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Venkateshappa R, Hunter DV, Muralidharan P, Nagalingam RS, Huen G, Faizi S, Luthra S, Lin E, Cheng YM, Hughes J, Khelifi R, Dhunna DP, Johal R, Sergeev V, Shafaattalab S, Julian LM, Poburko DT, Laksman Z, Tibbits GF, Claydon TW. Targeted activation of human ether-à-go-go-related gene channels rescues electrical instability induced by the R56Q+/- long QT syndrome variant. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2522-2535. [PMID: 37739930 PMCID: PMC10676460 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2) is associated with inherited variants in the cardiac human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channel. However, the pathogenicity of hERG channel gene variants is often uncertain. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), we investigated the pathogenic mechanism underlying the LQTS-associated hERG R56Q variant and its phenotypic rescue by using the Type 1 hERG activator, RPR260243. METHODS AND RESULTS The above approaches enable characterization of the unclear causative mechanism of arrhythmia in the R56Q variant (an N-terminal PAS domain mutation that primarily accelerates channel deactivation) and translational investigation of the potential for targeted pharmacologic manipulation of hERG deactivation. Using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology of single hiPSC-CMs, programmed electrical stimulation showed that the hERG R56Q variant does not significantly alter the mean action potential duration (APD90). However, the R56Q variant increases the beat-to-beat variability in APD90 during pacing at constant cycle lengths, enhances the variance of APD90 during rate transitions, and increases the incidence of 2:1 block. During paired S1-S2 stimulations measuring electrical restitution properties, the R56Q variant was also found to increase the variability in rise time and duration of the response to premature stimulations. Application of the hERG channel activator, RPR260243, reduces the APD variance in hERG R56Q hiPSC-CMs, reduces the variability in responses to premature stimulations, and increases the post-repolarization refractoriness. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we propose that the hERG R56Q variant leads to heterogeneous APD dynamics, which could result in spatial dispersion of repolarization and increased risk for re-entry without significantly affecting the average APD90. Furthermore, our data highlight the antiarrhythmic potential of targeted slowing of hERG deactivation gating, which we demonstrate increases protection against premature action potentials and reduces electrical heterogeneity in hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Venkateshappa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Diana V Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Priya Muralidharan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Galvin Huen
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Shoaib Faizi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Shreya Luthra
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Yen May Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Julia Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Rania Khelifi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Daman Parduman Dhunna
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Raj Johal
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Valentine Sergeev
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Lisa M Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Damon T Poburko
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Tom W Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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Nagalingam RS, Chattopadhyaya S, Al-Hattab DS, Cheung DYC, Schwartz LY, Jana S, Aroutiounova N, Ledingham DA, Moffatt TL, Landry NM, Bagchi RA, Dixon IMC, Wigle JT, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z, Jassal DS, Czubryt MP. Scleraxis and fibrosis in the pressure-overloaded heart. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4739-4750. [PMID: 36200607 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In response to pro-fibrotic signals, scleraxis regulates cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro via transcriptional control of key fibrosis genes such as collagen and fibronectin; however, its role in vivo is unknown. The present study assessed the impact of scleraxis loss on fibroblast activation, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in pressure overload-induced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Scleraxis expression was upregulated in the hearts of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients, and in mice subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Tamoxifen-inducible fibroblast-specific scleraxis knockout (Scx-fKO) completely attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and significantly improved cardiac systolic function and ventricular remodelling, following TAC compared to Scx+/+ TAC mice, concomitant with attenuation of fibroblast activation. Scleraxis deletion, after the establishment of cardiac fibrosis, attenuated the further functional decline observed in Scx+/+ mice, with a reduction in cardiac myofibroblasts. Notably, scleraxis knockout reduced pressure overload-induced mortality from 33% to zero, without affecting the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Scleraxis directly regulated transcription of the myofibroblast marker periostin, and cardiac fibroblasts lacking scleraxis failed to upregulate periostin synthesis and secretion in response to pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor β. CONCLUSION Scleraxis governs fibroblast activation in pressure overload-induced heart failure, and scleraxis knockout attenuated fibrosis and improved cardiac function and survival. These findings identify scleraxis as a viable target for the development of novel anti-fibrotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sikta Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danah S Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Y C Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Leah Y Schwartz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nina Aroutiounova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - D Allison Ledingham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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3
