, which results from a dysregulated balance between heme and the degradation products formed by HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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36
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Vasavda C, Kothari R, Malla AP, Tokhunts R, Lin A, Ji M, Ricco C, Xu R, Saavedra HG, Sbodio JI, Snowman AM, Albacarys L, Hester L, Sedlak TW, Paul BD, Snyder SH. Bilirubin Links Heme Metabolism to Neuroprotection by Scavenging Superoxide. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1450-1460.e7. [PMID: 31353321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin is one of the most frequently measured metabolites in medicine, yet its physiologic roles remain unclear. Bilirubin can act as an antioxidant in vitro, but whether its redox activity is physiologically relevant is unclear because many other antioxidants are far more abundant in vivo. Here, we report that depleting endogenous bilirubin renders mice hypersensitive to oxidative stress. We find that mice lacking bilirubin are particularly vulnerable to superoxide (O2⋅-) over other tested reactive oxidants and electrophiles. Whereas major antioxidants such as glutathione and cysteine exhibit little to no reactivity toward O2⋅-, bilirubin readily scavenges O2⋅-. We find that bilirubin's redox activity is particularly important in the brain, where it prevents excitotoxicity and neuronal death by scavenging O2⋅- during NMDA neurotransmission. Bilirubin's unique redox activity toward O2⋅- may underlie a prominent physiologic role despite being significantly less abundant than other endogenous and exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Vasavda
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruchita Kothari
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adarsha P Malla
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert Tokhunts
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Anthony Lin
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cristina Ricco
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harry G Saavedra
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan I Sbodio
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adele M Snowman
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren Albacarys
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lynda Hester
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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37
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Abstract
In recent years, the heme catabolic pathway is considered to play an important regulatory role in cell protection, apoptosis, inflammation, and other physiological and pathological processes. An appropriate amount of heme forms the basic elements of various life activities, while when released in large quantities, it can induce toxicity by mediating oxidative stress and inflammation. Heme oxygenase (HO) -1 can catabolize free heme into carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR). The diverse functions of these metabolites in immune systems are fascinating. Decades work shows that administration of degradation products of heme such as CO and BV/BR exerts protective activities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and other immune disorders. This review elaborates the molecular and biochemical characterization of heme catabolic pathway, discusses the signal transduction and immunomodulatory mechanism in inflammation and summarizes the promising therapeutic strategies based on this pathway in inflammatory and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Fathi P, Knox HJ, Sar D, Tripathi I, Ostadhossein F, Misra SK, Esch MB, Chan J, Pan D. Biodegradable Biliverdin Nanoparticles for Efficient Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7690-7704. [PMID: 31246412 PMCID: PMC6903795 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a promising imaging platform with a high tissue penetration depth. However, biodegradable nanoparticles, especially those for photoacoustic imaging, are rare and limited to a few polymeric agents. The development of such nanoparticles holds great promise for clinically translatable diagnostic imaging with high biocompatibility. Metabolically digestible and inherently photoacoustic imaging probes can be developed from nanoprecipitation of biliverdin, a naturally occurring heme-based pigment. The synthesis of nanoparticles composed of a biliverdin network, cross-linked with a bifunctional amine linker, is achieved where spectral tuning relies on the choice of reaction media. Nanoparticles synthesized in water or water containing sodium chloride exhibit higher absorbance and lower fluorescence compared to nanoparticles synthesized in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer. All nanoparticles display high absorbance at 365 and 680 nm. Excitation at near-infrared wavelengths leads to a strong photoacoustic signal, while excitation with ultraviolet wavelengths results in fluorescence emission. In vivo photoacoustic imaging experiments in mice demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulate in lymph nodes, highlighting their potential utility as photoacoustic agents for sentinel lymph node detection. The biotransformation of these agents was studied using mass spectroscopy, and they were found to be completely biodegraded in the presence of biliverdin reductase, a ubiquitous enzyme found in the body. Degradation of these particles was also confirmed in vivo. Thus, the nanoparticles developed here are a promising platform for biocompatible biological imaging due to their inherent photoacoustic and fluorescent properties as well as their complete metabolic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hailey J. Knox
