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Inayat I, Batool AI, Rehman MFU, Ahmad KR, Kanwal MA, Ali R, Khalid R, Habib SS. Seasonal Variation and Association of Heavy Metals in the Vital Organs of Edible Fishes from the River Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1203-1211. [PMID: 37335443 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of heavy metals are drastic, including accumulation. Fish species are important bio-indicators of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. The current study aimed to assess the seasonal variation of heavy metals in the vital organs of mostly consumed fishes in River Jhelum, Pakistan. Samples of fish, including Wallago attu (Malhi), Rita rita (Khagga), and Mystus seenghala (Singhari), were collected from four different sites, i.e., Khushab, Muhammad Wala (M. Wala), 8.R.D and Rasool barrage during summer and winter seasons. Heavy metals such as iron (Fe), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and Cadmium (Cd) were estimated through acid digestion and spectrometric analysis. Results showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) amount of these metals in the liver, followed by the kidneys of fish species. There were seasonal variations in the absorption of these metals as well. Cr (11.71) and Fe (58.66) were detected in higher amounts in Khagga which showed the greatest affinity for certain metals in some cases. In contrast, Singhari showed the greatest affinity to other metals in other cases. Comparative analysis revealed that there was a highly significant (P < 0.05) difference for the accumulation of almost all metals in both seasons and summer had the highest concentration of Cd, Pb, Co, Cr and Fe as compared to winter in all four sampling stations in the case of kidney and liver of all the three fishes. Elevated levels of heavy metals were detected in the summer due to increased temperature. Heavy metals found in the River Jhelum may demonstrate that metals can significantly affect the fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Khalid
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Sumera A, Sundram ER, Kwa SK, Khalid R, Devi S, Majeed ZA, Jafaar S. Full blood count values in adolescents and its comparison by gender and ethnicity in Seremban district, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2022; 77:433-439. [PMID: 35902932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is when an individual undergoes development and growth. Many studies suggest variations in the number and size of blood cells during this period in various individuals. The full blood count (FBC) is often the starting point of medical investigations, which help diagnose a wide range of illnesses, infections, and diseases. This study aimed to report the mean FBC values and compare them by gender and ethnicity, using blood results from the thalassemia screening programme in Seremban District, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the thalassemia screening programme on Form 4 students aged 15-16 years from January 2018 to October 2018 by the Seremban District Health Office, Malaysia. These students participated in the thalassemia screening programme in which their blood samples were taken for FBC analysis. The data were extracted for this study. RESULTS There were statistically significant gender-based differences for total white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mixed WBC, and platelets. It was also observed that ethnic-specific differences were statistically significant for RBC count, platelets, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume. CONCLUSION This study was able to report the mean FBC values among Malaysian adolescents with respect to their gender and ethnicity, of which there is a lack of published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sumera
- International Medical University, School of medicine, Department of Pathology, Malaysia.
| | - E R Sundram
- Port Dickson District Health Office, Malaysia
| | - S K Kwa
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
| | - R Khalid
- Pegawai Perubatan, Penyelaras Unit Kesihatan Sekolah Daerah Seremban, Malaysia
| | - S Devi
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
| | - Z A Majeed
- International Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Malaysia
| | - S Jafaar
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
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Chatterjee D, Rezwan N, Vernon N, Khalid R, Holman R, Naghibi M, Donnelly S, Gabe S. Monitoring bone mineral density in patients with chronic intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition – a national centre experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ansari B, Altafa J, Ramzan A, Ahmed Z, Khalil S, Qamar SUR, Awan SA, Jehangir K, Khalid R, Aziz S, Sultana T, Sultana S, Alsamadany H, Alshamrani R, Awan FS. Molecular Phylogenetics of Physa acuta (Pulmonata: Basommatophora): an Invasive species in Central Punjab Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246984. [PMID: 34431913 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ansari
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - A Ramzan
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Agriculture, Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security - CAS-AFS, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Science, Department Forestry Range & Wildlife Management, Bagdad Ul Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S U R Qamar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S A Awan
- University of Agriculture, Department of Computer Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K Jehangir