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Chattopadhyaya S, Nagalingam RS, Narhan P, Ledingham DA, Moffatt TL, Czubryt MP. Scleraxis is Required for Induction of GLS1 Expression in Cardiac Myofibroblasts. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikta Chattopadhyaya
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
| | - Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
| | - Pavit Narhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
| | - Dayna A. Ledingham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMB
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4
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Chattopadhyaya S, Nagalingam RS, Ledingham DA, Moffatt TL, Al-Hattab DS, Narhan P, Stecy MT, O’Hara KA, Czubryt MP. Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblast GLS1 Expression by Scleraxis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091471. [PMID: 35563778 PMCID: PMC9101234 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an energy-intensive process requiring the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Little is known about the transcriptional control of energy metabolism in cardiac fibroblast activation, but glutaminolysis has been implicated in liver and lung fibrosis. Here we explored how pro-fibrotic TGFβ and its effector scleraxis, which drive cardiac fibroblast activation, regulate genes involved in glutaminolysis, particularly the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase (GLS1). The GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 attenuated TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Cardiac fibroblast activation to myofibroblasts by scleraxis overexpression increased glutaminolysis gene expression, including GLS1, while cardiac fibroblasts from scleraxis-null mice showed reduced expression. TGFβ induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFβ was lost. The knockdown of scleraxis in activated cardiac fibroblasts reduced GLS1 expression by 75%. Scleraxis transactivated the human GLS1 promoter in luciferase reporter assays, and this effect was dependent on a key scleraxis-binding E-box motif. These results implicate scleraxis-mediated GLS1 expression as a key regulator of glutaminolysis in cardiac fibroblast activation, and blocking scleraxis in this process may provide a means of starving fibroblasts of the energy required for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikta Chattopadhyaya
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - D. Allison Ledingham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Pavit Narhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Matthew T. Stecy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3719
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5
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Aghanoori MR, Agarwal P, Gauvin E, Nagalingam RS, Bonomo R, Yathindranath V, Smith DR, Hai Y, Lee S, Jolivalt CG, Calcutt NA, Jones MJ, Czubryt MP, Miller DW, Dolinsky VW, Mansuy-Aubert V, Fernyhough P. CEBPβ regulation of endogenous IGF-1 in adult sensory neurons can be mobilized to overcome diabetes-induced deficits in bioenergetics and axonal outgrowth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:193. [PMID: 35298717 PMCID: PMC8930798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling has been proposed as a contributing factor to the development of neurodegenerative disorders including diabetic neuropathy, and delivery of exogenous IGF-1 has been explored as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 in neuroprotection has not been well established. We therefore used in vitro cell culture systems and animal models of diabetic neuropathy to characterize endogenous IGF-1 in sensory neurons and determine the factors regulating IGF-1 expression and/or affecting neuronal health. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and in situ hybridization analyses revealed high expression of endogenous IGF-1 in non-peptidergic neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Brain cortex and DRG had higher IGF-1 gene expression than sciatic nerve. Bidirectional transport of IGF-1 along sensory nerves was observed. Despite no difference in IGF-1 receptor levels, IGF-1 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in liver and DRG from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, mice on a high-fat/ high-sugar diet and db/db type 2 diabetic mice. Hyperglycemia suppressed IGF-1 gene expression in cultured DRG neurons and this was reversed by exogenous IGF-1 or the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil. Transcription factors, such as NFAT1 and CEBPβ, were also less enriched at the IGF-1 promoter in DRG from diabetic rats vs control rats. CEBPβ overexpression promoted neurite outgrowth and mitochondrial respiration, both of which were blunted by knocking down or blocking IGF-1. Suppression of endogenous IGF-1 in diabetes may contribute to neuropathy and its upregulation at the transcriptional level by CEBPβ can be a promising therapeutic approach.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Axons/drug effects