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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39
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Gordon DM, Blomquist TM, Miruzzi SA, McCullumsmith R, Stec DE, Hinds TD. RNA sequencing in human HepG2 hepatocytes reveals PPAR-α mediates transcriptome responsiveness of bilirubin. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:234-240. [PMID: 31074682 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that reduces inflammation and the accumulation of fat. There have been reports of gene responses to bilirubin, which was mostly attributed to its antioxidant function. Using RNA sequencing, we found that biliverdin, which is rapidly reduced to bilirubin, induced transcriptome responses in human HepG2 hepatocytes in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α-dependent fashion (398 genes with >2-fold change; false discovery rate P < 0.05). For comparison, a much narrower set of genes demonstrated differential expression when PPAR-α was suppressed via lentiviral shRNA knockdown (23 genes). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the bilirubin-PPAR-α transcriptome mediates pathways for oxidation-reduction processes, mitochondrial function, response to nutrients, fatty acid oxidation, and lipid homeostasis. Together, these findings suggest that transcriptome responses from the generation of bilirubin are mostly PPAR-α dependent, and its antioxidant function regulates a smaller set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Thomas M Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Scott A Miruzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Robert McCullumsmith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
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40
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Xue P, El Kurdi A, Kohler A, Ma H, Kaeser G, Ali A, Fischer R, Krauß N, Lamparter T. Evidence for weak interaction between phytochromes Agp1 and Agp2 from Agrobacterium fabrum. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:926-941. [PMID: 30941759 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During bacterial conjugation, plasmid DNA is transferred from cell to cell. In Agrobacterium fabrum, conjugation is regulated by the phytochrome photoreceptors Agp1 and Agp2. Both contribute equally to this regulation. Agp1 and Agp2 are histidine kinases, but, for Agp2, we found no autophosphorylation activity. A clear autophosphorylation signal, however, was obtained with mutants in which the phosphoaccepting Asp of the C-terminal response regulator domain is replaced. Thus, the Agp2 histidine kinase differs from the classical transphosphorylation pattern. We performed size exclusion, photoconversion, dark reversion, autophosphorylation, chromophore assembly kinetics and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements on mixed Agp1/Agp2 samples. These assays pointed to an interaction between both proteins. This could partially explain the coaction of both phytochromes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Afaf El Kurdi
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Anja Kohler
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Hongju Ma
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Gero Kaeser
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Arin Ali
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Norbert Krauß
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
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41
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Xing R, Zou Q, Yuan C, Zhao L, Chang R, Yan X. Self-Assembling Endogenous Biliverdin as a Versatile Near-Infrared Photothermal Nanoagent for Cancer Theranostics. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900822. [PMID: 30828877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal nanomaterials that integrate multimodal imaging and therapeutic functions provide promising opportunities for noninvasive and targeted diagnosis and treatment in precision medicine. However, the clinical translation of existing photothermal nanoagents is severely hindered by their unclear physiological metabolism, which makes them a strong concern for biosafety. Here, the utilization of biliverdin (BV), an endogenic near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing pigment with well-studied metabolic pathways, to develop photothermal nanoagents with the aim of providing efficient and metabolizable candidates for tumor diagnosis and therapy, is demonstrated. It is shown that BV nanoagents with intense NIR absorption, long-term photostability and colloidal