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Khalid
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Aziz
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - T Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - H Alsamadany
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alshamrani
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Awan
- University of Agriculture, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Aziz S, Altaf J, Ramzan A, Ahmed Z, Qamar SUR, Awan SA, Khalil S, Jehangir K, Khalid R, Ansari B, Sultana T, Sultana S, Alsamadany H, Alshamrani R, Awan FS. Characterization of the species of genus Physa on the basis of typological species concept from Central Punjab. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246934. [PMID: 34431912 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; Phylum Mollusca have important position in food web and act as bio indicators, pests and intermediate host. Being resistant these are called cockroaches of malacology. Physid snails were collected from different water bodies of Faisalabad (Punjab) and were identified up to species using morphological markers. The morphometry of the specimens was carried out with the help of a digital Vernier caliper in millimeters (mm) using linear measurement of shell characters. Linear regression analysis of the AL/SW ratio vs AL and SL/SW ratio vs AL indicated that allometric growth exists only in Physa acuta when compared with P.gyrina and P. fontinalis. This study will lead to assess the status of the Physid species in Central Punjab. The Principal component analysis shows that the Component 1 (Shell Length) and component 2 (Shell Width) are the most prolific components and nearly 80 percent of the identification. The distance between P. acuta and P. fontinalis is 5.4699, P. acuta and P. gyrina is 7.6411, P. fontinalis and P. gyrina is 16.6080 showing that P. acuta resembles with P. fontinalis, and both these specimens donot resemble with P. gyrina. P.acuta is an invasive species and shows bioactivity making it a potent candidate for bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aziz
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - J Altaf
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Ramzan
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics; Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S U R Qamar
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S A Awan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Department of Computer Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- The Islamia University Bahawalpur Department Forestry Range & Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Science, Bagdad Ul Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - K Jehangir
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Khalid
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - B Ansari
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - T Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - H Alsamadany
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alshamrani
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Awan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Waters D, Khalid R, Omeire F, Jones B. Greenlight XPS laser Photoselective Vapourization of Prostate (P.V.P.) in high risk patients. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Korir M, Wachira F, Wanyoko J, Ngure R, Khalid R. The fortification of tea with sweeteners and milk and its effect on in vitro antioxidant potential of tea product and glutathione levels in an animal model. Food Chem 2014; 145:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parekh M, Majeed H, Khan T, Khan A, Khalid S, Khwaja N, Khalid R, Khan M, Rizqui I, Jehan I. Fc24-01 - Ego defense mechanisms in pakistani medical students: a cross sectional analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEgo defense mechanisms, defined by Freud as unconscious resources used by the ego to reduce conflict between the id and superego, are a reflection of how an individual deals with conflict and stress. Vaillants’ proposed Hierarchy of Defenses states that mature defenses are associated with better adaptive functioning and health, as opposed to immature defense which are correlated negatively with measures of adaptive adult functioning.ObjectivesThis study assesses the prevalence of various ego defense mechanisms employed by medical students of Karachi, which is a group with higher stress levels than the general population.MethodsA questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on 682 students from five major medical colleges of Karachi in November 2006. Ego defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ-40) individually and as grouped under Mature, Immature, and Neurotic factors.ResultsNeurotic defenses had a higher mean score(5.62) than Mature(5.60) and Immature(4.78) mechanisms. Immature mechanisms were more commonly employed by males whereas females employed more Neurotic mechanisms than males. Neurotic and Immature defenses were significantly more prevalent in first and second year students. Mature mechanisms were significantly higher in students enrolled in Government colleges than Private institutions (p< 0.05).ConclusionsNeurotic mechanisms are more commonly encountered than Mature or Immature mechanisms among medical students of Karachi, and this could reflect greater stress levels than the general population. Employment of these mechanisms was associated with female gender, enrollment in a private medical college, and students enrolled in the first 2 years of medical school.
