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Li P, Gemayel R, Li X, Liu J, Tang M, Wang X, Yang Y, Al-Abadleh HA, Gligorovski S. Formation of nitrogen-containing gas phase products from the heterogeneous (photo)reaction of NO 2 with gallic acid. Commun Chem 2023; 6:198. [PMID: 37717093 PMCID: PMC10505156 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous reaction of gas phase NO2 with atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) is potentially an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including nitrogen (N)-containing compounds, a class of brown carbon of emerging importance. However, the role of ubiquitous water-soluble aerosol components in this multiphase chemistry, namely nitrate and iron ions, remains largely unexplored. Here, we used secondary electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for real-time measurements of VOCs formed during the heterogeneous reaction of gas phase NO2 with a solution containing gallic acid (GA) as a proxy of HULIS at pH 5 relevant for moderately acidic aerosol particles. Results showed that the number of detected N-containing organic compounds largely increased from 4 during the NO2 reaction with GA in the absence of nitrate and iron ions to 55 in the presence of nitrate and iron ions. The N-containing compounds have reduced nitrogen functional groups, namely amines, imines and imides. These results suggest that the number of N-containing compounds is significantly higher in deliquescent aerosol particles due to the influence of relatively higher ionic strength from nitrate ions and complexation/redox reactivity of iron cations compared to that in the dilute aqueous phase representative of cloud, fog, and rain water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rachel Gemayel
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc technologique Alata BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China.
- Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Dubois C, Cholleton D, Gemayel R, Chen Y, Surratt JD, George C, Rairoux P, Miffre A, Riva M. Decrease in sulfate aerosol light backscattering by reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5927-5935. [PMID: 33662067 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate aerosol is responsible for a net cooling of the Earth's atmosphere due to its ability to backscatter light. Through atmospheric multiphase chemistry, it reacts with isoprene epoxydiols leading to the formation of aerosol and organic compounds, including organosulfates and high-molecular weight compounds. In this study, we evaluate how sulfate aerosol light backscattering is modified in the presence of such organic compounds. Our laboratory experiments show that reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols on sulfate aerosol is responsible for a decrease in light backscattering compared to pure inorganic sulfate particles of up to - 12% at 355 nm wavelength and - 21% at 532 nm wavelength. Moreover, while such chemistry is known to yield a core-shell structure, the observed reduction in the backscattered light intensity is discussed with Mie core-shell light backscattering numerical simulations. We showed that the observed decrease can only be explained by considering effects from the complex optical refractive index. Since isoprene is the most abundant hydrocarbon emitted into the atmosphere, and isoprene epoxydiols are the most important isoprene secondary organic aerosol precursors, our laboratory findings can aid in quantifying the direct radiative forcing of sulfates in the presence of organic compounds, thus more clearly resolving the impact of such aerosol particles on the Earth's climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dubois
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - D Cholleton
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - R Gemayel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C George
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - P Rairoux
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - A Miffre
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - M Riva
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France.