stability, and high photothermal conversion efficiency can be readily constructed by the supramolecular multicomponent self-assembly of BV, metal-binding short peptides, and metal ions through the reciprocity and synergy of coordination and multiple noncovalent interactions. In vivo data reveal that the BV nanoagents selectively accumulate in tumors, locally elevate tumor temperature under mild NIR irradiation, and consequently induce efficient photothermal tumor ablation with promising biocompatibility. Furthermore, the BV nanoagents can serve as a multimodal contrast for tumor visualization through both photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. BV has no biosafety concerns, and thereby offers a great potential in precision medicine by integrating multiple theranostic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qianli Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengqian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rui Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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42
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Blain-Hartung M, Rockwell NC, Moreno MV, Martin SS, Gan F, Bryant DA, Lagarias JC. Cyanobacteriochrome-based photoswitchable adenylyl cyclases (cPACs) for broad spectrum light regulation of cAMP levels in cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8473-8483. [PMID: 29632072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Class III adenylyl cyclases generate the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP from ATP often in response to environmental or cellular cues. During evolution, soluble adenylyl cyclase catalytic domains have been repeatedly juxtaposed with signal-input domains to place cAMP synthesis under the control of a wide variety of these environmental and endogenous signals. Adenylyl cyclases with light-sensing domains have proliferated in photosynthetic species depending on light as an energy source, yet are also widespread in nonphotosynthetic species. Among such naturally occurring light sensors, several flavin-based photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) have been adopted as optogenetic tools to manipulate cellular processes with blue light. In this report, we report the discovery of a cyanobacteriochrome-based photoswitchable adenylyl cyclase (cPAC) from the cyanobacterium Microcoleus sp. PCC 7113. Unlike flavin-dependent PACs, which must thermally decay to be deactivated, cPAC exhibits a bistable photocycle whose adenylyl cyclase could be reversibly activated and inactivated by blue and green light, respectively. Through domain exchange experiments, we also document the ability to extend the wavelength-sensing specificity of cPAC into the near IR. In summary, our work has uncovered a cyanobacteriochrome-based adenylyl cyclase that holds great potential for the design of bistable photoswitchable adenylyl cyclases to fine-tune cAMP-regulated processes in cells, tissues, and whole organisms with light across the visible spectrum and into the near IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Blain-Hartung
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Nathan C Rockwell
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marcus V Moreno
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Shelley S Martin
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fei Gan
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and
| | - Donald A Bryant
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and.,the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616,
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43
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Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS. Haem oxygenase: A functionally diverse enzyme of photosynthetic organisms and its role in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis, cellular signalling and defence mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:483-500. [PMID: 29220548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) is a universal enzyme that catalyses stereospecific cleavage of haem to BV IX α and liberates Fe+2 ion and CO as by-product. Beside haem degradation, it has important functions in plants that include cellular defence, stomatal regulation, iron mobilization, phytochrome chromophore synthesis, and lateral root formation. Phytochromes are an extended family of photoreceptors with a molecular mass of 250 kDa and occur as a dimer made up of 2 equivalent subunits of 125 kDa each. Each subunit is made of two components: the chromophore, a light-capturing pigment molecule and the apoprotein. Biosynthesis of phytochrome (phy) chromophore includes the oxidative splitting of haem to biliverdin IX by an enzyme HO, which is the decisive step in the biosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms, BVα is reduced to 3Z PΦB by a ferredoxin-dependent PΦB synthase that finally isomerised to PΦB. The synthesized PΦB assembles with the phytochrome apoprotein in the cytoplasm to generate holophytochrome. Thus, necessary for photomorphogenesis in plants, which has confirmed from the genetic studies, conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana and pea. Besides the phytochrome chromophore synthesis, the review also emphasises on the current advances conducted in plant HO implying its developmental and defensive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