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El Baaj M, Tabache F, Modden K, Hassikou H, Safi S, Khalid R, Hadri L. La pyomyosite : une complication infectieuse du lupus érythémateux systémique. Rev Med Interne 2010; 31:e4-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mehta C, Masson G, Iqbal Z, O'Mahony F, Khalid R. Prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Public Health 2009; 123:630-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mallick A, Singha H, Khan S, Anwar T, Ansari M, Khalid R, Chaudhuri P, Owais M. Escheriosome-mediated delivery of recombinant ribosomal L7/L12 protein confers protection against murine brucellosis. Vaccine 2007; 25:7873-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jawad F, Zafar MN, Aziz T, Khalid R, Naqvi SAA, Rizvi SAH. Living kidney donation-benefits of a follow up clinic. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2561. [PMID: 14612016 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Jawad
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Zafar MN, Hussain M, Ahmed E, Kazi JI, Hasan AS, Khalid R, Aziz S, Sultan S. Living-related pediatric renal transplants: a single-center experience from a developing country. Pediatr Transplant 2002; 6:101-10. [PMID: 12000464 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.2002.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the results of 75 living-related pediatric renal transplants performed at our center between January 1986 and December 1999. The major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were glomerulonephritis (26%) and nephrolithiasis (16%), while the etiology was unknown in 50%. The mean age of the recipients was 12 yr (range 6-17 yr) and that of the donors was 39 yr (range 20-65 yr). The majority (73%) of donors were parents. Eighty five per cent of donors were one-haplotype matched and the rest identical. Immunosuppression was based on a triple drug regimen. Thirty per cent of recipients were rapid metabolizers of cyclosporin A (CsA) (area under the curve [AUC]: < 6,000 ng/mL/h), while 16% were slow metabolizers (AUC: > 8,000 ng/mL/h). Forty three (57%) children encountered 59 rejection episodes, the majority of which (59%) were recorded in the first month post-transplant. Seventy-four per cent of the rejection episodes were steroid sensitive and the rest, except two, were resolved by therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or orthoclone thymocyte 3 (OKT3). After a mean follow-up of 37 months, 17 (22%) grafts had chronic rejection and 76% of these recipients had previously experienced acute rejection episodes. The overall infection rate was high, necessitating two hospital admissions/patient/year. The majority (53%) of the infections were bacterial. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were seen in 17 (23%) recipients. Twelve of these had ESRD as a result of stone disease and eight grafts were lost because of UTIs. Eight per cent of recipients developed tuberculosis (TB), and extra-pulmonary lesions were seen in 50%. Surgical complications were encountered in eight patients. Free medication to all recipients and parental support ensured a compliance rate of 93%. Baseline growth deficit was seen in children of the two groups studied (the 6-12 yr and 13-17 yr age-groups), with Z-scores of - 2.39 and - 2.12, respectively. No growth catch-up was observed at 12 and 24 months in either group. Post-donation complications were seen most commonly in donors > 50 yr of age and included: proteinuria (> 300 mg/24 h, four patients), hypertension (three patients), and diabetes (one patient). Twenty-four grafts were lost, 54% as a result of immunological and the rest as a result of non-immunological causes, and 17 recipients died during the follow-up period. Infections were the main cause of patient and graft loss. Overall 1- and 5-yr graft and patient survival rates were 88% and 65%, and 90% and 75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
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Rizvi A, Naqvi A, Hussain Z, Hussain M, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Zafar MN, Ahmed E, Sultan S, Aziz S, Shehzad A, Khalid R. Why is it more difficult to transplant children? A perspective in developing countries. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1742-3. [PMID: 11267494 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Abstract
It has been suggested that girls and women coming from a Muslim background in the Asian sub-continent are disadvantaged in the educational sphere. In this study two particular aspects of this suggested disadvantage are investigated. First, the importance of educating males rather than females and secondly, the issue of parental and husband's control over the rights of women to education and work. Twenty-six Muslim females living in a large Scottish town but of a Pakistani Punjabi background were interviewed in depth. The findings, that these women considered that it is as important to educate girls as it is to educate boys, and that they acquiesced in parental and husband's control over the rights of females to be educated and work, are discussed within a cross-cultural perspective. It is concluded that such issues cannot be isolated from traditional values about the importance of upholding family honour.
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Abstract
A 5-day study, forming the initial part of two 32-day clinical trials and involving 22 unipolar depressed inpatients, was designed to determine the relationship between response to sleep deprivation and 24-hour urinary MHPG levels. A statistically significant, positive relationship was noted between the sleep deprivation, modified total HAM-D scores and MHPG levels at postsleep deprivation, indicating that the greater the severity of depression during sleep deprivation the higher were the MHPG levels after the sleep deprivation period.
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Amin MM, Ban TA, Lehmann HE, Khalid R. R--806--03--01 in the treatment of depression: plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:31-3. [PMID: 625535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Amin MM, Cooper R, Khalid R, Lehmann HE. A comparison of desipramine and amitriptyline plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:45-6. [PMID: 343151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khalid R, Amin MM, Ban TA. Desipramine plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:43-4. [PMID: 343150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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