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Safaei Jazi S, Faniayeu I, Cichelero R, Tzarouchis DC, Asgari MM, Dmitriev A, Fan S, Asadchy V. Optical Tellegen metamaterial with spontaneous magnetization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1293. [PMID: 38346950 PMCID: PMC10861567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The nonreciprocal magnetoelectric effect, also known as the Tellegen effect, promises a number of groundbreaking phenomena connected to fundamental (e.g., electrodynamics of axion and relativistic matter) and applied physics (e.g., magnetless isolators). We propose a three-dimensional metamaterial with an isotropic and resonant Tellegen response in the visible frequency range. The metamaterial is formed by randomly oriented bi-material nanocylinders in a host medium. Each nanocylinder consists of a ferromagnet in a single-domain magnetic state and a high-permittivity dielectric operating near the magnetic Mie-type resonance. The proposed metamaterial requires no external magnetic bias and operates on the spontaneous magnetization of the nanocylinders. By leveraging the emerging magnetic Weyl semimetals, we further show how a giant bulk effective magnetoelectric effect can be achieved in a proposed metamaterial, exceeding that of natural materials by almost four orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Safaei Jazi
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ihar Faniayeu
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios C Tzarouchis
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Meta Materials Europe, Marousi, 15123, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Asgari
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Alexandre Dmitriev
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Viktar Asadchy
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Zubritskaya I, Cichelero R, Faniayeu I, Martella D, Nocentini S, Rudquist P, Wiersma DS, Brongersma ML. Dynamically Tunable Optical Cavities with Embedded Nematic Liquid Crystalline Networks. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209152. [PMID: 36683324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities that can dynamically control light enable novel sensing, imaging and display applications. However, the realization of dynamic cavities incorporating stimuli-responsive materials poses a significant engineering challenge. Current approaches rely on refractive index modulation and suffer from low dynamic tunability, high losses, and limited spectral ranges, and require liquid and hazardous materials for operation. To overcome these challenges, a new tuning mechanism employing reversible mechanical adaptations of a polymer network is proposed, and dynamic tuning of optical resonances is demonstrated. Solid-state temperature-responsive optical coatings are developed by preparing a monodomain nematic liquid crystalline network (LCN) and are incorporated between metallic mirrors to form active optical microcavities. LCN microcavities offer large, reversible and highly linear spectral tuning of FP resonances reaching wavelength-shifts up to 40 nm via thermomechanical actuation while featuring outstanding repeatability and precision over more than 100 heating-cooling cycles. This degree of tunability allows for reversible switching between the reflective and the absorbing states of the device over the entire visible and near-infrared spectral regions, reaching large changes in reflectance with modulation efficiency ΔR = 79%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zubritskaya
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Ihar Faniayeu
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Daniele Martella
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Sara Nocentini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Per Rudquist
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Diederik Sybolt Wiersma
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Casals B, Statuto N, Foerster M, Hernández-Mínguez A, Cichelero R, Manshausen P, Mandziak A, Aballe L, Hernàndez JM, Macià F. Generation and Imaging of Magnetoacoustic Waves over Millimeter Distances. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:137202. [PMID: 32302199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.137202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using hybrid piezoelectric-magnetic systems we have generated large amplitude magnetization waves mediated by magnetoelasticity with up to 25 degrees variation in the magnetization orientation. We present direct imaging and quantification of both standing and propagating acoustomagnetic waves with different wavelengths, over large distances up to several millimeters in a nickel thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blai Casals
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nahuel Statuto
- Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernández-Mínguez
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Peter Manshausen
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ania Mandziak
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano" Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Lucía Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Manel Hernàndez
- Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Macià