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Zsila F, Juhász T, Bősze S, Horváti K, Beke-Somfai T. Hemin and bile pigments are the secondary structure regulators of intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptides. Chirality 2017; 30:195-205. [PMID: 29110341 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of protoporphyrin compounds of human origin with the major bee venom component melittin (26 a.a., Z +6) and its hybrid derivative (CM15, 15 a.a., Z +6) were studied by a combination of various spectroscopic methods. Throughout a two-state, concentration-dependent process, hemin and its metabolites (biliverdin, bilirubin, bilirubin ditaurate) increase the parallel β-sheet content of the natively unfolded melittin, suggesting the oligomerization of the peptide chains. In contrast, α-helix promoting effect was observed with the also disordered but more cationic CM15. According to fluorescence quenching experiments, the sole Trp residue of melittin is the key player during the binding, in the vicinity of which the first pigment molecule is accommodated presumably making indole-porphyrin π-π stacking interaction. As circular dichroism titration data suggest, cooperative association of additional ligands subsequently occurs, resulting in multimeric complexes with an apparent dissociation constant ranged from 20 to 65 μM. Spectroscopic measurements conducted with the bilirubin catabolite urobilin and stercobilin refer to the requirement of intact dipyrrinone moieties for inducing secondary structure transformations. The binding topography of porphyrin rings on a model parallel β-sheet motif was evaluated by absorption spectroscopy and computational modeling showing a slipped-cofacial binding mode responsible for the red shift and hypochromism of the Soret band. Our results may aid to recognize porphyrin-responsive binding motifs of biologically relevant, intrinsically disordered peptides and proteins, where transient conformations play a vital role in their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Duanmu D, Rockwell NC, Lagarias JC. Algal light sensing and photoacclimation in aquatic environments. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:2558-2570. [PMID: 28245058 PMCID: PMC5705019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes arose in ancient oceans ~3.5 billion years ago. The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria followed soon after, enabling eukaryogenesis and the evolution of complex life. The Archaeplastida lineage dates back ~1.5 billion years to the domestication of a cyanobacterium. Eukaryotic algae have subsequently radiated throughout oceanic/freshwater/terrestrial environments, adopting distinctive morphological and developmental strategies for adaptation to diverse light environments. Descendants of the ancestral photosynthetic alga remain challenged by a typical diurnally fluctuating light supply ranging from ~0 to ~2000 μE m-2 s-1 . Such extreme changes in light intensity and variations in light quality have driven the evolution of novel photoreceptors, light-harvesting complexes and photoprotective mechanisms in photosynthetic eukaryotes. This minireview focuses on algal light sensors, highlighting the unexpected roles for linear tetrapyrroles (bilins) in the maintenance of functional chloroplasts in chlorophytes, sister species to streptophyte algae and land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
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46
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Laude JP, Fanti G. Raman and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Analyses of a Microsubstance Adhering to a Fiber of the Turin Shroud. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:2313-2324. [PMID: 28617039 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817715291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Raman spectrum of a microsubstance, smeared on a fiber coming from the Shroud of Turin, was compared with numerous spectra published for old or modern pigment dyes, whole bloods, dried bloods, red blood cells, albumin, very ancient blood stains, and various "degradation" products of heme. Within the wavenumber measure accuracy, it is shown that all Raman lines detected above background could correspond to vibration frequencies found in biliverdin-derived compounds except a weak line that we tentatively attributed to amide I. Biliverdin is known as an oxidative ring cleavage product of the heme of blood. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the sample confirms an elemental composition fully compatible with this hypothesis. Therefore, it is very likely that this microsubstance contains products of heme including heme/biliverdin-derived compounds and protein traces (amide I). Nevertheless, other measures will be necessary to confirm it. This method of identification, adding EDS to Raman spectrometry can be applied to nondestructive testing (NDT) of many other microsamples.
