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Zarkogianni K, Dervakos E, Filandrianos G, Ganitidis T, Gkatzou V, Sakagianni A, Raghavendra R, Max Nikias CL, Stamou G, Nikita KS. The smarty4covid dataset and knowledge base as a framework for interpretable physiological audio data analysis. Sci Data 2023; 10:770. [PMID: 37932314 PMCID: PMC10628219 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and m-health towards detecting new bio-markers indicative of the onset and progress of respiratory abnormalities/conditions has greatly attracted the scientific and research interest especially during COVID-19 pandemic. The smarty4covid dataset contains audio signals of cough (4,676), regular breathing (4,665), deep breathing (4,695) and voice (4,291) as recorded by means of mobile devices following a crowd-sourcing approach. Other self reported information is also included (e.g. COVID-19 virus tests), thus providing a comprehensive dataset for the development of COVID-19 risk detection models. The smarty4covid dataset is released in the form of a web-ontology language (OWL) knowledge base enabling data consolidation from other relevant datasets, complex queries and reasoning. It has been utilized towards the development of models able to: (i) extract clinically informative respiratory indicators from regular breathing records, and (ii) identify cough, breath and voice segments in crowd-sourced audio recordings. A new framework utilizing the smarty4covid OWL knowledge base towards generating counterfactual explanations in opaque AI-based COVID-19 risk detection models is proposed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Zarkogianni
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece.
- Maastricht University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht, 6200 MD, Netherlands.
| | - Edmund Dervakos
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
| | - George Filandrianos
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
| | - Theofanis Ganitidis
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Gkatzou
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Sakagianni
- Sismanoglion General Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Athens, 15126, Greece
| | - Raghu Raghavendra
- University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - C L Max Nikias
- University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Giorgos Stamou
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
| | - Konstantina S Nikita
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, 157 80, Greece
- University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
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Patil SG, Khode V, Chandrasekaran AM, Desai RM, Vadiraja HS, Raghavendra R, Aithal K, Champa R, Deepak KK, Prabhakaran D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of yoga and meditation on endothelial system. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Studies reported either an improvement in endothelial function by yoga and meditation or no significant effect. A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of yoga on endothelial function is not available.
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effectiveness of yoga and meditation on endothelial function in healthy subjects or patients of any age or gender.
Methods
Authors performed a systematic search for relevant research studies as per the PRISMA guidelines. The Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane controlled register of trials (CENTRAL) were screened from inception to November 2020. The search strategy was constructed around yoga based techniques, meditation and endothelial function. All the yoga-based interventional studies on endothelial function: controlled, uncontrolled, randomized, non-randomized and cross-over were included for this review. A narrative synthesis and descriptive analysis was done due to diverse methodology of all selected studies. We carried out a formal meta-analysis of controlled trials that assessed flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) which is a gold-standard measure of endothelial function.The quality of the studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool.
Results
A total of 18 studies were included for review involving 1024 participants. Of these, 10 were RCT, one randomized cross-over study, 4 non-randomized studies and three single-group (before-after) studies. The total duration of yoga intervention ranged from 10 days to 52 weeks. Among the 18 selected studies, yoga training showed a significant favorable change in the measures of endothelial function in 12 studies (involving either healthy individuals or patients with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, migraine and dysmenorrhea) while 6 studies did not find any significant effect. Among the 15 controlled trials, 7 assessed FMD while the remaining evaluated different biomarkers of endothelial function such as circulating endothelial microparticles, asymmetric dimethyl arginine, nitric oxide or endothelin-1. Hence the results of 7 controlled trials assessing FMD were included for meta-analysis (n=384 participants) which showed a significant increase in brachial FMD by yoga practice (Mean difference = −2.02%, 95% CI: −3.72, −0.32, p=0.02). The heterogeneity between the studies was 76% (τ2=3.31, χ2=25.28) (Fig. 1).