- Axons/metabolism
- Axons/pathology
- Base Sequence
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycolysis/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Neuronal Outgrowth/drug effects
- Polymers/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Dept of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evan Gauvin
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Raiza Bonomo
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Vinith Yathindranath
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darrell R Smith
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Meaghan J Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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6
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Zhu A, Bews H, Cheung D, Nagalingam RS, Mittal I, Goyal V, Asselin CY, Kirkpatrick IDC, Czubryt MP, Jassal DS. Scleraxis as a prognostic marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SPARC) study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:459-465. [PMID: 32027517 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is a histopathological hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases, are overexpressed in HCM patients, they do not correlate with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether scleraxis, a transcription factor that regulates collagen gene expression, is detectable in HCM patients and correlates with disease burden. Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 46 HCM patients were enrolled (58 ± 14 years (31 males, 15 females)) with a mean 5 year SCD risk of 2.3% ± 1.3%. Cardiac MRI confirmed HCM in all patients with a mean interventricular septal thickness of 20 ± 2 mm. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was present in 32 (70%) study participants occupying 18% ± 7% of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium. Serum scleraxis levels were significantly higher in the HCM patients by approximately twofold as compared to controls (0.76 ± 0.06 versus 0.32 ± 0.02 ng/mL, p < 0.05). No correlation was demonstrated between serum scleraxis levels and markers of disease severity in HCM patients, including maximum LV wall thickness, %LGE, and SCD risk factors. Serum scleraxis is elevated in the HCM population. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic value of scleraxis in identifying high-risk HCM patients who require aggressive management for prevention of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Hilary Bews
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - David Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Ishika Mittal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Vineet Goyal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Chantal Y Asselin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Iain D C Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Nagalingam RS, Cheung DY, Aroutiounova N, Jassal DS, Czubryt MP. Abstract 825: Attenuation of Cardiac Fibrosis by Scleraxis Gene Deletion Improves Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant independent risk factor for heart failure with increasing incidence. The fibrotic myocardium shows increased arrhythmogenesis, and poor pumping and relaxation due to greater tissue stiffness. A critical step in this process is the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which are responsible for excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production; limiting this conversion may reduce fibrosis and restore cardiac function. We previously reported that the transcription factor scleraxis, following mechanical stretch or TGFβ signaling, is both sufficient and necessary to convert fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by direct transcriptional control of myofibroblast genes including collagens, α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. In a pressure overload transverse aorta constriction (TAC) mouse model analyzed by echocardiography, we found that fibroblast-specific scleraxis gene deletion prior to TAC using a tamoxifen-inducible TCF21-Cre/loxP approach attenuated both systolic (LV ejection fraction, fractional shortening) and diastolic (early and late filling velocity) dysfunction, as well as chamber dilation, despite persistent hypertrophy. Functional improvement was matched by an almost complete attenuation of cardiac fibrosis (Masson’s trichrome; qPCR and western blots for fibrillar collagens and ED-A fibronectin). Scleraxis deletion also prevented induction of the myofibroblast marker periostin, suggesting a failure of scleraxis-null fibroblasts to convert to myofibroblasts. We next tested if scleraxis deletion 4 weeks post-TAC could reverse subsequent remodeling at 8 weeks post-TAC. Adverse remodeling occurred in all animals 4 weeks post-TAC (prior to scleraxis deletion), but cardiac function and chamber dimensions subsequently declined further in scleraxis-intact animals, while scleraxis-deleted animals showed preserved or improved cardiac function and morphology. Our results demonstrate that scleraxis is required for the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis, and that reducing fibrosis alone improves cardiac performance and morphology even in the presence of persistent pressure overload. Scleraxis is thus an important target for anti-fibrotic therapy development.
