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Hakami AY, Ahmad RG, Bukhari MM, Almalki MA, Ahmed MM, Alghamdi MM, Kalantan MA, Alsulami KM. Prevalence of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use Among Pregnant Women From 2017 to 2020 in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47745. [PMID: 38021702 PMCID: PMC10676232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression is a mental health disorder that is associated with feelings of hopelessness, despair, and lack of motivation. Its effects on pregnant women are not limited to hemorrhage and hypertension and may lead to maternal mortality. As a result, maternal antidepressant usage during pregnancy has rapidly increased in the United States. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered one of the most prescribed antidepressants. Thus, this study aims to measure the prevalence of SSRI use during pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah (KAMC-J), Saudi Arabia. The population consisted of all pregnant women aged 18 or older from the period of January 2017 to December 2020 (N=13484). The sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. RESULTS The study included 13,484 pregnant women, and further analysis revealed that 62 (0.459%) were exposed to at least one type of antidepressant during pregnancy. Of these, 12 (19.35%) had used more than one class of antidepressants. The majority of the sample, comprising 39 (62.90%) women, were between 34 and 44 years old. Furthermore, SSRIs were found to be the most commonly used antidepressant (41, 66.13%). In addition, fluoxetine was the most frequently prescribed antidepressant, with 23 (37.10%) patients receiving this medication. The dosage did not exceed 20 mg for the majority of the patients on SSRIs. CONCLUSION This study measured the prevalence and patterns of SSRIs and use of different antidepressant classes during pregnancy. After calculating the prevalence of each class of antidepressants among 62 pregnant women exposed to antidepressants, the analysis concluded that SSRIs are the most prescribed antidepressant during pregnancy. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and highlights the need for ongoing research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
- Psychiatry Section, Medicine Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mustafa M Bukhari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Assaf Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mamdoh M Ahmed
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed M Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mulham A Kalantan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khalil M Alsulami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Ahmad RG, Gadah YS, Yamani RA, Almaimani BH, Alganas BM, Alsaleh A, Ahmed ME. The relationship between physical activity and burnout among respiratory therapists in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Can J Respir Ther 2022; 58:204-208. [PMID: 36545462 PMCID: PMC9757124 DOI: 10.29390/cjrt-2022-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background/objective Burnout is a condition in which a person feels physically fatigued and mentally drained. It occurs after a long period of work-related stress and may lead to mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, healthcare providers especially require early intervention. Regular physical activity has been reported to benefit individuals with mental illness, suggesting that a relationship between physical activity and burnout might exist. Hence, this study's objective was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and burnout among respiratory therapists and student interns in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study with respiratory therapists and interns working in public and private hospitals was conducted from November 2, 2020, to November 27, 2020. Participants responded to an electronic survey consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, which measures the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. They also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form and a demographic questionnaire. Results Among the 250 eligible respiratory therapists and interns, data from the 152 respondents who completed the electronic survey were analyzed. Although no association between physical activity and burnout was found, a significant effect of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on physical activity and significant associations of high burnout (emotional exhaustion) with nationality and smoking were found. Conclusion No association was found between burnout level and physical activity. Confounding factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic during the study's data collection and analyses, likely contributed to the study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- Psychiatry Section, Medicine Department, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Sabri Gadah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Tabarjal General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Ahmed Yamani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Sukoon International Extended Care Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakor Hashim Almaimani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Mohammed Alganas
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alsaleh
- Psychiatry Section, Medicine Department, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia,PhD Assistant Professor Biostatistics College of Science and Health Professions, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ramadan M, Alharbi A, Ahmad RG, Alkhalaf A, Alhusseini N, Algarni AS, Mohamed IS. Evaluation of Substance Use Disorder Readmission and Length of Hospital Stay in a Major Rehabilitation Center in the Gulf States: a Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36196061 PMCID: PMC9521855 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) patients have longer lengths of hospital stay, and more unplanned readmissions than other hospitalized patients. We aim to evaluate SUD-related rehospitalization and length of hospital stay in a major rehabilitation center that serves countries of the Gulf States. In a retrospective cohort study for 16-year data set in Al-Amal Hospital Electronic Health Record in the city of Dammam, Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, patients received services from the SUD treatment programs in the period of January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. We used cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate risk of readmission, and general linear model to examine the association between substance use disorders and length of hospital stay. Of the total cohort, 4398 (30.17%) were readmitted within 1 year of discharge date. More than half of the cohort were unemployed patients (52.93%). Patients diagnosed with amphetamine use disorder were 1.36 higher risk of readmission compared to no amphetamine disorder (HR = 1.36; CI (1.04, 1.78) P.02). Patients diagnosed with mental disorder had 7.25 times higher risk of longer hospital stay compared to no mental health disorder (coefficient = 7.25; P < .0001). Amphetamine use disorder increased the risk of readmission. A secondary diagnosis of mental disorders among SUD patients increased length of hospital stay. As a targeted region of amphetamine smuggling in the world, policy and clinical decision-makers in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States should consider taking proactive steps to minimize the future anticipated high demand for addiction treatment in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Ramadan
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, P.O.BOX 9515, Jeddah, 21423 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aysha Alharbi
- Ministry of Health, Prince Abdulrahman Bin Abdulaziz St., Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- Psychiatry Section, Medicine Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkhalaf