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47
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Shemetov AA, Oliinyk OS, Verkhusha VV. How to Increase Brightness of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins in Mammalian Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:758-766.e3. [PMID: 28602760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) were recently engineered from bacterial photoreceptors but lack of their systematic comparison makes researcher's choice rather difficult. Here we evaluated side-by-side several modern NIR FPs, such as blue-shifted smURFP and miRFP670, and red-shifted mIFP and miRFP703. We found that among all NIR FPs, miRFP670 had the highest fluorescence intensity in various mammalian cells. For instance, in common HeLa cells miRFP703, mIFP, and smURFP were 2-, 9-, and 53-fold dimmer than miRFP670. Either co-expression of heme oxygenase or incubation of cells with heme precursor weakly affected NIR fluorescence, however, in the latter case elevated cellular autofluorescence. Exogenously added chromophore substantially increased smURFP brightness but only slightly enhanced brightness of other NIR FPs. mIFP showed intermediate, while monomeric miRFP670 and miRFP703 exhibited high binding efficiency of endogenous biliverdin chromophore. This feature makes them easy to use as GFP-like proteins for spectral multiplexing with FPs of visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Shemetov
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olena S Oliinyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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48
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Li JJ, Zou ZY, Liu J, Xiong LL, Jiang HY, Wang TH, Shao JL. Biliverdin administration ameliorates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and is associated with proinflammatory factor downregulation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:671-9. [PMID: 28672984 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin (BV), one of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalytic products, has been demonstrated to have protective effects in liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). The present study aimed to explore the effects of BV on cerebral IRI, and to investigate the potential mechanisms thereof. Adult male SD rats, weighing 200-240 g, were randomly divided into sham (group S), cerebral ischemia reperfusion control (group C) and BV (group BV) groups. Rats in group C underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and received 2 ml normal saline; rats in group BV received BV (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 15 min prior to reperfusion and 4 h after reperfusion, then twice a day thereafter for 5 days. Group S served as the control. Neurological Severity Scores (NSS) were evaluated at days 1-5 following reperfusion. Staining with 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride was performed to determine the cerebral infarction at 48 h post reperfusion. mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and HO-1 in the ischemic cerebral cortex were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after reperfusion. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels at 3 h after reperfusion. Compared with group S, the NSS, cerebral infarct volume, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and HO-1 of Group C were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, BV administration significantly improved and reduced these expression levels (P<0.01). The present study indicates that BV is able to ameliorate cerebral IRI in rats and that the mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of proinflammatory factors.
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49
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Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Kuznetsova IM, Shcherbakova DM, Verkhusha VV, Turoverov KK. Interaction of Biliverdin Chromophore with Near-Infrared Fluorescent Protein BphP1-FP Engineered from Bacterial Phytochrome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1009. [PMID: 28481303 PMCID: PMC5454922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) designed from PAS (Per-ARNT-Sim repeats) and GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylate cyclase/FhlA transcriptional activator) domains of bacterial phytochromes covalently bind biliverdin (BV) chromophore via one or two Cys residues. We studied BV interaction with a series of NIR FP variants derived from the recently reported BphP1-FP protein. The latter was engineered from a bacterial phytochrome RpBphP1, and has two reactive Cys residues (Cys15 in the PAS domain and Cys256 in the GAF domain), whereas its mutants contain single Cys residues either in the PAS domain or in the GAF domain, or no Cys residues. We characterized BphP1-FP and its mutants biochemically and spectroscopically in the absence and in the presence of denaturant. We found that all BphP1-FP variants are monomers. We revealed that spectral properties of the BphP1-FP variants containing either Cys15 or Cys256, or both, are determined by the covalently bound BV chromophore only. Consequently, this suggests an involvement of the inter-monomeric allosteric effects in the BV interaction with monomers in dimeric NIR FPs, such as iRFPs. Likely, insertion of the Cys15 residue, in addition to the Cys256 residue, in dimeric NIR FPs influences BV binding by promoting the BV chromophore covalent cross-linking to both PAS and GAF domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russian.
| | - Olga V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russian.
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russian.
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian.
| | - Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 8 Haartmaninkatu st., Helsinki 00290, Finland.
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russian.
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian.
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50
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Clark W, Leclercq E, Migaud H, Nairn J, Davie A. Isolation, identification and characterisation of ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta plasma pigment. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:2070-2084. [PMID: 27501866 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study confirmed that observations of blue-green colouration in plasma fractions of the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta were caused by the linear tetra-pyrrole biliverdin and that the molecule was of the physiologically relevant IXα isomer. Accumulation appears driven by chromogenic association with an unknown protein moiety which precludes enzymatic reduction and would suggest active management. It was demonstrated that the pigment did not fluctuate relative to ontogeny, or indeed binary gender in the species of interest, but mobilisation and depletion in the subset of individuals undergoing sex change at the time of study supports a potential association with gender inversion processes. It is of note that although biliverdin does have some effect on external colouration, the evidence is indicative that crypsis is a supplementary function thus other factors must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clark
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - E Leclercq
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - H Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - J Nairn
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TS, Scotland, U.K
| | - A Davie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K..
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