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Koleini N, Nickel BE, Nagalingam RS, Landry NM, Fandrich RR, Dixon IM, Czubryt M, Cattini PA, Kardami E. Abstract 838: High Molecular Weight FGF2 Contributes to Pressure Overload Induced Systolic Dysfunction by a Mechanism Associated With Modulation of the NR1D1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor Expression. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is implicated in normal cardiac development as well as cardiac pathophysiology; however, FGF2 exist as multiple high and low molecular weight isoforms. While endogenous low molecular weight FGF2 (Lo-FGF2) is cardioprotective during chronic stress, the more prevalent endogenous high molecular weight FGF2 (Hi-FGF2) is proposed to promote maladaptive cardiac remodeling. We have investigated the hypothesis that genetic elimination of Hi-FGF attenuates cardiac dysfunction in mice that have been subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).
Two groups of male C57BL/6mice were compared: (1) Wild type (WT) mice, expressing Hi- and Lo-FGF2 (FGF[WT] mice); and (2) Hi-FGF2 knock-out mice, expressing only Lo-FGF2 (FGF[Lo] mice). Echocardiographic assessment of heart function and dimensions was done at baseline and then 4 and 8 weeks after TAC or sham surgery. FGF[WT] mice displayed a decline in systolic function compared to their corresponding sham animals at 4- and 8-weeks post-TAC, which was absent in the FGF[Lo] mice. Relative levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker of cardiac pathology severity, were elevated in FGF[WT] but not FGF[Lo] mice compared to shams. Increased accumulation of the pro-cell death protein BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein-3 was more pronounced in the FGF(WT) compared to FGF(Lo) mice, post TAC. Microarray analysis of the whole transcriptome of hearts in FGF2[WT] and FGF2[Lo] mice indicated the pathway linked to circadian rhythm as a candidate for the most significant differentially regulated. Specifically, upregulation of the circadian rhythm master regulator, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (NR1D1), was validated by qPCR and protein immunoblotting in FGF[Lo] mice versus downregulation of NR1D1in FGF[WT] mice post-TAC, when compared to their sham operated littermates.
Taken together these studies suggest that expression of Hi-FGF2 contributes to cardiac systolic dysfunction in left ventricular pressure overloaded WT mice by downregulation of Nr1D1, post-TAC.
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Abstract
Fibroblasts have long been recognized as important stromal cells, playing key roles in synthesizing and maintaining the extracellular matrix, but historically were treated as a relatively uniform cell type. Studies in recent years have revealed a surprising level of heterogeneity of fibroblasts across tissues, and even within organs such as the skin and heart. This heterogeneity may have functional consequences, including during stress and disease. While the field has moved forward quickly to begin to address the scientific import of this heterogeneity, the descriptive language used for these cells has not kept pace, particularly when considering the phenotype changes that occur as fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts in response to injury. We discuss here the nature and sources of the heterogeneity of fibroblasts, and review how our understanding of the complexity of the fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype conversion has changed with increasing scrutiny. We propose that the time is opportune to reevaluate how we name and describe these cells, particularly as they transition to myofibroblasts through discrete stages. A standardized nomenclature is essential to address the confusion that currently exists in the literature as to the usage of terms like myofibroblast and the description of fibroblast phenotype changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Czubryt MP, Nagalingam RS, Schwartz LY, Al‐Hattab DS, Aroutiounova N. The transcriptional regulation of periostin by scleraxis in cardiac myofibroblasts. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.532.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Leah Y Schwartz
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Danah S Al‐Hattab
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Nina Aroutiounova
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
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Al-Hattab DS, Safi HA, Nagalingam RS, Bagchi RA, Stecy MT, Czubryt MP. Scleraxis regulates Twist1 and Snai1 expression in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H658-H668. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00092.