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kataja M, Cichelero R, Herranz G. Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31814609 DOI: 10.3791/60094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals are periodic nanostructures that can support a variety of confined electromagnetic modes. Such confined modes are usually accompanied by local enhancement of electric field intensity that strengthens light-matter interactions, enabling applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface plasmon enhanced sensing. In the presence of magneto-optically active materials, the local field enhancement gives rise to anomalous magneto-optical activity. Typically, the confined modes of a given photonic crystal depend strongly on the wavelength and incidence angle of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Thus, spectral and angular-resolved measurements are needed to fully identify them as well as to establish their relationship with the magneto-optical activity of the crystal. In this article, we describe how to use a Fourier-plane (back focal plane) microscope to characterize magneto-optically active samples. As a model system, here we use a plasmonic grating built out of magneto-optically active Au/Co/Au multilayer. In the experiments, we apply a magnetic field on the grating in situ and measure its reciprocal space response, obtaining the magneto-optical response of the grating over a range of wavelengths and incident angles. This information enables us to build a complete map of the plasmonic band structure of the grating and the angle and wavelength dependent magneto-optical activity. These two images allow us to pinpoint the effect that the plasmon resonances have on the magneto-optical response of the grating. The relatively small magnitude of magneto-optical effects requires a careful treatment of the acquired optical signals. To this end, an image processing protocol for obtaining magneto-optical response from the acquired raw data is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona; Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg
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Cichelero R, Kataja M, Campoy-Quiles M, Herranz G. Non-reciprocal diffraction in magnetoplasmonic gratings. Opt Express 2018; 26:34842-34852. [PMID: 30650901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase-matching conditions-used to bridge the wave vector mismatch between light and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)-have been exploited recently to enable nonreciprocal optical propagation and enhanced magneto-optic responses in magnetoplasmonic systems. Here we show that using diffraction in conjunction with plasmon excitations leads to a photonic system with a more versatile and flexible response. As a testbed, we analyzed diffracted magneto-optical effects in magnetoplasmonic gratings, where broken time-reversal symmetry induces frequency shifts in the energy and angular spectra of plasmon resonance. These result in exceptionally large responses in the diffracted magneto-optical effect. The concepts presented here can be used to develop non-reciprocal optical devices that exploit diffraction, in order to achieve tailored electromagnetic responses.
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Casals B, Cichelero R, García Fernández P, Junquera J, Pesquera D, Campoy-Quiles M, Infante IC, Sánchez F, Fontcuberta J, Herranz G. Giant Optical Polarization Rotation Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling in Polarons. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:026401. [PMID: 27447517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have uncovered a giant gyrotropic magneto-optical response for doped ferromagnetic manganite La_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} around the near room-temperature paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition. At odds with current wisdom, where this response is usually assumed to be fundamentally fixed by the electronic band structure, we point to the presence of small polarons as the driving force for this unexpected phenomenon. We explain the observed properties by the intricate interplay of mobility, Jahn-Teller effect, and spin-orbit coupling of small polarons. As magnetic polarons are ubiquitously inherent to many strongly correlated systems, our results provide an original, general pathway towards the generation of magnetic-responsive gigantic gyrotropic responses that may open novel avenues for magnetoelectric coupling beyond the conventional modulation of magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blai Casals
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo García Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - David Pesquera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ingrid C Infante
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Florencio Sánchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gervasi Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Cichelero R, Harres A, Sossmeier KD, Schmidt JE, Geshev J. Magnetic interactions in exchange-coupled yet unbiased IrMn/NiCu bilayers. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:426001. [PMID: 24065441 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/42/426001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports experimental and model magnetization results obtained on exchange-coupled ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (FM/AF) bilayers that show zero net bias. The coercivity of the films, either irradiated with He or implanted with Ge ions at 40 keV, varies significantly with the fluence used. We employed the remanence plots technique in order to estimate the nature of the interactions present and check if there exists a correlation between their type and the coercivity variations. The analysis of the remanence plots through numerical simulations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation demonstrated that outcomes of interactions within the FM layer could be distinguished from those coming from coupling at the FM/AF interface and that demagnetizing interaction effects could be achieved without the presence of dipolar interactions. Our findings indicate that such experiments could give selective information on modifications caused by a post-deposition treatment in each layer of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cichelero
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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