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Parikh M, Hirst BC, O’Hara KA, Maddaford TG, Austria JA, Stamenkovic A, Yu L, Kura B, Garg B, Netticadan T, Proctor SD, Pierce GN. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:466. [PMID: 38398791 PMCID: PMC10892801 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a significant cause of chronic liver disease, presents a considerable public health concern. Despite this, there is currently no treatment available. This study aimed to investigate dietary flaxseed in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat strain model of NAFLD. Both obese male and female rats were studied along with their lean counterparts after 12 weeks of ingestion of a control diet, or control diet with flaxseed, or high fat, high sucrose (HFHS), or HFHS plus flaxseed. Obese rats showed higher liver weight and increased levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and saturated fatty acid, which were further elevated in rats on the HFHS diet. The HFHS diet induced a significant two-fold elevation in the plasma levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the obese male and female rats. Including flaxseed in the HFHS diet significantly lowered liver weight, depressed the plasma levels of both enzymes in the obese male rats, and reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content as well as improving the fatty acid profile. In summary, including flaxseed in the diet of male and female obese rats led to an improved lipid composition in the liver and significantly reduced biomarkers of tissue injury despite consuming a HFHS chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Broderick C. Hirst
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thane G. Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - J. Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bhavana Garg
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada;
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Chattopadhyaya S, Nagalingam RS, Ledingham DA, Moffatt TL, Al-Hattab DS, Narhan P, Stecy MT, O’Hara KA, Czubryt MP. Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblast GLS1 Expression by Scleraxis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091471. [PMID: 35563778 PMCID: PMC9101234 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an energy-intensive process requiring the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Little is known about the transcriptional control of energy metabolism in cardiac fibroblast activation, but glutaminolysis has been implicated in liver and lung fibrosis. Here we explored how pro-fibrotic TGFβ and its effector scleraxis, which drive cardiac fibroblast activation, regulate genes involved in glutaminolysis, particularly the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase (GLS1). The GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 attenuated TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Cardiac fibroblast activation to myofibroblasts by scleraxis overexpression increased glutaminolysis gene expression, including GLS1, while cardiac fibroblasts from scleraxis-null mice showed reduced expression. TGFβ induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFβ was lost. The knockdown of scleraxis in activated cardiac fibroblasts reduced GLS1 expression by 75%. Scleraxis transactivated the human GLS1 promoter in luciferase reporter assays, and this effect was dependent on a key scleraxis-binding E-box motif. These results implicate scleraxis-mediated GLS1 expression as a key regulator of glutaminolysis in cardiac fibroblast activation, and blocking scleraxis in this process may provide a means of starving fibroblasts of the energy required for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikta Chattopadhyaya
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - D. Allison Ledingham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Pavit Narhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Matthew T. Stecy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.C.); (R.S.N.); (D.A.L.); (T.L.M.); (D.S.A.-H.); (P.N.); (M.T.S.); (K.A.O.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3719
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, Moffatt TL, Wigle JT, Wigle TJ, Netticadan T, Premecz S, Jassal DS, O’Hara KA, Duhamel TA. Exercise-induced increases in the expression and activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 is attenuated in AMPKα2kinase-dead mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:786-795. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) function through unknown mechanisms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the positive effects of exercise on SERCA2a expression and function in the left ventricle is dependent on adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 function. AMPKα2kinase-dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress inactivated AMPKα2subunit, and wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice were randomized into sedentary groups or groups with access to running wheels. After 5 months, exercised KD mice exhibited shortened deceleration time compared with sedentary KD mice. In left ventricular tissue, the ratio of phosphorylated AMPKαThr172:total AMPKα was 65% lower (P < 0.05) in KD mice compared with WT mice. The left ventricle of KD mice had 37% lower levels of SERCA2a compared with WT mice. Although exercise increased SERCA2a protein levels in WT mice by 53%, this response of exercise was abolished in exercised KD mice. Exercise training reduced total phospholamban protein content by 23% in both the WT and KD mice but remained 20% higher overall in KD mice. Collectively, these data suggest that AMPKα influences SERCA2a and phospholamban protein content in the sedentary and exercised heart, and that exercise-induced changes in SERCA2a protein are dependent on AMPKα function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P. Morissette
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shanel E. Susser
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Andrew N. Stammers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2E 3N4, Canada
| | - Theodore J. Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G7, Canada
| | - Sheena Premecz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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O’Hara KA, Wu X, Patel D, Liang H, Yalowich JC, Chen N, Goodfellow V, Adedayo O, Dmitrienko GI, Hasinoff BB. Mechanism of the cytotoxicity of the diazoparaquinone antitumor antibiotic kinamycin F. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1132-44. [PMID: 17854709 PMCID: PMC2753228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial metabolite kinamycin F, which is being investigated as a potent antitumor agent, contains an unusual and potentially reactive diazo group, a paraquinone, and a phenol functional group. Kinamycin F reacted with glutathione (GSH) in a complex series of reactions which suggested that kinamycin F may have its cytotoxicity modulated by GSH. Consistent with this idea, 2-oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid treatment to increase cellular GSH levels and buthionine sulfoximine treatment to decrease GSH levels resulted in decreased and increased kinamycin F cytotoxicity, respectively, in K562 leukemia cells. Kinamycin F weakly bound to DNA and induced DNA damage in K562 cells that was independent of GSH levels. The GSH-promoted DNA nicking induced by kinamycin F in vitro was attenuated by deferoxamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, and catalase, which indicated that DNA damage initiated by this agent occurred in an iron-, hydrogen-peroxide-, and hydroxyl-radical-dependent manner. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments showed that the GSH/kinamycin F system produced a semiquinone free radical and that the hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase/kinamycin F system generated a phenoxyl free radical. In conclusion, the results indicated that kinamycin F cytotoxicity may be due to reductive and/or peroxidative activation to produce DNA-and protein-damaging species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xing Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Daywin Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hong Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Valery Goodfellow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Otunola Adedayo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Gary I. Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian B. Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dr. Brian Hasinoff, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada, Tel: + 1 204 474 8325; fax: + 1 204 474 7617,
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