Conclusions
Yoga and meditation can significantly improve endothelial function in healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors. Yoga and meditation can be applied clinically as a lifestyle modality for endothelial protection and cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Patil
- SDM College of Medical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - V Khode
- SDM College of Medical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | | | - R M Desai
- SDM College of Medical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - H S Vadiraja
- Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - R Raghavendra
- Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - K Aithal
- SDM College of Medical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - R Champa
- SDM College of Medical Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - K K Deepak
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
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Raja K, Raghavendra R, Busch C. Towards better and unlinkable protected biometric templates using label‐assisted discrete hashing. IET BIOMETRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1049/bme2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raja
- Department of Computer Science The Norwegian Colour and Visual Computing Laboratory Norway
- Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory NTNU Gjøvik Norway
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Raja KB, Raghavendra R, Venkatesh S, Busch C. Multi-patch deep sparse histograms for iris recognition in visible spectrum using collaborative subspace for robust verification. Pattern Recognit Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Raghavendra R, Raja KB, Busch C. Presentation attack detection for face recognition using light field camera. IEEE Trans Image Process 2015; 24:1060-1075. [PMID: 25622320 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2015.2395951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The vulnerability of face recognition systems isa growing concern that has drawn the interest from both academic and research communities. Despite the availability of a broad range of face presentation attack detection (PAD)(or countermeasure or antispoofing) schemes, there exists no superior PAD technique due to evolution of sophisticated presentation attacks (or spoof attacks). In this paper, we present a new perspective for face presentation attack detection by introducing light field camera (LFC). Since the use of a LFC can record the direction of each incoming ray in addition to the intensity, it exhibits an unique characteristic of rendering multiple depth(or focus) images in a single capture. Thus, we present a novel approach that involves exploring the variation of the focus between multiple depth (or focus) images rendered by the LFC that in turn can be used to reveal the presentation attacks. To this extent, we first collect a new face artefact database using LFC that comprises of 80 subjects. Face artefacts are generated by simulating two widely used attacks, such as photo print and electronic screen attack. Extensive experiments carried out on the light field face artefact database have revealed the outstanding performance of the proposed PAD scheme when benchmarked with various well established state-of-the-art schemes.
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Chadwick EG, Clarkin OM, Raghavendra R, Tanner DA. A bioactive metallurgical grade porous silicon-polytetrafluoroethylene sheet for guided bone regeneration applications. Biomed Mater Eng 2014; 24:1563-74. [PMID: 24840195 DOI: 10.3233/bme-140961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The properties of porous silicon make it a promising material for a host of applications including drug delivery, molecular and cell-based biosensing, and tissue engineering. Porous silicon has previously shown its potential for the controlled release of pharmacological agents and in assisting bone healing. Hydroxyapatite, the principle constituent of bone, allows osteointegration in vivo, due to its chemical and physical similarities to bone. Synthetic hydroxyapatite is currently applied as a surface coating to medical devices and prosthetics, encouraging bone in-growth at their surface and improving osseointegration. This paper examines the potential for the use of an economically produced porous silicon particulate-polytetrafluoroethylene sheet for use as a guided bone regeneration device in periodontal and orthopaedic applications. The particulate sheet is comprised of a series of microparticles in a polytetrafluoroethylene matrix and is shown to produce a stable hydroxyapatite on its surface under simulated physiological conditions. The microstructure of the material is examined both before and after simulated body fluid experiments for a period of 1, 7, 14 and 30 days using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The composition is examined using a combination of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Thin film X-ray diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the uptake/release of constituents at the fluid-solid interface is explored using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Microstructural and compositional analysis reveals progressive growth of crystalline, 'bone-like' apatite on the surface of the material, indicating the likelihood of close bony apposition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Chadwick
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Department of Design and Manufacturing Technology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - O M Clarkin
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Raghavendra
- South Eastern Applied Materials Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - D A Tanner