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological events, from organ development to cancer and fibrosis, are characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby adherent epithelial cells convert to migratory mesenchymal cells. During cardiac development, proepicardial organ epithelial cells undergo EMT to generate fibroblasts. Subsequent stress or damage induces further phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, causing fibrosis via synthesis of an excessive extracellular matrix. We have previously shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is both sufficient and necessary for the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and found that scleraxis knockout reduced cardiac fibroblast numbers by 50%, possibly via EMT attenuation. Scleraxis induced expression of the EMT transcriptional regulators Twist1 and Snai1 via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that scleraxis binds to E-box consensus sequences within the Twist1 and Snai1 promoters to transactivate these genes directly. Scleraxis upregulates expression of both genes in A549 epithelial cells and in cardiac myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-β induces EMT, fibrosis, and scleraxis expression, and we found that transforming growth factor-β-mediated upregulation of Twist1 and Snai1 completely depends on the presence of scleraxis. Snai1 knockdown upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin; however, this effect was lost after scleraxis overexpression, suggesting that scleraxis may repress E-cadherin expression. Together, these results indicate that scleraxis can regulate EMT via direct transactivation of the Twist1 and Snai1 genes. Given the role of scleraxis in also driving the myofibroblast phenotype, scleraxis appears to be a critical controller of fibroblast genesis and fate in the myocardium and thus may play key roles in wound healing and fibrosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The molecular mechanism by which the transcription factor scleraxis mediates Twist1 and Snai1 gene expression was determined. These results reveal a novel means of transcriptional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is dependent on scleraxis, providing a potential target for controlling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hamza A. Safi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rushita A. Bagchi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew T. Stecy
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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12
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Nagalingam RS, Safi HA, Al-Hattab DS, Bagchi RA, Landry NM, Dixon IMC, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP. Regulation of cardiac fibroblast MMP2 gene expression by scleraxis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 120:64-73. [PMID: 29750994 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the cardiac extracellular matrix is responsible for a number of the detrimental effects on heart function that arise secondary to hypertension, diabetes and myocardial infarction. This remodeling consists both of an increase in new matrix protein synthesis, and an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade existing matrix structures. Previous studies utilizing knockout mice have demonstrated clearly that MMP2 plays a pathogenic role during matrix remodeling, thus it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate MMP2 gene expression. We have shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is an important inducer of extracellular matrix gene expression in the heart that may also control MMP2 expression. In the present study, we demonstrate that scleraxis directly transactivates the proximal MMP2 gene promoter, resulting in increased histone acetylation, and identify a specific E-box sequence in the promoter to which scleraxis binds. Cardiac myo-fibroblasts isolated from scleraxis knockout mice exhibited dramatically decreased MMP2 expression; however, scleraxis over-expression in knockout cells could rescue this loss. We further show that regulation of MMP2 gene expression by the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ occurs via a scleraxis-dependent mechanism: TGFβ induces recruitment of scleraxis to the MMP2 promoter, and TGFβ was unable to up-regulate MMP2 expression in cells lacking scleraxis due to either gene knockdown or knockout. These results reveal that scleraxis can exert control over both extracellular matrix synthesis and breakdown, and thus may contribute to matrix remodeling in wound healing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hamza A Safi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danah S Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Nagalingam RS, Sundaresan NR, Gupta MP, Geenen DL, Solaro RJ, Gupta M. A cardiac-enriched microRNA, miR-378, blocks cardiac hypertrophy by targeting Ras signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5123. [PMID: 28341711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a112.442384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Nagalingam RS, Sundaresan NR, Noor M, Gupta MP, Solaro RJ, Gupta M. Deficiency of cardiomyocyte-specific microRNA-378 contributes to the development of cardiac fibrosis involving a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1)-dependent paracrine mechanism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5124. [PMID: 28341712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a114.580977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Roche PL, Nagalingam RS, Bagchi RA, Aroutiounova N, Belisle BMJ, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP. Role of scleraxis in mechanical stretch-mediated regulation of cardiac myofibroblast phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C297-307. [PMID: 27357547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Numerous triggers of this conversion process have been identified, including plating of cells on solid substrates, cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β, and mechanical stretch; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Recent studies from our laboratory revealed