- Psychiatry & Mental Health Services, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noara Alhusseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S. Algarni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Hakami AY, Felemban R, Ahmad RG, Al-Samadani AH, Salamatullah HK, Baljoon JM, Alghamdi LJ, Ramadani Sindi MH, Ahmed ME. The Association Between Antipsychotics and Weight Gain and the Potential Role of Metformin Concomitant Use: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914165. [PMID: 35686187 PMCID: PMC9170991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its complications are associated with several adverse effects that may cause a serious impact on health. Antipsychotics-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the major, yet often neglected side effects of first and second generations antipsychotics. Importantly, several researches have shown metformin to be effective in managing weight gain especially, with AIWG. This study investigated the effect of antipsychotics use on weight gain and the theory of metformin concomitant use on the prevention of AIWG. METHODS A retrospective cohort review of the medical records of patients from the psychiatry outpatient clinics in the King Abdulaziz Medical city, a tertiary hospital in Jeddah from May 2016 to August 2021. The population of patients in Psychiatry section was 4,141. The sampling technique was a non-random consecutive sampling technique. Moreover, the included patients' records were divided to group 1 (patients on antipsychotics) and group 2 (patients using antipsychotics with Metformin). RESULTS According to the study criteria, 395 patients' records were included. A total of 309 (78%) patients were using antipsychotics without metformin, which in this study were depicted as group 1. In addition, a total of 86 (22%) were using antipsychotics with metformin, which in this study were assigned as group 2. Out of Group 1 patients (n = 309), only 67 patients experienced weight loss (21.68%), 43 remained with no weight change (13.92%), and 199 experienced weight gain (64.4%). Out of Group 2 patients (n = 86), 35 patients experienced weight loss (40.7%), 18 patients remained with no weight change (20.93%), and 33 experienced weight gain (38.37%). In addition, group 1 had a mean weight change of 2.5 kg, whereas group 2 had a mean weight change of -0.04 kg. CONCLUSION Statistical analysis revealed that patients on antipsychotics alone experienced weight gain, whereas the concomitant use of metformin showed reduction in the weight gain tendency. Thus, study outcomes indicate that concomitant use of metformin with antipsychotics might significantly reduce the AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razaz Felemban
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Psychiatry Section, Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan K Salamatullah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil M Baljoon
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loay J Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa H Ramadani Sindi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hakami AY, Ahmad RG, Alsharif A, Ashqar A, AlHarbi FA, Sayes M, Bafail A, Alqrni A, Khan MA. Prevalence of Behavioral Addictions and Their Relationship With Stress and Anxiety Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:727798. [PMID: 34484009 PMCID: PMC8416092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral addiction is identified as any compulsive, repeated, and persistent behavior that leads to significant and functionally impairing harm or distress. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of internet, video-gaming, and pornography addictions among medical students in Western region. In addition, we intend to investigate the relationship between these behavioral addictions with stress and anxiety. Our study was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 225. The study participants were medical students in their 3rd, 4th, and 5th academic years from five different medical colleges in Western region. The questionnaire included demographics and adapted five different pre-validated scales: Young's Internet Addiction Test - Short Version (IAT-SV), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9 - Short Form (IGDS9-SF), (PPC scale), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). The IAT-SV scale showed: 71 (31.6%) of the participants had normal internet usage, 51 (22.7%) participants showed problematic usage, and 103 (45.8%) used the internet pathologically. The IGDS9-SF scale had observed the following values: 220 participants (97.8%) were non-disordered, and 5 participants (2.2%) were found to be disordered. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant association between stress and problematic pornography consumption (P < 0.01), and internet addiction (P <0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between anxiety and internet gaming disorder (P < 0.01). This study showed high prevalence of internet addiction and low prevalence of internet gaming disorder. Also, it gave more understanding to a possible association between these behavioral addictions with stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Psychiatry Section, Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guards-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsharif
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Ashqar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A AlHarbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Sayes
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Bafail
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqrni
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Khan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shaheen Al Ahwal M, Al Zaben F, Khalifa DA, Sehlo MG, Ahmad RG, Koenig HG. Depression in patients with colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia. Psychooncology 2014; 24:1043-50. [PMID: 25328130 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with colon cancer experience considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by illness, increasing their risk of depressive disorder (DD). We examine the prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms and determine baseline demographic, social, psychological, and physical health correlates. METHODS A convenience sample of 70 cancer patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was screened for DD using an abbreviated version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression (SCID) and for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Demographic, psychosocial, psychiatric, and physical health characteristics were also assessed, along with past treatments for colon cancer. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of DD and symptoms. RESULTS The 1-month prevalence of DD was 30.0% (12.9% major depression, 5.7% minor depression, and 11.4% for dysthymia) and significant depressive symptoms were present in 57.1% (HDRS 8 or higher), including having persistent suicidal thoughts for 2 weeks or longer wthin the past month (14.3%) . Low social support and having a co-morbid psychiatric illness (particularly anxiety) independently predicted DD based on the SCID. Saudi nationality, poor financial situation, low social support, and co-morbid psychiatric illness independently predicted depressive symptoms on the HDRS. Surprisingly, stage of cancer, duration of cancer, and treatments for cancer were unrelated to DD or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS DD and significant depressive symptoms are common in patients with colon cancer in Saudi Arabia, and are predicted by a distinct set of demographic and psychosocial risk factors that may help with identification. Demographic and psychological risk factors were more likely to be associated with depression than cancer characteristics in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faten Al Zaben
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Ahmed Khalifa
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Gamal Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- Resident in Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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