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Wang X, Gemayel R, Hayeck N, Perrier S, Charbonnel N, Xu C, Chen H, Zhu C, Zhang L, Wang L, Nizkorodov SA, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang T, Mellouki A, Riva M, Chen J, George C. Atmospheric Photosensitization: A New Pathway for Sulfate Formation. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:3114-3120. [PMID: 32022545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Northern China is regularly subjected to intense wintertime "haze events", with high levels of fine particles that threaten millions of inhabitants. While sulfate is a known major component of these fine haze particles, its formation mechanism remains unclear especially under highly polluted conditions, with state-of-the-art air quality models unable to reproduce or predict field observations. These haze conditions are generally characterized by simultaneous high emissions of SO2 and photosensitizing materials. In this study, we find that the excited triplet states of photosensitizers could induce a direct photosensitized oxidation of hydrated SO2 and bisulfite into sulfate S(VI) through energy transfer, electron transfer, or hydrogen atom abstraction. This photosensitized pathway appears to be a new and ubiquitous chemical route for atmospheric sulfate production. Compared to other aqueous-phase sulfate formation pathways with ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen dioxide, or transition-metal ions, the results also show that this photosensitized oxidation of S(IV) could make an important contribution to aerosol sulfate formation in Asian countries, particularly in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rachel Gemayel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Hayeck
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Charbonnel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Caihong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Gandolfo A, Marque S, Temime-Roussel B, Gemayel R, Wortham H, Truffier-Boutry D, Bartolomei V, Gligorovski S. Unexpectedly High Levels of Organic Compounds Released by Indoor Photocatalytic Paints. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:11328-11337. [PMID: 30188114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic paints based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles represent a promising treatment technology for cleaning the air at our dwellings. A few studies have shown that instead of elimination of harmful indoor air pollutants the production of carbonyl compounds occurs from the photocatalytic paints. Herein, we report unexpectedly high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released upon irradiation of photocatalytic paints which are meant to clean the air at our dwellings. The concentrations of the VOCs were measured continuously and online by PTR-ToF-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry) connected to a well-established flow tube photoreactor. The PTR-ToF-MS analysis revealed the presence of 52 ions in the mass range between 20 and 490 amu, among which 43 have been identified. In particular very high emission rates were estimated of two relevant indoor air pollutants, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as 355 μg h-1 and 257 μg h-1 for 1 m2, respectively. We suggest a detailed reaction mechanism responsible for the production of these harmful indoor air pollutants (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, among the others). The hydroxyl radicals (OH) formed upon activation of TiO2, react with the organic constituent (butyl acrylate and vinyl acetate) of the paint binder lead to generation of an important number of organic compounds. We demonstrate that the TiO2 quantity and the organic content of the binder is of paramount importance with respect to the formation of VOCs, which should be considered for future optimization of this air remediation technology based on TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Gandolfo
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376 , 13331 , Marseille , France
| | - Sylvain Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273 , 13297 , Marseille , France
| | | | - Rachel Gemayel
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376 , 13331 , Marseille , France
| | - Henri Wortham
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376 , 13331 , Marseille , France
| | | | | | - Sasho Gligorovski
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376 , 13331 , Marseille , France
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510 640 , China
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Gemayel R, Temime-Roussel B, Hayeck N, Gandolfo A, Hellebust S, Gligorovski S, Wortham H. Development of an analytical methodology for obtaining quantitative mass concentrations from LAAP-ToF-MS measurements. Talanta 2017; 174:715-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hayeck N, Ravier S, Gemayel R, Gligorovski S, Poulet I, Maalouly J, Wortham H. Validation of Direct Analysis Real Time source/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for organophosphate quantitation on wafer surface. Talanta 2015; 144:1163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jansen A, Gemayel R, Verstrepen KJ. Unstable microsatellite repeats facilitate rapid evolution of coding and regulatory sequences. Genome Dyn 2012; 7:108-25. [PMID: 22759816 DOI: 10.1159/000337121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Tandem repeats are intrinsically highly variable sequences since repeat units are often lost or gained during replication or following unequal recombination events. Because of their low complexity and their instability, these repeats, which are also called satellite repeats, are often considered to be useless 'junk' DNA. However, recent findings show that tandem repeats are frequently found within promoters of stress-induced genes and within the coding regions of genes encoding cell-surface and regulatory proteins. Interestingly, frequent changes in these repeats often confer phenotypic variability. Examples include variation in the microbial cell surface, rapid tuning of internal molecular clocks in flies, and enhanced morphological plasticity in mammals. This suggests that instead of being useless junk DNA, some variable tandem repeats are useful functional elements that confer 'evolvability', facilitating swift evolution and rapid adaptation to changing environments. Since changes in repeats are frequent and reversible, repeats provide a unique type of mutation that bridges the gap between rare genetic mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, and highly unstable but reversible epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jansen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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