that the transcription factor scleraxis is a key regulator of cardiac fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix expression. Here we report that mechanical stretch induces type I collagen expression and morphological changes indicative of cardiac myofibroblast conversion, as well as scleraxis expression via activation of the scleraxis promoter. Scleraxis causes phenotypic changes similar to stretch, and the effect of stretch is attenuated in scleraxis null cells. Scleraxis was also sufficient to upregulate expression of vinculin and F-actin, to induce stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, and to attenuate both cell migration and proliferation, further evidence of scleraxis-mediated regulation of fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion. Together, these data confirm that scleraxis is sufficient to promote the myofibroblast phenotype and is a required effector of stretch-mediated conversion. Scleraxis may thus represent a potential target for the development of novel antifibrotic therapies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Roche
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Nina Aroutiounova
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Breanna M J Belisle
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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Nagalingam RS, Sundaresan NR, Noor M, Gupta MP, Solaro RJ, Gupta M. Deficiency of cardiomyocyte-specific microRNA-378 contributes to the development of cardiac fibrosis involving a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1)-dependent paracrine mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27199-27215. [PMID: 25104350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of cardiac fibrosis is critical for controlling adverse cardiac remodeling during heart failure. Previously we identified miR-378 as a cardiomyocyte-abundant miRNA down-regulated in several experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy and in patients with heart failure. To understand the consequence of miR-378 down-regulation during cardiac remodeling, our current study employed a locked nucleic acid-modified antimiR to target miR-378 in vivo. Results showed development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in mouse hearts. Mechanistically, miR-378 depletion was found to induce TGFβ1 expression in mouse hearts and in cultured cardiomyocytes. Among various secreted cytokines in the conditioned-media of miR-378-depleted cardiomyocytes, only TGFβ1 levels were found to be increased. The increase was prevented by miR-378 expression. Treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with the conditioned media of miR-378-depleted myocytes activated pSMAD2/3 and induced fibrotic gene expression. This effect was counteracted by including a TGFβ1-neutralizing antibody in the conditioned-medium. In cardiomyocytes, adenoviruses expressing dominant negative N-Ras or c-Jun prevented antimiR-mediated induction of TGFβ1 mRNA, documenting the importance of Ras and AP-1 signaling in this response. Our study demonstrates that reduction of miR-378 during pathological conditions contributes to cardiac remodeling by promoting paracrine release of profibrotic cytokine, TGFβ1 from cardiomyocytes. Our data imply that the presence in cardiomyocyte of miR-378 plays a critical role in the protection of neighboring fibroblasts from activation by pro-fibrotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | | | - Mariam Noor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and.
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Davis RT, Nagalingam RS, Noor M, Wang DZ, Wolska BM, Solaro R, Gupta M. Abstract 40: Genetic Deletion Of Mir-208a Induces Pathological Remodeling And Heart Failure. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
miR-208a, a small non-coding RNA expressed only in the heart, has a profound influence on cardiac gene expression. It has been previously demonstrated that genetic deletion of miR-208a does not affect viability or induce gross morphological heart defects, suggesting it is not required for normal cardiac growth and function (van Rooij et al., 2007; Callis et al., 2009). However, recent data from our lab indicate that miR-208a knock-out (KO) mice (developed in the laboratory of Da-Zhi Wang and subsequently maintained by inbreeding) display gross morphological cardiac abnormalities and dramatically reduced survival. Therefore, this investigation sought out to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for the maladaptive growth.
Methods:
Wild-type (WT) and miR-208a KO littermate mice (3-5 mon old) were used for this investigation. Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography, cardiac fibrosis by collagen fiber staining, and gene expression by real-time PCR and Western blotting. We also measured basal Ca2+ transients and unloaded cell shortening in isolated mouse ventricular myocytes.
Results:
We observed KO mice have significantly lower survival rates, developed marked cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and have significantly reduced cardiac function. Compared to WT controls, cardiomyocytes from KO mice exhibited a significantly lower percent of cell shortening, slower rates of relaxation and contraction, lower amplitude, and slower kinetics (tau) of Ca2+ transients. Additionally, there was a reduced phosphorylation of phospholamban (Ser16) in miR-208 KO mice indicating a lower Ca2+ affinity of the SR Ca2+-ATPase.