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Department of Design and Manufacturing Technology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Varghese M, Raghavendra R. Dalen Fuch's nodules and serous retinal detachment on optical coherence tomography in sympathetic ophthalmitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 61:245-6. [PMID: 23760454 PMCID: PMC3730515 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Umesha K, Sarojini BK, Darshan Raj CG, Bhanuprakash V, Yogisharadhya R, Raghavendra R, Khan MTH. In vitro and in silico biological studies of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raghavendra R, Mahadevan KM, Satyanarayan ND, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Yogisharadhya R. Analgesic, Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of 2-(5-Alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:367-71. [PMID: 23626395 PMCID: PMC3630735 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones (4a-e) have been evaluated for analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Analgesic activity was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing method in Swiss albino male mice. The antibacterial activity was performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical strains by agar well diffusion method. The in vitro antiviral activity was carried out against camelpox and buffalopox viruses. The analgesic activity exhibited by the compounds 4a, 4c and 4d were found to be more significant compared to the standard. The bacterial activity was determined by the inhibition of growth of the organism by the drugs at different concentrations. All the compounds showed significant activity when compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. The in vitro antiviral activity of the compound 4b tested against camelpox and buffalopox viruses revealed no activity when tested at concentrations of 250 μg. The compound 4b did not alter the titres of both the viruses and the titres remain, respectively, 106.5 TCID50 and 106.74 TCID50 per ml for camelpox vaccine virus and buffalopox vaccine virus. However, the compounds 4a-e showed significant analgesic and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raghavendra
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga-577 451, India
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Cristani M, Raghavendra R, Del Bue A, Murino V. Human behavior analysis in video surveillance: A Social Signal Processing perspective. Neurocomputing 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Raghavendra R, Neelagund SE. Biochemical characterization of novel bioactive protein from silkworm (Bombyx mori L) fecal matter. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1002-14. [PMID: 22328263 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, complete purification and biochemical characterization of protein is presented. The protein was purified by using Sephadex G-75 gel filtration column followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in a C18 column. The molecular weight of the protein was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Protein was fragmented by trypsin based on the m/z values obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. The peptide fragments sequence showed homology with DEAD-box-ATP-dependent RNA helicase 45, present in a public domain, National Centre for Biotechnology Information. The protein exhibited antibacterial activity against selected Gram +/- bacteria. The analgesic activity was determined by conducting acetic-acid-induced writhing test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raghavendra
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577451, India
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Raghavendra R. Robust Algorithms for a Multimodal Biometric System Using Palmprint and Speech. Journal of Intelligent Systems 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/jisys.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Raghavendra R, Rao A, Kumar GH. Multisensor biometric evidence fusion of face and palmprint for person authentication using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO). IJBM 2010. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbm.2010.030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prasad NS, Raghavendra R, Lokesh BR, Naidu KA. Spice phenolics inhibit human PMNL 5-lipoxygenase. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 70:521-8. [PMID: 15120715 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in spices possess potent antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. We examined whether 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme involved in biosynthesis of leukotrienes is a possible target for the spices. Effect of aqueous extracts of turmeric, cloves, pepper, chili, cinnamon, onion and also their respective active principles viz., curcumin, eugenol, piperine, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, quercetin, and allyl sulfide were tested on human PMNL 5-LO activity by spectrophotomeric and HPLC methods. The formation of 5-LO product 5-HETE was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 0.122-1.44 mg for aqueous extracts of spices and 25-83 microM for active principles, respectively. The order of inhibitory activity was of quercetin>eugenol>curcumin>cinnamaldehyde>piperine>capsaicin>allyl sulfide. Quercetin, eugenol and curcumin with one or more phenolic ring and methoxy groups in their structure showed high inhibitory effect, while the non-phenolic spice principle allyl sulfide showed least inhibitory effect on 5-LO. The inhibitory effect of quercetin, curcumin and eugenol was similar to that of synthetic 5-LO inhibitors-phenidone and NDGA. Moreover, the inhibitory potency of aqueous extracts of spice correlated with the active principles of their respective spices. The synergistic or antagonistic effect of mixtures of spice active principles and spice extracts were investigated and all the combinations of spice active principles/extracts exerted synergistic effect in inhibiting 5-LO activity. These findings clearly suggest that phenolic compounds present in spices might have physiological role in modulating 5-LO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Satya Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 013, India
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Biswas J, Raghavendra R, Ratra V, Krishnakumar S, Gopal L, Shanmugam MP. Diffuse malignant melanoma of the choroid simulating metastatic tumour in the choroid. Indian J Ophthalmol 2000; 48:137-40. [PMID: 11116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of diffuse choroidal melanoma in a 51-year-old patient presenting as a yellow subretinal mass with secondary retinal detachment. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biswas
- Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
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