Conclusions:
These data provide evidence that the observed reduction in cardiac function in miR-208a KO mice is likely due, in part, to alterations in cellular Ca2+ fluxes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate genetic deletion of miR-208a induces a maladaptive phenotype at baseline. Our findings indicate the importance of considering variables such as genetic/environmental constraints when perturbing the expression of the miR-208a in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Children's Hosp Boston-Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
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Nagalingam RS, Sundaresan NR, Gupta MP, Geenen DL, Solaro RJ, Gupta M. A cardiac-enriched microRNA, miR-378, blocks cardiac hypertrophy by targeting Ras signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11216-32. [PMID: 23447532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.442384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of cardiomyocyte growth is crucial for the management of adverse ventricular remodeling and heart failure. MicroRNA-378 (miR-378) is a newly described member of the cardiac-enriched miRNAs, which is expressed only in cardiac myocytes and not in cardiac fibroblasts. We have previously shown that miR-378 regulates cardiac growth during the postnatal period by direct targeting of IGF1R (Knezevic, I., Patel, A., Sundaresan, N. R., Gupta, M. P., Solaro, R. J., Nagalingam, R. S., and Gupta, M. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 12913-12926). Here, we report that miR-378 is an endogenous negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, and its levels are down-regulated during hypertrophic growth of the heart and during heart failure. In primary cultures of cardiomyocytes, overexpression of miR-378 blocked phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated Ras activity and also prevented activation of two major growth-promoting signaling pathways, PI3K-AKT and Raf1-MEK1-ERK1/2, acting downstream of Ras signaling. Overexpression of miR-378 suppressed PE-induced phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal kinase, pERK1/2, pAKT, pGSK-3β, and nuclear accumulation of NFAT. There was also suppression of the fetal gene program that was induced by PE. Experiments carried out to delineate the mechanism behind the suppression of Ras, led us to identify Grb2, an upstream component of Ras signaling, as a bona fide direct target of miR-378-mediated regulation. Deficiency of miR-378 alone was sufficient to induce fetal gene expression, which was prevented by knocking down Grb2 expression and blocking Ras activation, thus suggesting that miR-378 interferes with Ras activation by targeting Grb2. Our study demonstrates that miR-378 is an endogenous negative regulator of Ras signaling and cardiac hypertrophy and its deficiency contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Knezevic I, Patel A, Sundaresan NR, Gupta MP, Solaro RJ, Nagalingam RS, Gupta M. A novel cardiomyocyte-enriched microRNA, miR-378, targets insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: implications in postnatal cardiac remodeling and cell survival. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12913-26. [PMID: 22367207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.331751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal cardiac remodeling is characterized by a marked decrease in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) expression. The underlying mechanism remains unexplored. This study examined the role of microRNAs in postnatal cardiac remodeling. By expression profiling, we observed a 10-fold increase in miR-378 expression in 1-week-old neonatal mouse hearts compared with 16-day-old fetal hearts. There was also a 4-6-fold induction in expression of miR-378 in older (10 months) compared with younger (1 month) hearts. Interestingly, tissue distribution analysis identified miR-378 to be highly abundant in heart and skeletal muscles. In the heart, specific expression was observed in cardiac myocytes, which was inducible by a variety of stressors. Overexpression of miR-378 enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by direct targeting of IGF1R and reduced signaling in Akt cascade. The inhibition of miR-378 by its anti-miR protected cardiomyocytes against H(2)O(2) and hypoxia reoxygenation-induced cell death by promoting IGF1R expression and downstream Akt signaling cascade. Additionally, our data show that miR-378 expression is inhibited by IGF1 in cardiomyocytes. In tissues such as fibroblasts and fetal hearts, where IGF1 levels are high, we found either absent or significantly low miR-378 levels, suggesting an inverse relationship between these two factors. Our study identifies miR-378 as a new cardioabundant microRNA that targets IGF1R. We also demonstrate the existence of a negative feedback loop between miR-378, IGF1R, and IGF1 that is associated with postnatal cardiac remodeling and with the regulation of cardiomyocyte survival during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Knezevic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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